讲义教案gmat数学

【GMATGMATAlgebra&arithmeticAbsolutevalue Add(addition)加Averagevalue算术平均值Algebra代数Algebraic Arithmetic Arithmeticprogressionsequence)等差数列Approximate近似Abscissa横坐标Ordinate纵坐标Binomial二项式Commonfactor公因子Commonmultiple公倍数Commondivisor公约数SimplefractionCommonfraction简分数Complexfraction繁分数Commonlogarithm常用对数Commonratio Complexnumber复数Complexconjugate复共轭Compositenumber合数Primenumber质数Consecutive Consecutiveeven(odd) Cross CoefficientCompletequadratic Complementary Coordinatesystem坐标系Decimal小数Decimalpoint Decimalfraction Decimalarithmetic十进制运算Decimalsystem/decimalscaleDenominatorDifferenceDirect DivideDividedevenly被整除Differential微分Distinct不同的Dividend被除数，红利Division除法Divisionsign除号Divisor因子，除数Divisible可被整除的Equivalentfractions等值分数Equivalentequation等价方程式Equivalencerelation等价关系Eveninteger/number偶数 EquationofthefirstdegreeEndpoint端点Estimation近似Factor因子FactorablequadraticequationpletequadraticequationFactorialFactorization因式分解Geometricmean几何平均数Graphtheory图论Inequality不等式Improperfraction假分数Infinitedecimal无穷小数Inverseproportion反比Irrationalnumber无理数Infinitesimalcalculus微积分Infinity无穷大 Integerable可积分的Integral积分 Integrand被积函数Integratingfactor积分因子Inversefunction反函数Inverse/reciprocal倒数LeastcommondenominatorLeastcommonmultiple lcoefficientLiketerms同类项Linear线性的Minuend被减数Subtrahend被减数Mixeddecimal混合小数Mixednumber带分数Minor子行列式Multiplicand被乘数Multiplication乘法Multiplier乘数Monomial单项式Mean平均数Mode众数Median中数Negative(positive) Nullset(emptyset)空集Numbertheory Numberline 数轴Numericalysis数值分析Naturallogarithm自然对数Naturalnumber自然数 Originalequation原方程Ordinaryscale十进制Ordinal序数Percentage百分比Parentheses括号Polynomial多项式Power乘方ProductProperfraction真分数Proportion比例Permutation排列Propersubset真子集Primefactor质因子Progression数列Quadrant象限Quadratic RatioRealnumber实数Roundoff四舍五入Roundto四舍五入Root根RadicalsignRootsignRecurring Similar Tens十位Tenths十分位Trinomial三相式Units个位UnitWeighted UnionYardWholenumberMutuallyexclusive互相排斥Independentevents相互独立Probability概率 Standard RangeFrequencydistribution 定义域BargraphGeometryAnglebisector角平分线Adjacentangle邻角Alternateangel内错角Acuteangle锐角Obtuseangle钝角Bisect角平分线Adjacent ArcAltitude Complex Convex(concave) Complementary Cube立方体Centralangle圆心角Circle圆Clockwise顺时钟方向Counterclockwise逆时钟方向Chord弦Circularcylinder圆柱体Congruent全等的Correspondingangle同位角Circumferenceperimeter)周长Concentriccircles同心圆Circlegraph扇面图Cone(V=pai*r^2*h/3)Circumscribe外切Inscribe内切Diagonal对角线Decagon十边形Hexagon六边形Nonagon九边形Octagon八边形Pentagon五边形 l四边形Polygon多边形 Edge棱Equilal Exterior(interior) ExtentExterioranglesonthesamesideofthetransversal Intercept截距Includedangle夹角Intersect相交Inscribedtriangle内接三角形Isoscelestriangle等腰三角形Midpoint中点Minoraxis短轴Origin原点Oblique斜三角形negeometry平面几何Oblateness(ellipse)椭圆Parallelogram平行四边形Parallellines平行线Perpendicular垂直的Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理Piechart扇图Quadrihedron三角锥Radius半径Rectangle长方形Regular Rightcircularcylinder直圆柱体Righttriangle Rightangle直角Rectangularsolid正多面体Regularprism正棱柱Regularpyramid正棱锥Regular SlopeSpheresurfacearea=4pair^2V=4pair^33)Side边长Segmentofacircle Solid Straight 平角（180度Supplementaryangle补角Scalenecylinder斜柱体Scalenetriangle不等边三角形Trapezoid梯形VolumeWidthVerticalangleWordproblemApiecePercapita每人Decreaseto减少到Decreaseby减少了Brace双Cardinal基数Cent美分Nickel五美分Dime一角Penny一美分Downpayment定金，预付金Simpleinterest单利Compoundedinterest复利Foot英尺DozenGross=12dozen罗Gallon4quart加仑Fahrenheit华氏温度Depth深度Discount折扣Cumulativegraph累计图Interest利息MarginProfitRetailpricePintScoreCommonyearIntercalaryyear(leapyear)QuarterGMATquartilemedianmedian,hehe就是将所有的统计标本按顺序排列,再从头到尾分为个数相同的4堆quartile就是第一堆的最后一个,或是第二堆的第一个题目中,50个数,median2526个同样,quartile是第1213个,thethirdquartile3738个至于到底是37还是38,GRE不会为难你的,这两个数肯定一样Quartile的说明：Quartile（四分位数0Quartile实际为通常所说的最小值（MINimum）第1个Quartile（En：1stQuartile）2Quartile实际为通常所说的中分位数（中数、二分位分、3Quartile（En：3rd第4个Quartile实际为通常所说的最大值（1st3rdQuartile不了解外，对其他几个统计量的求法都是比较熟悉的了，而求1st、3rd是比较麻烦的，下面以求1rd为例:（n个数1stn个数从小到大排列，求(n-1)/4i1stQuartile为：(i+1个数)*(4-j)/4+(i+2个 商0，余数1st=1个数*4/4+2个数 商0，余数1st=1个数*3/4+2个数 商0，余数1st=1个数*2/4+2个数 商0，余数1st=1个数*1/4+2个数3rd1rd的位置对称，这是可以将序列从大到小排（即倒过来排再用1rd的即可求得：序列标题:Percentile发信站:BBS水木站(ThuNov2310:47:02ETS明确规定Percentile是一定要求的一个统计量，不知道有GPercentilePercentile的计算比较复杂，所以我在此对Percentile的求法详述，以方便GPercentile:percentbelow用概念来说没什么用，而且易让人糊涂，所以在此我归纳出一个以供G友参考。n个数，要求（k%）从小到大排序，求(n-1)*k%，记整数部分为i，小数部分为j（1）j为0，即(n-1)*k%恰为整数，则结果恰为第(i+1)注意：我前面提到的Quartile也可用这种方法计算，1stQuartilek%=25%2ndQuartile的k%=50%3rdQuartile80｝16(1-0.5)*5个数＋0.5*6个数 （3rd(1-0.25)*12个数+0.25*13个数标题:发信站:BBS水木站(SatDec1620:54:44代数naturalnumberpositivenumbernegativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15…reciprocalcommondivisormultiple倍数(minimum)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个mode众数meanmedian中值commonratio公比arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squarerootcuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.-32=32roundoff四舍五入addplus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividenddivisor因子,quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入 代数项 同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数li lcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation 原方程equivalentequation 程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)proper 真分 improper 假分 number带分数vulgarfractioncommonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母quarterdecimalfractioninfinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十union并集propersubset真子集solutionsetarithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列approximate近似 (anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向 基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例 表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangleinteriorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundanglestraightangle平角includedangle夹角equilaltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestrianglerighttriangleoblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilal四边形pentagonhexagonheptagonoctagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilal等边形ne平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形arcline,straightlinelinesegmentparallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形cuberectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedroncircularcylindercone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的negeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直 Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理（定理）congruent全等的multila l多边的altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积 volume体积 arm直角三角形的股 section横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦diameter直径radius半径anglebisector角平分线 diagonal对角线edge faceofasolid 立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边media（三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数） opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点 endpoint端点 vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangenttransversal截线interceptcoordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quad