新起航大学英语 Unit 4

Unit4WhatMakesaGoodTeacher?TextATextBKnowledgeEmpoweringIntegratedExercisesCultureExpressTextAPre-readingThoughtLead-inQuestionsTextATranslationLanguagePointsNewWordsandExpressionsNotesTextStructureReadingComprehensionTextAHeplantstreestobenefitanothergeneration.——CaeciliusStatiusPre-readingThoughtTextAWhoisthebestteacherinyourlife?Whathaveyoulearnedfromhim/her?Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation?Lead-inQuestions1.2.TextATheBestTeacherinLifeCaeciliusStatiusThereisastoryfrommanyyearsagoofaprimaryschoolteacher.HernamewasMrs.Thompson.Andasshestoodinfrontofthe5thgradeclassontheveryfirstdayofschool,shetoldthechildrenalie.Likemostteachers,shelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrow,slumpedinhisseat,wasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard1.Mrs.ThompsonhadwatchedTeddytheyearbeforeandnoticedthathedidn’tplaywellwithotherchildren,hisclothesweremessyandheconstantlyneededabath.And,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.213TextAItgottothepointwhereMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightinmarkinghispaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.AttheschoolwhereMrs.Thompsontaught,shewasrequiredtorevieweachchild’spastrecordsandsheputTeddy’soffuntillast.However,whenshereviewedhisfile,shewasinforasurprise.Teddy’sfirstgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh2.Hedoeshisworkneatlyandhasgoodmanners...heisajoytobearound.”Hissecondgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisanexcellentstudent,well-likedbyhisclassmates.Butheistroubledbecausehismotherhasaterminalillnessandlifeathomemustbeastruggle.”456TextAHisthirdgradeteacherwrote,“Hismother’sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.Hetriedtodohisbestbuthisfatherdoesn’tshowmuchinterestinhim,andhishomelifewillsoonaffecthimifsomestepsaren’ttaken.”Teddy’sfourthgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyiswithdrawnanddoesn’tshowmuchinterestinschool.Hedoesn’thavemanyfriendsandsometimessleepsinclass.”Bynow,Mrs.Thompsonrealizedtheproblemandshewasashamedofherself.ShefeltevenworsewhenherstudentsbroughtherChristmaspresents,wrappedinbeautifulpaperandtiedwithprettyribbons,exceptforTeddy’s.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.789TextAMrs.Thompsonopeneditinthemiddleoftheotherpresents.Someofthechildrenstartedtolaughwhenshefoundarhinestonebraceletwithsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume.Butshestifledthechildren’slaughterwhensheexclaimedhowprettythebraceletwas,puttingiton,anddabbingsomeoftheperfumeonherwrist.Teddystayedafterschoolthatdayjustlongenoughtosay,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelledjustlikemymomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Ontheveryday,shequitteachingreading,andwriting,andarithmetic.Insteadshebegantoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.1011TextAMrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Assheworkedwithhim,hismindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterheresponded.Bytheendoftheyear,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.Ayearlater,shefoundanoteunderherdoor,fromTeddy,tellingherthatshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanothernotefromTeddy.Hethenwrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.121314TextAFouryearsafterthat,shegotanotherletter,sayingthathewouldsoongraduatefromcollegewiththehighestofhonors.Thenfourmoreyearspassedandyetanotherlettercame.Thistimeheexplainedthatafterhegothisbachelor’sdegree,hedecidedtogoalittlefurther.Theletterexplainedthatshewasstillthebestandfavoriteteacherheeverhad.Butnowhisnamewasalittlelonger—theletterwassigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD3.Thestorydoesn’tendthere.Yousee,therewasyetanotherletterthatspring.Teddysaidhe’dmethisgirlandwasgoingtobemarried.HeexplainedthathisfatherhaddiedacoupleofyearsagoandhewaswonderingifMrs.Thompsonmightagreetositintheplaceattheweddingthatwasusuallyreservedforthemotherofthegroom.OfcourseMrs.Thompsondid.1516TextAAttheweddingceremony,theyhuggedeachother,andDr.StoddardwhisperedinMrs.Thompson’sear,“ThankyouMrs.Thompsonforbelievinginme,thankyousomuchformakingmefeelimportantandshowingmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thompson,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback.Shesaid,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn’tknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”(828words)1718一生中最好的老师凯基利乌斯·斯塔提乌斯这个故事说的是多年前一名叫汤普森夫人的小学老师。在开学的第一天，她站在五年级全班学生面前，对孩子们撒了一个谎。像大多数老师一样，她看着同学们，说她会一视同仁地爱他们每一个人。

但这是不可能的，因为前排座位上就坐着个萎靡不振的小男孩，他叫泰迪·斯托达德。

汤普森夫人从去年就开始留意泰迪，发觉他不大和其他孩子一起玩儿，衣衫不整，身上总是很脏，而且，泰迪还不讨人喜欢。

汤普森夫人甚至喜欢上用粗红笔在泰迪的考卷上打上些大大的叉，并在卷子上方写个大大的“F”。汤普森夫人执教的学校要求老师浏览每个孩子的档案，她把泰迪的放在最后才看。

可是，她翻阅泰迪的档案时，不禁大吃一惊。泰迪一年级老师的评语是：“泰迪是一个聪明的孩子，开朗爱笑，作业工整，礼貌待人……与他在一起很开心。”TextA-TranslationTextA-Translation二年级老师的评语是：“泰迪是个优秀的学生，同学们都很喜欢他。但是，他母亲得了绝症，他很苦恼，家里生活肯定也很艰难。”

他三年级老师的评语是：“他母亲的去世对他打击很大。尽管他试图努力表现，但他父亲不大理会。如果不采取措施，他的家庭生活很快就会影响到他。”

他四年级老师的评语是：“泰迪性格孤僻，有厌学情绪。他朋友不多，上课有时候睡觉。”

看到这里，汤普森夫人明白了问题所在，她为自己感到羞愧。当同学们送给她圣诞礼物时，她更无地自容了。那些礼物都用漂亮的包装纸包着，扎着美丽的彩带，唯有泰迪的例外。他的礼物用杂货袋的厚厚的棕色纸粗陋地包着。

在一堆礼物中间，汤普森夫人拆开了泰迪送的礼物。当看到里面放的是一串缺少了一些珠子的莱茵石手镯，还有1/4瓶香水的时候，有些孩子开始笑出声来。汤普森夫人制止了孩子们的嘲笑，并大声赞叹手镯多么漂亮。她戴上手镯，还在手腕处喷了点儿香水。那天放学以后，泰迪·斯托达德留下来对汤普森夫人说：“汤普森夫人，您今天身上的味道像我妈妈。”TextA-Translation

孩子们走后，她哭了至少一个小时。从那天起，她不再单纯教阅读、写作和算术，而是开始教孩子们如何做人。汤普森夫人特别关注泰迪。在她的悉心教导下，他的思维似乎变得敏捷起来。她越鼓励他，他的反应就越快。到了年底，泰迪已在全班名列前茅。

一年后，汤普森夫人发现门下有张泰迪写来的便条，说她仍然是他一生中碰到的最好的老师。

又过了6年，她又收到了泰迪的短笺，说他以全班第三名的成绩高中毕业，而她仍然是他遇见过的最好的老师。又过了4年，她又收到泰迪的来信，说他很快就要以优异的成绩大学毕业。又一个4年，又来了一封信。这次他解释到，拿到学士学位后，他继续深造去了。他在这封信中说明，她依然是他一生中最好、最喜欢的老师。不过，这次他的署名长了一点，信的落款是：西奥多·F·斯托达德医学博士。TextA-Translation故事并没有就此结束。你瞧，那年春天，又来了一封信。泰迪在信上说，他交了女友，俩人就要结婚了。他解释说，他爸爸几年前去世了，所以他想知道在他们的婚礼上，汤普森夫人是否愿意坐在他母亲的位子上。汤普森夫人当然愿意了。

婚礼上，他们互相拥抱，斯托达德博士对汤普森夫人耳语道：“汤普森夫人，谢谢您对我的信任！非常感谢您对我的重视，是您让我明白了自己的价值。”

汤普森夫人热泪盈眶，低声答道：“泰迪，你搞错了。是你让我明白自己可以有所作为。在遇到你以后，我才知道怎样教育孩子。”And,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.(Para.1)Paraphrase:And,Teddywasnotpleasingtoothers.1.【译文】而且，泰迪还不讨人喜欢。ItgottothepointwhereMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightinmarkinghispaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.（Para.4）Paraphrase:ThinghasdevelopedtothesituationthatMrs.ThompsonwouldunexpectedlyliketomarkhispaperswithboldredpenandmakebigXsandthenmarkan“F”atthetopofhispapers.2.【译文】汤普森夫人甚至喜欢上用粗红笔在泰迪的考卷上打上些大大的叉，并在卷子上方写个大大的“F”。Itgottothepointwhere...事情发展到了……的地步takedelightin:takepleasurein;like喜欢；以……为乐e.g.Ifullyagreetothearrangementandtakedelightinit.·areadylaugh(Para.5)开朗爱笑3.4.Heisajoytobearound.(Para.5)Paraphrase:Itispleasanttobewithhim.【译文】与他在一起很开心。terminal(Para.6):adj.(ofadisease)predictedtoleadtodeath,especiallyslowly;incurable（疾病）末期的，晚期的；不治的，致命的5.e.g.·terminalcancer（晚期癌症）·Hismother'sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.(Para.7)Paraphrase:Hismother'sdeathhasbeenagreathitonhim.6.【译文】他母亲的去世对他打击很大。takesomesteps(Para.7):takesomemeasuresoraction采取措施7.e.g.·Thegovernmentshouldtakesomestepstobringdownthepriceoffood.·8.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.(Para.9)Paraphrase:Hispresentwasawkwardlyenclosedinthethick,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.【译文】他的礼物用杂货袋那厚厚的棕色纸粗陋地包着。respond(Para.12):vi.(ofaperson)actorbehaveinreactiontosomeoneorsth.（人）做出反应9.e.g.·Sheturnedherhead,respondingtohisgrinwithasmile.·bachelor'sdegree(Para.15):degreethatapersongetsafteronehascompletedauniversitydegreecourse学士学位10.MD:DoctorofMedicine医学博士11.reserve(Para.16):v.①retainforfutureuse保留，预留e.g.·Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.②arrangefor(aroom,seat,ticket,etc.)tobekeptfortheuseofaparticularpersonandnotgiventoanyoneelse.预订e.g.·I'llreserveatableforfive.12.··13.makea/nodifference(Para.17)：haveasignificanteffect(ornoeffect)onapersonorsituation有影响，有关系/没影响，没关系e.g.Whateveryoucandocanmakeadifference.slump/slʌmp/v.★

2starsIfyouslumpsomewhere,youfallorsitdownthereheavily,forexample,becauseyouareverytiredoryoufeelill.瘫倒;（因劳累或生病等）跌坐messy/ˈmesi/adj.1starSomethingthatismessyisdirtyornotneat.脏的constantly/'kɒnstəntli/adv.continually

不断地；时常地neatly/‘niːtli/adv.withneatness

整洁地terminal/ˈtɜːmɪnəl/adj.◎2stars

Aterminalillnessordiseasecausesdeath,oftenslowly,andcannotbecured.（疾病）晚期的;致命的withdrawn/wɪðˈdrɔːn/adj.Someonewhoiswithdrawnisveryquiet,anddoesnotwanttotalktootherpeople.沉默寡言的wrap/ræp/v.◎3starsWhenyouwrapsomething,youfoldpaperorclothtightlyaroundittocoveritcompletely,forexample,inordertoprotectitorsothatyoucangiveittosomeoneasapresent.包裹ribbon/rɪbən/n.◎2starsAribbonisalong,narrowpieceofcloththatyouusefortyingthingstogetherorasadecoration.装饰带clumsily/'klʌmzɪli/adv.

awkwardly,ineptly笨拙地；粗陋地rhinestone/ˈraɪnˌstəʊn/n.Rhinestonesareshiny,glassjewelsthatareusedincheapjewelleryandtodecorateclothes.人造钻石；莱茵石（一种假钻石）bracelet/'breɪslɪt/n.★1starAbraceletisachainorband,usuallymadeofmetal,whichyouweararoundyourwristasjexellery.手镯perfume/'pɜːfjuːm/n.★2starsPerfumeisapleasant-smellingliquidthatwomenputontheirskintomakethemselvessmellnice.香水stifle/'staɪfəl/v.★1starstopsomethingfromhappeningordeveloping制止exclaim/ɪkˈskleɪm/v.

◎

1starsWriterssometimesuseexclaimtoshowthatsomeoneisspeakingsuddenly,loudly,oremphatically,oftenbecausetheyareexcited,shocked,orangry.（因兴奋、震惊、愤怒等）突然呼喊;惊叫dab/dæb/v.Ifyoudabsomething,youtouchitseveraltimesusingquick,lightmovements.Ifyoudabasubstanceontoasurface,youputitthereusingquick,lightmovements.轻擦;轻敷arithmetic/ə'rɪθmətɪk/n.◎1starArithmeticisthepartofmathematicsthatisconcernedwiththeaddition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivisionofnumbers.算术respond/rɪˈspɒnd/v.◎4starsWhenyourespondtosomethingthatisdoneorsaid,youreacttoitbydoingorsayingsomethingyourself.回应reserve/rɪˈzɜːv/v.◎4starsIfsomethingisreservedforaparticularpersonorpurpose,itiskeptspeciallyforthatpersonorpurpose.预留groom/gruːm/v.

★1star(=bridegroom)Agroomisamanwhoisgettingmarried.新郎whisper/ˈwɪspə/v.◎3starsWhenyouwhisper,yousaysomethingveryquietly,usingyourbreathratherthanyourthroat,sothatonlyonepersoncanhearyou.悄声说出;悄声说primaryschool小学allthesame毫无区别，一模一样takedelightin喜爱，以……为乐takesomesteps采取措施beashamedof为……感到羞耻comealive活跃起来bachelor’sdegree学士学位makeadifference做出改变Butthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrow,slumpedinhisseat,wasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.但这是不可能的，因为前排座位上就坐着个萎靡不振的小男孩，他叫泰迪·斯托达德。1.areadylaugh:笑口常开2.MD:DoctorofMedicine医学博士MDiswrittenaftersomeone’snametoindicatethattheyhavebeenawardedadegreeinmedicineandarequalifiedtopractiseasadoctor.3.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasI1～4Mrs.Thompsondidn'tlikeTeddybecausesheconsideredhimveryunpleasant.Para.1:Mrs.Thompsonliedthatshelovedallherstudents.Para.2:Mrs.Thompsondidn'tloveTeddyStoddard.Para.3:Mrs.ThompsonconsideredTeddyanunpleasantboy.Para.4:Mrs.Thompsondidn'tlikeTeddysosheputTeddy'spastrecordsoffuntillast.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII5～11AfterreviewingTeddy'spastrecordsandreceivinghispresent,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherselfanddecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.Para.5:Mrs.ThompsonwassurprisedatthecommentsbyTeddy'sfirstgradeteacher.Para.6:Teddy'ssecondgradeteacherwroteabouthismother'sdeathanddifficultlifeafterthat.Para.7:Teddy'sthirdgradeteacherwroteaboutthebadinfluenceofhislifeonhisstudy.Para.8:Inthefourthgrade,Teddycompletelychanged.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII5～11AfterreviewingTeddy'spastrecordsandreceivinghispresent,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherselfanddecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.Para.9:Realizingtheproblem,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself,especiallywhenshegotTeddy'spresent.Para.10:ThoughotherchildrenlaughedatTeddy'spresent,Mrs.ThompsonloveditandTeddywasveryglad.Para.11:Mrs.Thompsondecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIII12～15Mrs.ThompsonhelpedTeddymakehislifedifferentandheconsideredherhisbestteacher.Para.12:Mrs.ThompsontriedherbesttohelpTeddyandhebecameoneofthesmartestchildren.Para.13:TeddytoldMrs.Thompsonthatshewasthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Para.14:Sixyearslater,TeddystillconsideredMrs.Thompsonthebestteacher.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIII12～15Mrs.ThompsonhelpedTeddymakehislifedifferentandheconsideredherhisbestteacher.Para.15:Anotherfouryearspassed,whenTeddybecomeaDoctorofMedicine,hestillregardedMrs.Thompsonasthebestteacher.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIV16～18Mrs.Thompsonthoughtit'sTeddywhotaughthimhowtobeagoodteacher.Para.16:TeddyinvitedMrs.Thompsontorepresenthismotherandsheaccepted.Para.17:Atthewedding,TeddythankedMrs.Thompsonforallshedidtohelphim.Para.18:Mrs.Thompsonthoughtit'sTeddywhotaughthimhowtobeagoodteacher.Decidewhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthethemeofthepassage.ReadforMainIdeasA.Ms.ThompsonisthebestteacherinTeddy’seyes.C.Teddybecamesuccessfulbecauseofthehelpofhisteacher.D.One’slifemaygreatlyinfluencehisperformanceinschool.B.Thebestteachershouldpayattentionnotonlytostudents’scores,butalsototheirmentality.1.Mrs.Thompsontoldaliethatshelovedallherstudents.2.WhenMrs.ThompsonreviewedTeddy’spastrecords,shewasbecauseTeddy’sfirstgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh.”3.Teddywasanddidn’tshowmuchinterestinschoolbecauseofhismother’sdeathandhisfather’sindifference.4.Mrs.ThompsonencouragedTeddy,heresponded.5.TeddythankedMrs.Thompsonforbelievinginhim,makinghimfeelimportantandshowinghimthathecould.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.ReadforDetails__________allthesame________withdrawn____________inforasurprise_______________Themorethefaster_______________makeadifference()Mrs.ThompsonlovedTeddyjustlikeotherstudents.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________()Mrs.Thompsondidn’tlikemarkingTeddy’spaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.__________________________________________________________1.2.MakeInferencesDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext,andcorrectthefalseonesbywritingthecorrespondingtruestatements.FMrs.Thompsondidn'tloveTeddybecausehedidn'tplaywellwiththeotherchildren,hisclothesweremessyandconstantlyneedabath.And,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.FMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightindoingthat.MakeInferences()AttheschoolwhereMrs.Thompsontaught,shewasrequiredtorevieweachchild’spastrecordsandshereadTeddy’sfirst._________________________________________________________()Teddychangedgreatlyinthethirdyear.

()Teddy’sChristmaspresentwasabeautifulrhinestonebraceletandafullbottleofperfume.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.4.5.FMrs.ThompsonputTeddy'soffuntillast.FTeddy'sChristmaspresentwasarhinestonebraceletwithsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume.TCriticalThinkingDiscussthefollowingquestionsingroups,andthenshareyouropinionswithyourclassmates.WhydidMrs.Thompsonquitteachingreading,writing,andarithmetictoteachchildrenhowtobeaman?WhydidMrs.ThompsonsaytoTeddy,“YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference”?1.2.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becausesherealizedhermistakeafterreadingthecommentsmadebyotherteachersanddiscoveredthatasmallthingdonebytheteachercouldbeagreatencouragementforachild.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BecauseshelearnedtheimportanceofteachingchildrenhowtobeamanjustfromTeddy.TextBPre-readingThoughtLead-inQuestionsTextBTranslationLanguagePointsNewWordsandExpressionsNotesTextStructureRecitationVocabularyTextBIfthepastcannotteachthepresentandthefathercannotteachtheson,thenhistoryneednothavebotheredtogoon,andtheworldhaswastedagreatdealoftime.——RussellHobanPre-readingThoughtTextBDoyouagreewiththesayingthatoneisnevertoooldtolearn?Whichwaydoyouthinkisbetter,learningfromteachersorlearningbyyourself?Lead-inQuestions1.2.TextBOnTeachersHanYu1

Sinceancienttimes,tolearnallmenmusthaveteachers,whopassonthetruthanddispelignorance.Asmenarenotbornwise,whocanbefreefromignorance?Butignorantmendonotfindteachers,theyremainignorantforever.Someteachersmaybebornbeforemeandhavelearnedthetruthbeforeme;Ishouldthereforelearnfromthem.Somemayhavebeenbornafterme,butlearnedthetruthbeforeme;Ishouldalsolearnfromthem.AsIseekthetruth,Ineednotworrywhethermyteacherismyseniororjunior.Whetherheisnobleorcommon,olderoryounger,whoeverknowsthetruthcanbeateacher.1TextBAlas,sincemenhavelongceasedlearningfromteachersitishardnottobeignorant.Theoldsageswerefarsuperiortocommonmen,yettheysoughtthetruthfromteachers.Mostmenoftodayarefarbelowthosesages,yettheythinkitshamefultolearn.Thatiswhysagesbecomemoresage,whilefoolsmorefoolish.Nodoubtthisiswhatmakessomesagesandothersfools.Amanwholoveshissonchoosesateacherforhimbutisashamedtofindoneforhimself.Thisisentirelywrong.Allachild’steachercandoistogivehimabookandtotellhimhowtoreaditsentencebysentence.ThisisnottheteacherIhaveinmindwhocanpassonthetruthanddispelignorance.Ifwewanttolearntoreadbutnottodispelignorance,wearelearningthelesserandgivingupthegreater,whichishardlyintelligent.23TextBPhysicians,musiciansandartisansarenotashamedtolearnfromeachother.Butifoneoftheliteraticallsanothermanhisteacherandhimselfpupil,peoplewillflocktolaughathim.Ifyouaskwhy,theywillreplythatthemenareroughlyequalinageandunderstanding.Ifonehasalowsocialstatus,itishumiliating;ifoneisahighofficial,itlookslikeflattery.Clearly,tolearnfromateacherisold-fashioned.Physicians,musiciansandartisansaredespisedbygentlemen,yettheyseemtobemoreintelligent.Isthisnotstrange?(369words,Translatedby杨宪益、戴乃迭)4师说唐代/韩愈古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道授业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。

嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！TextB-Translation【译为白话文】古代求学的人一定有老师。老师是传授道理、教授学业、解答疑难问题的人。人不是生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？（有了）疑惑，如果不跟从老师（学习），那些成为疑难问题的，就最终不能理解了。生在我前面的，他懂得道理本来就早于我，我（应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师；生在我后面的，（如果）他懂得的道理也早于我，我（也应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师。我（是向他）学习道理啊，哪管他的生年比我早还是比我晚呢？因此，无论地位高低贵贱，无论年纪大小，道理存在的地方，就是老师存在的地方。唉，（古代）从师（学习）的风尚不流传已经很久了，想要人没有疑惑难啊!古代的圣人，他们超出一般人很远，尚且跟从老师而请教；现在的一般人，他们（的才智）低于圣人很远，却以向老师学习为耻。因此圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。圣人之所以能成为圣人，愚人之所以能成为愚人，大概都是因为这个原因吧？（人们）爱他们的孩子，就选择老师来教他，（但是）对于他自己呢，却以跟从老师（学习）为可耻，真是糊涂啊!那些孩子们的老师，是教他们读书，（帮助他们）学习断句的，不是我所说的能传授那些道理，解答那些疑难问题的。（一方面）不通晓句读，（另一方面）不能解决疑惑，有的（句读）向老师学习，有TextB-Translation的（疑惑）却不向老师学习；小的方面倒要学习，大的方面反而放弃（不学），我没看出那种人是明智的。巫医乐师和各种工匠这些人，不以互相学习为耻。士大夫这类人，（听到）称“老师”称“弟子”的，就成群聚在一起讥笑人家。问他们（为什么讥笑），就说：“他和他年龄差不多，道德学问也差不多，（以）地位低（的人为师），就觉得羞耻，（以）官职高（的人为师），就近乎谄媚了。”唉!（古代那种）跟从老师学习的风尚不能恢复，（从这些话里就）可以明白了。巫医乐师和各种工匠这些人，君子们不屑一提，现在他们的见识竟反而赶不上（这些人），真是令人奇怪啊!TextB-TranslationSinceancienttimes,tolearnallmenmusthaveteachers,whopassonthetruthanddispelignorance.(Para.1)Paraphrase:Fromancienttimestothepresent,everyonewhowantstolearnmusthaveateacherwhosemissionistopreach,teachandclearupconfusion.1.【译文】古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道授业解惑也。（古代求学的人

一定有老师。老师是传授道理、教授学业、解答疑难问题的人。）(1)passon:pass;give传递；传给e.g.Theoldmanpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohisdaughter.(2)dispel:vt.eliminate消除；驱散e.g.Thesundispelledthedensefog.cease(Para.2):v.stop停止；结束2.e.g.Heneverceasestoamazeme.superiorto(Para.2):higherinrank,status,orquality较高的；上级的，高级的3.e.g.Itissuperiortoeveryothercarontheroad.beashamedto(Para.3):reluctanttodosth.throughfearofembarrassmentorhumiliation因怕难堪或丢脸而不愿意4.e.g.I'mashamedtosayIfollowedhimhome.havesomeone/somethinginmind(Para.3):thinkof想要，打算5.e.g.Ihaditinmindtoaskyoutoworkforme....peoplewillflocktolaughathim(Para.4)Paraphrase:peoplewillgotogethertoteasehim.6.【译文】

(士大夫之族)则群聚而笑之。（士大夫这类人就成群聚在一起讥笑人家。）ancient/ˈeɪnʃənt/adj.◎3starsAncientmeansbelongingtothedistantpast.古代的dispel/dɪˈspel/v.◎1starTodispelanideaorfeelingthatpeoplehavemeanstostopthemhavingit.消除（想法或感觉）ignorance/ˈɪgnərəns/n.◎2starsIgnoranceofsomethingislackofknowledgeaboutit.无知ignorant/ˈɪgnərənt/adj.◎1starIfyoudescribesomeoneasignorant,youmeanthattheydonotknowthingstheyshouldknow.Ifsomeoneisignorantofafact,theydonotknowit.无知的alas/əˈlæs/int.Youusealastosaythatyouthinkthatthefactsyouaretalkingaboutaresadorunfortunate.（表示悲痛、遗憾）唉呀；呜呼哀哉cease/siːs/v.◎3starsIfyouceasesomething,youstopithappeningorworking.停止sage/seɪdʒ/n.1staramanreveredforhisprofoundwisdom智者；圣人artisan/ˈɑːtɪˌzæn/n.1starAnartisanissomeonewhosejobrequiresskillwiththeirhands.手艺人literati/ˌlɪtəˈrɑːti/n.(literatus的复数)Literatiarewell-educatedpeoplewhoareinterestedinliterature.文学人士flock/flɒk/v.◎2starsIfpeopleflocktoaparticularplaceorevent,averylargenumberofthemgothere,usuallybecauseitispleasantorinteresting.云集于status/steɪtəs/n.◎

4starsYourstatusisyoursocialorprofessionalposition.社会地位;职业地位humiliating/hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ/adj.◎1starIfsomethingishumiliating,itembarrassesyouandmakesyoufeelashamedandstupid.使蒙受耻辱的flattery/ˈflætəri/n.◎Flatteryconsistsofflatteringwordsorbehaviour.奉承old-fashioned/'əʊld'fæʃənd/adj.◎2starsSomethingsuchasastyle,method,ordevicethatisoldfashionedisnolongerused,done,oradmiredbymostpeople,becauseithasbeenreplacedbysomethingthatismoremodern.旧式的;过时的passon传递；传给besuperiorto优于；胜过beashamedto以……为耻have...inmind想要，打算HanYu(韩愈)wasafamouslitterateurinTangDynasty.ThisessaywaswrittenbyHanYuforhisstudentLiPan,who,agedseventeen,wasfondofancientclassicalwritingsandhadstudiedallthesixartsandtheircommentaries.1.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasI1Teachersshouldpassonthetruthanddispelignoranceandwhoeverknowsthetruthcanbeateacher,nomatterheisnobleorcommon,oldoryoung.II2～4Everyoneshouldlearnfromteachers.Para.2:Sincemenhavelongceasedlearningfromteachers，itishardnottobeignorant.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII2～4Everyoneshouldlearnfromteachers.Para.3:It'sentirelywrongforpeoplenottolearnfromteachersandteacherswhojusttaughtchildrenhowtoreadabooksentencebysentencearenotgenuineteachers.Para.4:It'swrongfortheliteratinottolearnfromteachers.VocabularyFindthecorrespondingwordsorphrasesinthetextaccordingtothedefinitiongivenbelow.tomakesomethinggoaway,especiallyabelief,idea,orfeeling(Para.1)______notknowingfactsorinformationthatyououghttoknow