专升本公共英语虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气虚拟语气(subjunctivemood),表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望,假想和建议等.1.虚拟语气的形式2.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用3.虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用4.练习

第一讲.动词的虚拟语气

(1)用法虚拟语气用在if/suppose/supposing引导的条件状语从句中

虚拟时间条件状语从句的谓语动词

主句的谓语动词与过去的事实相反Had+V过去分词(过去完成时)should/would/might/could+have+v过去分词与现在事实相反v过去式(be的过去式通常用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形

对将来可能出现的事实进行相反的假设

过去式(be动词的过去式常用were)should(适用于所有人称)+动词原形were+to+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形Ⅰif条件句的虚拟语气

if的非真实条件从句对现在,过去,将来的事实进行虚拟时,主句和if从句的谓语动词形式如下:1.与现在事实相反时,其表现形式为:if+主语+v-ed,主语+would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveontime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用2.与过去事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+hadv-ed,主语+would(或Might,could,should)+havev-ed.Eg:Wewouldhavevisitedyouifwehadhadtime.Iwouldn’thaveknownthatthingifIhadn’tbeentold.3.与将来事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+should(或wereto)+v.,主语+Would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifyoushoulddroptheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyoushouldleavethereforawhile,you’dchangeyourmindaboutthatplace.4.错综时间句的虚拟语气

当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整.如:IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.Iffatherhadn’tsentme,Ishouldn’tbehere.5.if的省略(1)在正式文体中，当if条件句中含有助动词had,should或were时，可以省略if,而将had,should或were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。Eg:Hadsuchdisasteroccurred,thedamagewouldhavebeenincalculable.

Werehetotelluseverything,wewouldtrytosolvethisproblem.(2)如果if条件句是含not的否定句，省略if时,not不能与助动词had,should或were同时提前。Eg:Haditnotbeenfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavefinishedthetaskaheadoftime.Ⅱ虚拟语气在wish后从句中的应用动词wish后所跟的宾语从句表示实现可能性极小或与事实相反的情况,从句用虚拟语气.(1)表示与现在情况相反的愿望时,句式为:主语+wish+(that)+宾语从句(谓语动词用一般过去时)Eg:IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldchangemyjob.(2)表示与过去情况相反的愿望时,句式为:主语+wish+(that)宾语从句(谓语动词用过去完成时/could+现在完成时)Eg:Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.

(3)表示对将来发生的事情表示希望,祝愿等时,句式为:主语+wish+宾语从句(谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形)Eg:IwishIcouldseeyoulater.Iwishhemighttryagain.

2.虚拟语气在ifonly感叹句中的应用Ifonly后面的句子用虚拟语气,表示“但愿”,“要是…就好了”,其用法基本与wish相同.Eg:Ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice.Ifonlyshewouldcome.3.在asif引导的表示虚拟的表语从句中，谓语动词用were型虚拟式表示对现在情况的假设，用

hadbeen型虚拟式表示对过去情况的假设。Eg:Youlookasifyouhadatoothache..如果说话人所表示的不是假设的情况，而是一种可能的事实，asif引导的表语从句中的谓语动词使用陈述语气。Eg:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.4.虚拟语气在“It’s+about/hightime+从句”中的应用在It’sabout/hightime+从句的结构中,从句用一般过去时的虚拟语气.Eg:“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimethatyourealizedthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgersaidtohisbossangrily.Itisabouttimethatwewenttoschool.6.supposing,suppose,evenif也可引导虚拟条件句。Eg:Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoswimmingwithus?有时suppose或supposing单独引起一个句子，用于提出建议或假设。Eg:Supposewestartedtomorrow.7.虚拟语气在incase,lest或forfearthat等从句中的用法

incase,lest或forfearthat引起的从句常用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”,形式为should+动词原形.Eg:Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.Theyoungdriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitshouldgowrongontheway.8.4种要用should的动词1.表示建议：2.表示主张：3.表示要求：4.表示命令：Eg:Thelawyeraskedthatthecaseshouldbepostponedforonemonth.Thedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.

insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点”则不用虚拟语气。

eg：

Heinsistsheisastudent.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

eg：

Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。10.虚拟语气在形容词短语的that宾语从句中的应用主语+be+adj.+that+主语+should+动词原形主语+be+adj.+that+主语+shouldhave+过去分词Eg:Iamhappythatheshouldagree.Iamashamedthatyoushouldhavedonesuchathing.11.含蓄条件的虚拟语气假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在上下文中。表示暗含条件的方式有：1.介词或介词短语，如：without,butfor,butthat等。Eg:Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.2.连词，如：but,or,orelse等。Eg:Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’mbusynow.3.副词,如：otherwise等。Eg:Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.4.比较等级。Eg:(1)Amorecarefulpersonwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakes.(2)Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavebeenabletofinishtheexperiment.5.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。Eg:Youwouldn’tknow.Iwouldliketocome.Iwouldnothavedreamedofit.1.“Howshouldthecityberun?”“IfI()amayor,Iwouldmakethestreetscleanerandhiremorepolicemen.”A.wouldB.wereC.wouldbeD.should2.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother()onherrighttokeepthebaby.A.hasbeeninsistingB.hadinsistedC.wouldinsistD.insisted3.Asafetyanalysis()thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC.wouldhaveidentifiedD.willhaveidentified4.Jackwishesthathe()businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.studiedB.studyC.hadbeenstudyingD.hadstudied5.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild()tobedearly?A.goB.wentC.wouldgoD.goes6.Thattrainlookedasifit()foralongtime.A.hadn’tbeenwateredB.hasn’twateredC.didn’twaterD.wasn’twateredBBCD

BAExercisesforyou

7.Weareforyourproposalthatthediscussion().A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff8.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe()himself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure9.It’stime()aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.A.anythingwillbedoneB.everythingisdoneC.somethingwasdoneD.nothingtobedone10.LookattheterriblesituationI’min!IfonlyI()youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowedD.havefollowed11.Thebusinessofeachday,()sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.A.itbeingB.beitC.wasitD.itwas12.Rebecca()meearlierifshedidnotlikeherhousesheboughtlastmonth.A.toldB.wouldtellC.hadtoldD.wouldhavetoldACBBD1.如果我是你，我会更加努力地学习。IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.Translation:2.我昨天要是去看医生就好了。这样，我现在应该感觉好多了。IwishIhadgonetoseethedoctoryesterday.Ifso,Ishouldfeelbetternow.3.（如果）

没有因特网，生活将会很枯燥。WithoutInternet/IftherewerenoInternet,lifewouldbeveryboring.4.我明天如果有时间，我能帮你学英语的,但是我得参加一个重要会议。IcouldhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIhadtime,butIwillhavetoattendanimportantmeeting.5.如果我上周见着了史密斯先生，我就会已经告诉他这件事了。

IfIhadmetProfessorSmithlastweek,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.

1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.

A.wouldfinish

B.musthavefinished

C.wouldhavefinished

D.hadfinished

2.Tenminutesearlier,they___theplane.

A.willcatch

B.wouldcatch

C.wouldhavecaught

D.willhavecaught

3.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents___acompositioneveryotherweek.

A.write

B.writen

C.wouldwrite

D.willwrite

4.Hadhestudiedhard,he___theexam.

A.wouldpass

B.couldpass

C.hadpassed

D.wouldhavepassed

5.IwishI___whatishappeningthereinhisroom.

A.know

B.known

C.knew

D.shouldknow

6.Itisimportantthatyou___sportseveryday.

A.have

B.wouldhave

C.musthave

D.willhave

8.___whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.

A.HadIknown

B.IfI