第一讲 英语句子结构分析

华杰MBA:语法专题By:陈俊霞 第一讲英语句子结构分析教学重点：1：掌握五种基本句型2：了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。3：了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。第一讲英语句子结构分析句子的划分=1\*ROMANI.根据结构划分：=1\*GB3①简单句S+V（主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O（主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）=2\*GB3②并列句and,but,or=3\*GB3③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）=2\*ROMANII.根据功能划分：陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句=3\*ROMANIII.根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句一．陈述句（五种句型）Iamawebaholic.我是一个网虫。Chattingontheinternetisinteresting.我喜欢网上聊天。Internetdatinghurts.网恋有害。Ilikechattingonline.我喜欢网上聊天。Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。Wecancallinternetaddictsawebaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。主语谓语动词五种句型Iamawebaholic表语1.主+谓+表ChattingontheinternetisInteresting表语Internetdatinghurts2.主+谓IlikeChattingonline宾语3.主+谓+宾Chattingontheinternetbringsme间接宾语alotoffun直接宾语4.主+谓+间宾+直宾WecancallInternetaddicts宾语awebaholic宾语补足语5.主+谓+宾语+宾补=1\*ROMANI.常用作连系动词：=1\*GB3①变成,变得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\become口语化，如果要说就用它.口诀解读：Come一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。如：Dreamscometrue.梦想成真。Go一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。如：It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.

今天太热了，菜都馊了。Grow表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如：Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run与grow是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。如：Stillwaterrunsdeep.静水深流。Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。如：Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天气突然变热了。Inspringthetreesturngreen,theflowerscomeout.春天树变绿了，花开了。Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become相对正式些，其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如：Hegotangryonhearingthenews.听到这个消息，他变得很生气。总之，不管英语多么“变”化多端，万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流，所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词，才能真正掌握其内涵。系词be它有三，amisare，我（I）用am，you（你）用are，is用于他她它；单数is，复数are，认真做题不出差。（否句be后not加，疑问句，be句首，句尾？不要丢。）=2\*GB3②保持某种状态：Continue,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.=3\*GB3③看起来，好像：Appear,look,seem.=4\*GB3④感官动词：Feel,smell,sound,taste.=2\*ROMANII.代双宾语的动词````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:Helentsomemoneytome.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Motherboughtanewdressforme。类似的动词还有：build，choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后如：Richardmadeitforhim。理查德为他做的这个东西Giveittome。把它给我4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.IaskedJohn.我问约翰Iaskedaquestion.我问了一个问题IaskedJohnaquestion.我问了约翰一个问题5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Couldyouexplainyourpointofviewtous?=Couldyouexplaintousyourpointofview?6、易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物：Rob/stealsb.sth(错误）正确的说法：robsbofsth

stealsbfromsth.类似的还有：curesbofillness治愈某人疾病ridsbofsth从中除去（不好的东西）supplysbwithsth供给某人某物providesbwithsth给某人提供某物accusesbofsth控告某人某事cheatsbofsth骗取某人某物inform/advisesbofsth通知某人某事remindsbofsth是某人想起某事warnsbofsth警告某人某情况chargesbwithsth指责某人某事二．疑问句1.一般疑问句Isthisseattaken?Yes,itis/No,itisn’t.需要用yes或no来回答。语序一般为：助动词+主语+谓语？Practice：Haveyoubeenthere?_______________________Didn’tyoutellhimaboutityesterday?_________________2.特殊疑问句你什么时候开始学英语？When……YoubegantostudyEnglish.»DidyoubegintostudyEnglish?»»whendidyoubegintostudyEnglish?你在想什么？What……Somethingisinyourmind.»What’sinyourmind?小结：=1\*GB3①用who,what,where,which,when,why,how提问。=2\*GB3②语序：疑问词+一般疑问句或疑问词+谓语动词。MorePractice：Whattimeisconvenientforyou?你什么时候方便？What’sgoingonhere?发生了什么事？/回事？3.选择疑问句：Doyouliketeaor（doyoulike）coffee？Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?Whichicecreamwouldyoulike,chocolate,vanillaorstrawberry?提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。不用Yes或no来回答。反意疑问句附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。一般来说有两种形式：陈述肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。TheEmbarrassedMagician.Magician(toyoungsterhehascalleduponthestage):Now,myboy,youhaveneverseenmebefore,haveyou?Boy:NoDaddy.Youhavecompletedthatjob,haven’tyou?Youhavenotcompletedthatjob,haveyou?三．祈使句：用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。主语You常省略，只以动词原形开头。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。Stopbuggingme.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.Don’tgetmewrong.Let’sjusthavearest.Let’shopeforthebest.LetbygonesbebygonesMakehaywhilesunshines.四．感叹句：主要由what和how来引导。What结构主要有三种Whata(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分！Whatalovelyboyheis!B.What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！Whatfoolishmistakesyouhavemade.Whatniceweather(itis)!C.What+a(n)+可数名词单数！3.How结构主要有三种：A.How+形容词/副词+主谓部分Howlovelytheboyis!Howfastthetimeflies!B.How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分Howlovelyaboyheis!C.How+主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）HowIhateexam!我真烦考试！Howhesnores!他鼾声如雷！(二)practice1.分析下文划线句子的成分Twomenwerestandingatabar.Onemanturnedtotheotherandsaid,“I’llbetyou$100thatIcanbitemylefteye.”Thewager（赌注）wasaccepted,andthemanpoppedouthisglasseyeandbitit.“Now,”hesaid,”Iwillgiveyouachancetowinyourmoneyback.I’llbetyouanother$100thatIcanbitemyrighteye.”“hecan’thavetwoglasseyes,”Thoughttheotherman,andheplunked(重重甩下)downhismoney.Thenthefirstmantookouthisfalseteethandbithisrighteye.2.分析下列句子成分，并判断句子结构类型。Timefliesby.I’monadiet.Iownyouone.Itslippedmymind.Oldhabitsdiehard.Ienjoyyourcompany.Ican’tstandtheheat.Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.HespeaksEnglishwell.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Theyfoundthedeadboy.Theyfoundtheboydead.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifoundthebookeasy.TomfoundJimanapartment.WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.Shewillmakehimagoodwife.Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.3.分析下列句子中的双宾语，并试着用恰当的介词改写句子。Giveathiefenoughropeandhewillhanghimself._________________________________________________Canyourecommendmeagoodnovel?__________________________________________________Hebuiltthemahut.____________________________________________Heorderedhimselfabottledofchampagne.__________________________________________Willyouchoosemeaninterestingnovel?_______________________________________________Canyousparemeafewminutesofyourvaluabletime?_____________________________________________Jackdoesn’townmeanything.__________________________________________MayIaskyouafavor?____________________________________________Thatwillsaveyoualotoftime.___________________________________