2023届高考英语第一轮单元复习习题4

精品文档你我共享知识改变命运第一局部选修六Unit3Ⅰ.阅读理解eq\x(导学号01831088)(2023·山东省威海市二模)Run,swim,liftweights,doyoga—dosomething,becauseit'sgoodforyou.Manystudiestellusthatregularexercisenotonlyhelpsourbodiesbutimprovesmemory,andeasesanxiety.Butwhatishappeningtothemindduringworkouttocreateallthesebenefits?AnewstudyfromSwedensuggeststhataspecificproteinfoundintrainedmusclesmightcontributetoexercise'smentalbenefits.Thisprotein,theresearchersfound,mighthelpourbodiesprocessmoleculesthat,ifoutofbalance,canstressusandcontributetodepression(萎靡不振).ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalCell.Totestthis,theresearcherskeptattackingsomemicewithflashinglights,loudnoisesandinterruptingtheirsleepforweeks.Predictably,thistreatmentmakesthemiceshowsignsandbiochemicalmarkersofdepression.Butnotallthemiceshowedthosesigns.Onegroup,speciallyraisedtohavehighlevelsofaproteincalledPGC­1alpha1(theoneintrainedmuscles),didnotshowthosedepressionsigns.PGC­1alpha1increasesproductionofanenzymethatbreaksdownachemicalcalledkynurenine.Kynureninehelpsthebodyrespondtoanactivatedimmunesystem(活性免疫系统),butitalsoplaysaroleindepression.“Ouroriginalresearchassumptionwasthattrainedmusclewouldproduceasubstance(物质)withbeneficialeffectsonthebrain，〞JorgeRuasoftheKarolinskaInstitutetoldF.“Weactuallyfoundtheopposite:well­trainedmuscleproducesanenzymethatremovesharmfulsubstancesawayfromthebody.〞Thisstudywasinmice,butitlinesupnicelywithalltheotherlinesofevidencethatexerciseisgoodformentalhealth.文章大意：体育锻炼有益身心健康，但是我们的大脑在锻炼过程中发生了什么变化从而有益于我们的身心的呢？本文给出了答案：锻炼的肌肉中产生了一种enzyme物质，它带走了我们身体里的有害物质。1．Accordingtothestudy,whichofthefollowingisbadforyourmentalhealth?A．Protein. B．Molecule.C．Enzyme. D．Kynurenine.答案：D细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话“...butitalsoplaysaroleindepression.〞可知，Kynurenine会造成我们心情萎靡不振。该题易误选B项，由第二段倒数第二句话“moleculesthat,ifoutofbalance,canstressusandcontributetodepression(萎靡不振)〞可知，该物质本身无害，只有当它在身体内失衡时才有害，所以不选。2．Whatconclusionhavetheresearchersdrawnfromthestudy?A．Unbalancedexerciseleadsyoutodepression.B．Well­fedmicesurvivebetterthoughbeingill­treated.C．Trainedmuscleproducesasubstancegoodforbrain.D．Regularexercisehelpstoclearrubbishawayfrombody.答案：D细节理解题。由第五段最后一句话“...well­trainedmuscleproducesanenzymethatremovesharmfulsubstancesawayfromthebody...〞可知。3．Accordingtothelastparagraph,theresultofthestudyis________.A．reliable B．doubtfulC．predictable D．ambiguous答案：A推理判断题。该研究是在老鼠身上做的，但是它与其他研究非常吻合，所以该研究结果是可信的。4．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Whydoyouneedregularexercise?B．Whatmattersmostforyourbody?C．Howdoesexercisehelpyourbrain?D．Whyaremicechosenforthestudy?答案：C主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。Ⅱ.七选五eq\x(导学号01831089)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余项。(2023·北京市东城区第二学期综合练习一)Anxietyisyourmentalwatchman.Itsfixedpatternistosearchforwhatmaybeabouttogowrong.Itcontinually,andwithoutyourconsciouspermission,scansyourlife,evenwhenyouareasleep,indreamsandnightmares.__1__Whenitfindsone,itworriesit.Alongwithdepressionandanger,anxietyisoneofthebadfacesofworries.__2__Controlledbyanxiety,youwillfeelalackofsecurityandconfidence.Whenanxietyissevereandpained,itcanbeasignofadisorder,suchaspanicorterror.Althoughanxietyseemstohaveabiologicalbasis,itishabit­formingformanyofus.Someofouranxiousfeelingsareinfactwastedenergy.Anxietyhasgottenoutofhandwhenitispointlessandrepeated.Whenyouarefacedwithaproblematwork,beforetakingatest,ormakinganimportantdecision,youwillfeelanxious.Whenyouarecontrolledbyanxiety,youareunabletocontrolyouremotions(情感)tothepointofitchangingyourdailyroutineandhabits.__3__Oryoufindyouareusuallyanxiousatworkoraroundyourfamily.Attimes,youshouldlistentothemessageofyournegativeemotions,asuncomfortableastheymaybe,andchangeyouroutwardliferatherthanyouremotionallife.__4__Ifyouareworriedaboutthedangersofyourbrother'snewhobby,skydiving,perhapsyououghttotellhimso.Takingactionmayrelieveyouranxiety.__5__Bylearningtostopalwaysseekingguarantee,notonlycanyoustarttoundotheautomaticcycleofanxiety,butalsoyoulearnthatyoucanmanagejustfinewithouttheneedforconstantguarantee.Thisinturncreatesasenseofself­confidenceandself­respect,whichisvitaltoovercomeanxiety.A．Forthesepeople,sayingNOtoothersisoftenofmuchanxiety.B．Itreviewsyourwork,yourlove,yourplay,untilitfindsanimperfection.C．Comparinganxietywithdepressionhelpstodiscusspossiblecuresforanxiety.D．Thesethreecommonemotionsareconsideredthecauseofmostmentalillnesses.E．Ifthatdoesn'twork,thenit'stimetodealwithanyautomaticthoughtsinyourself.F．Ifyouareanxiousaboutthework,youmightgettotheofficeanhourearliereveryday.G．Youfindyourselfwakingupanxious,goingthroughthedayanxiousandgoingtobedanxious.文章大意：本文是说明文。该文章主要告诉我们如何摆脱焦虑这种情绪。1．B根据前文的gowrong和B项中的imperfection和下文的worries判断。应选B项。2．D根据前句的depressionandanger,anxiety和D中的threecommonemotions。应选D。3．G根据前句unabletocontrolyouremotions(情感)和G中的anxious判断。故G正确。4．F根据前文的negativeemotions,uncomfortable和changeyouroutwardlife以及F中的anxiousaboutthework,youmightgettotheofficeanhourearliereveryday判断。故F正确。5．E根据前文的Takingactionmayrelieveyouranxiety和下文的Bylearningtostopalwaysseekingguarantee和E中dealwithanyautomaticthoughtsinyourself判断。应选E。Ⅲ.语法填空eq\x(导学号01831090)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023·辽宁省重点中学协作体三模)Ihaveadaughterwhojustenteredthe7thgrade,whichisknowninourarea__1__oneofthemostawkwardandsociallydifficultyearsforgirls.Ididnotwantmydaughtertobesomeonewhodidthingsjusttobepopular__2__apersonconfidentinherownshoesandfollowingherownlikes.IhavedoneactivitiesforAwkwardYearsProjectfor__3__website.Manywomenwriteabitaboutthemselvesduringthe__4__(embarrass)partoftheirlives—howtheirlifewasandhowit'susedout,alwaysapositiveinspiration.Mydaughterandherfriendslovecheckingthewebsiteanddiscuss__5__(happy)howtheyrecognizethewomenwhohaveshared.__6__sharedabouttheendofthe5thgradewhenmymotherconvincedmetocutmyhairshort...Oh,itturnedoutterriblyawfuljustbeforeIstartedmiddleschool!I__7__(run)awayatafewteases.Butmanyyearslater,Irealizedthatitmademe__8__(draw)topeoplewhobecamemyfriendsbecauseofwhoIwasandnot__9__Ilookedlikeand...themtowardsme,forthesamereason!Ialsobecameamomwhorespectedherdaughter'slikesandgradedhertowards__10__(decide)butneverforcedthemonher,especiallyonesthathadnoeffectonthetypeofpersonshewouldbe.1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______文章大意：这篇文章主要表达了自己教育女儿的心得体会，让孩子自由成长，不强加给孩子一些压力。1．命题立意：考查介词。答案：as根据beknownas作为……而闻名。判断填as。2．命题立意：考查连词。答案：but根据空后是名词aperson与前文的someone是转折关系，作be的表语。故填but。3．命题立意：考查冠词。答案：a根据句意：我为一家网站做……。故填a。4．命题立意：考查形容词。答案：embarrassing根据空后的part判断应填embarrass的­ing形式，意为“令人为难的〞，故填embarrassing。5．命题立意：考查副词。答案：happily空前是动词discuss，应用副词修饰。因此答案填happily。6．命题立意：考查代词。答案：I根据前文，是作者自己在分享……。故填I。7．命题立意：考查时态。答案：ran根据整个语境应填一般过去时。故填ran。8．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。答案：drawn根据空前的me是draw的动作承受者，应用过去分词作made的宾语补足语。可知填drawn。9．命题立意：考查名词性从句。答案：what根据空后的宾语从句缺少like的宾语，故填what。10．命题立意：考查名词。答案：decisions根据空前是介词towards，应用名词形式，decision是可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式，故填decisions。Ⅳ.短文改错eq\x(导学号01831091)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2023·开封市5月模拟)Lastweek,whenwelearnedthenewword“slovenly〞，weaskedtomakeasentencewithit.Ivolunteeredtodoitbysaying“Mydeskmateisaslovenlygirlwhoclothesneverfither.〞Hearingthis,awholeclassburstintolaughterandmydeskmatefaceturnedred.Afterclass,Ilearnedupfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifshehadn'tbeenhelpedwithothers.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimdeeply.NotuntilthendoIrealizewordscouldbepowerfullyinbothpositiveandnegativeways.Weshouldavoidhurtothersifourwordsarenotencouraging.答案：Lastweek,whenwelearnedthenewword“slovenly〞，weeq\o(∧,\s\do10(were))askedtomakeasentencewithit.Ivolunteeredtodoitbysaying“Mydeskmateisaslovenlygirleq\o(who,\s\do10(whose))clothesneverfither.〞Hearingthis,eq\o(a,\s\do10(the))wholeclassburstintolaughterandmyeq\o(deskmate,\s\do10(deskmate's))faceturnedred.Afterclass,Ilearnedupfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifshehadn'tbeenhelpedeq\o(with,\s\do10(by))others.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurteq\o(him,\s\do10(her))deeply.Notunti