非谓语动词讲解(超全)

高二升高三英语主讲Linda资中校区地址：资中县邮政花园（新二中对面）电话质成就品牌，品牌铸就奇迹第25页共25页非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词:a.动词不定式b.动名词c.分词(现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.进行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.被动式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

_it__

better

__to_

start

early.2.Do

you

consider

_it__

better

not

_to_

go?3.

I

feel

_it_

my

duty

_to_

change

all

that.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.III.作宾语补足语1.I’ll

get

someone

_to__

repair

the

recorder

for

you.2.What

caused

him

_to__

change

his

mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish

,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三让），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定语

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（写）V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词一.动名词的基本构成

主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主语）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表语）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting常见的动词有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.短语:be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing____(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons主动表被动:①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themethodneeds_improving__(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire__mending___(mend).④Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分词（一）分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1．作定语Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun？2．作表语Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3．作宾语补足语Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4．作状语Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式beingdone被动完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。with+复合宾语结构（1）with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.（2）with+名词/代词+副词Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.（3）with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.（4）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.（5）with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名词/代词+-en分词Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.【2012全国卷II】⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim. A.hoping B.tohope C.hoped D.havinghoped【答案】A【2012全国卷II】⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon. A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched【答案】A【2012安徽】24.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked【答案】B【2012安徽】30.Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked【答案】B【2012重庆】23.______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked【答案】A【2012重庆】28.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】A【2012全国】28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit【答案】A【2012全国】32.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto【答案】D【2012北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.corrects B.correct C.tocorrect D.correcting【答案】D【2012北京】27._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse【答案】C【2012北京】31.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.Knock B.Knocking C.Knocked D.Toknock【答案】A【2012福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked【答案】C【2012福建】34.Pressedfromhisparents,and____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized【答案】A【2012陕西】15._______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand【答案】A【2012陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_____anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet【答案】D【2012山东】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told【答案】A【2012山东】35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_____.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide【答案】B【2012湖南】21.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo【答案】C【2012湖南】23.Time,______correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use【答案】B【2012湖南】31.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【2012天津】11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,______thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft【答案】C【2012江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_____tothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken【答案】C【2012江西】35.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter_____himit.A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered【答案】B【2012辽宁】25.Theoldcoupleoftentak