John Keats 英国诗人济慈

JohnKeats(1795-1821)

2021/5/911.LifeandCareerBorninLondon,thesonofalivery-stableownerEducatedattheClarke’sSchoolwherehisfirstinclinationtowardpoetrywasinitiatedHisfatherdiedwhenhewasnineandhismotherdiedwhenhewasfifteen.ApprenticedtoasurgeonandapothecaryandstudiedmedicineatGuy’sHospitalinLondon2021/5/92JohnKeats2021/5/93Becamealicensedapothecaryin1816,butturnedtodevotehimselftopoetryPublishedhisfirstimportantpoem“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”in1816inHunt’spaper,theExaminerThereviewersofBlackwood’sMagazine,theQuarterlyReviewandtheBritishCriticlaunchedsavageattacksonKeats,declaringEndymiontobesheernonsense,recommendingthatKeatsgiveuppoetryandgobacktothechemist’s

2021/5/94JohnKeats2021/5/95Griefsandtroublescrowdedinuponhim:hisdearlylovedbrother,Tom,died;hewasintroubleaboutmoney;hebecameillwithtuberculosis;hefellinlovebutcouldnotmarrytheonehelovedduetohispovertyandpoorhealth.Itwasthisyearningandsufferingthatquickenedhismaturityandaddedanewdimensiontohispoetry.

2021/5/96From1818to1820,Keatsreachedthesummitofhispoeticcreation.Thethirdandbestofhisvolumesofpoetry,Lamia,Isabella,TheEveofSt.Agnes,andOtherPoems,waspublishedin1820.KeatswenttoRometoseekawarmclimateforthewinterinthefallof1820HediedthereonFebruary23,1821,andwasburiedintheProtestantcemetery.2021/5/97Keats’sgraveinRome2021/5/982.

PointsofViewKeatsisamoderateradical,hasgreatsympathyforthepoor.Hebelievesthatpoetryisareleasefrommisery,avehicletoparadise.Themissionofpoetryistoworkforthewelfareofthepeople.Themessagecarriedinhispoetryisthelastingpowerofbeautyanditsunionwithtruth.2021/5/992021/5/9103.MajorWorks“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”(1816)Endymion(1817)Lamia,Isabella,TheEveofSt.Agnes,andOtherPoems(1820)TheFallofHyperion

2021/5/911OdesOdeonIndolenceOdetoPsycheOdetoaNightingaleOdeonaGrecianUrnOdeonMelancholyToAutumn2021/5/9122021/5/9134.SpecialFeaturesThemythicworldoftheancientGreeceandtheEnglishpoetryoftheRenaissanceperiodprovideKeatswiththemostimportantimaginativeresources.Hisrealizationoftheempathicpoweroftheimaginationisofthegreatestconsequencetohisworkandisafacultywhichleadshimtohismostprofoundinsights.2021/5/914Hispoetryischaracterizedby:exactandcloselyknitconstruction,sensualdescriptions,andtheforceofimagination,Hispoetrygivestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.2021/5/9152021/5/9162021/5/9175.“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”KeatswassomovedbythepowerandalivenessofChapman'stranslationofHomerthathewrotethissonnet--afterspendingallnightreadingHomerwithafriend.ThepoemexpressestheintensityofKeats'sexperience;italsorevealshowpassionatelyhecaredaboutpoetry.2021/5/918Homer2021/5/919AsaPetrarchanorItaliansonnet,"OnFirstLookingintoChapman'sHomer"fallsintotwoparts—anoctet(eightlines)andasestet(sixlines).TheoctetdescribesKeats'sreadingexperiencebeforereadingChapman'stranslationandthesestetcontrastshisexperienceofreadingit.

2021/5/920“OdetoaNightingale”2021/5/921Nightingale2021/5/9226.“OdetoaNightingale”

Stanza1beginswiththepoet'sexpressionofafeelingofdullness.Thepoetfeelsasifdruggedbythe"full-throatedeast"ofthebird'ssong.Instanza2,thepoetcallsforadrinkofwine,creatingimagesofthewarmsouthofFrance,wherewinesaremade.Hegivesadetaileddescriptionofhowthewinelooksasonedrinksit.Wine,hesays,mightallowhimtoescapefromtheworldintothedimforestrealmofthenightingale.2021/5/9232021/5/924Stanza3describestheworldfromwhichKeatlongstoescape,aworldfullofsicknessandsorrow.Healludestohisbrother’sdeath:"youthgrowspale,andspectra-thin,anddies."Stanza4beginswiththecry"Away!"Keatsrejectswineandpreferstotravelbymeansoftheimaginationonthe"wingsofPoesy."Heimaginesthatheisalreadywiththenightingaleinthedarksky.2021/5/9252021/5/926Instanza5,thepoet,"inembalmeddarkness,"letshisimaginationtellwhatflowerssurroundhim.Hefeelsisolatedfromthegriefoftheworld.Instanza6,thefeelingofbeingembalmedbecomesawishfordeath.Thepoethaslongedfordeathbefore.Thisseemstobetheperfectmomenttodie,whilethenightingaleissinging.But,havingreachedthispoint,thepoetrealizesthat,oncedead,hecouldnolongerhearthebird'ssong.Hewouldbemerely"asod,"aclumpofearthwithoutfeelings.2021/5/9272021/5/928Instanza7,Keatsturnsbacktotheideaoflife.Thenightingaleseemstoliveeternallybecauseitssongisthesamenowasitwasinancientdays.PerhapsthebiblicalRuth,forexample,heardthenightingale'ssongasshegatheredgraininthefields.Instanza8,asthenightingale'ssongfadesinthedistance,Keatsagainbecomesawareofhisownsituation.Theimaginativeescapeisover,heevaluateswhathashappened,asking,"Wasitavision,orawakingdream?"2021/5/9292021/5/930Theodere-enactstheemotionalexperienceofaflightofimagination.Thepoetlongedforescape,rejectingdrugsandwineinfavorofthecombinedeffectofthenightingale'ssongandhisownimagination.Hereachedapointoflongingforoblivionandthenturnedback.Heendsbyponderingthenatureofhisownflight.2021/5/931Amajorconcernin"OdetoaNightingale"isKeats'sperceptionoftheconflictednatureofhumanlife,i.e.,theinterconnectionormixtureofpain/joy,intensityoffeeling/numbnessoffeeling,life/death,mortal/immortal,theactual/theideal,andseparation/connection.2021/5/932Keatsdescribesanout-of-bodyexperience,ora"near-death"experience.AtypicalOBEbeginswhensensoryinputisdisrupted,sometimesbydrugs.Themindthenfeelsitselffloatupwardsoutofthebodytoaheightthathasbeentermed"bird's-eye"ortree-high.Experiencingitselfbeingdividedintotwo,orhavingadissociateddou