英语考级-2022.06四级真题第2套

2022年06月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouaregoingtowriteaproposaltoyourstudentunionforenrichingstudents'extracurricularactivities.Youaretowriteaboutwhatactivitiestoorganizeandwhy.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)淘宝店铺：【右右文化】温馨提示：2022年6月英语四级考试实考1套听力，本套听力内容与第1套完全一致，只是选项顺序不同，故而未重复给出。PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections;Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou'veeverlookedattheingredientslistwhilegroceryshopping,chancesareyou'veseentheterm"naturalflavors”.Buthaveyoutakena26toconsiderwhatthesenaturalflavorsactuallyare?Mostofusmightthinkthat"naturalflavors,,are,well,naturallygoodforus.ArecentstudyinthejournalAppetitefoundthatwhentheword"natural"appearsonpackaging,people27thatthefoodwithinisindeedhealthier.Intruth,naturalflavorsdonot28much,atleastchemicallyspeaking,fromtheirflavor-boosting29:artificialflavors.Bothcanbemadeinalabbytrainedflavorists,butartificialflavorsusechemicalstogiveaproducta30smellortaste.Naturalflavorscomefromplantoranimal31,likefruit,vegetable,meat,fishormilkthatisthenprocessedorrefinedinsomeway.Inshort,naturalflavorsare32fromplantsandanimalstocreatespecificflavorsforprocessedfoods.Butthatdoesnot33makeiteasiertotellwhatisreallyinyourfood.BecausetheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasnot34theterm,companiescanuseittorefertoprettymuchanythingderivedfromaplantoranimal.Andnaturalflavorscanalsoincludeavarietyofchemicaladditives,suchaspreservatives.TheFDAdoesn'trequirecompaniestorevealwhatadditionalchemicalsaspecificitem35.Soifyouwanttoknowforcertainwhatyou'regettingwithyourgroceries,youmightwanttosticktothefarmer'smarket.A)acknowledgeI)impliesB)chanceJ)necessarilyC)containsK)particularD)counterpartsL)perceiveE)definedM)secondF)differN)sourcesG)especiallyO)strangeH)extractedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FakeholidayvillawebsitespromptwarningDuringtheBritishwinter,thethoughtoftwoweeksinacoastalvilla(别墅)withsoul-stirringviewsoftheseaandahugepooltoenjoyisenoughtooffset(抵消)thelaboruntiltheholidaysstart.Foragrowingnumberofpeople,however,theiryearlybreakisturningintoanightmareastheyfindthatthepropertytheyhavepaidthousandsfordoesnotexistandthewebsitethroughwhichtheybookedithasdisappeared.Consumershavebeenwarnedtobeawareofthepotentialfordeceptioninthismarket,whichisfarfromuncommon.In2017therewere1,632casesofreported'"villafraud(诈骗），withvictimslosinganaverageof£2,052,accordingtoActionFraud,thenationalcenterforreportingsuchfrauds."'Millionsofpoundsarelosteachyearbydefraudedholidaymakers,saysSeanTiptonoftheAssociationofBritishTravelAgents(ABTA).Theproblemhasballoonedinthelast10years,withfraudsbecomingmoreandmoresophisticated.Thefakewebsiteshaveauthentic-soundingnamesinvolvingamixofkeywords,typicallyincludingtheplacename,“summer",“villas"or"rentals".Detailsoflegitimate(合法的)villasareoftenstolenfromothersites."Whenthefraudstersfirststarteditwasunsophisticated一thewebsiteslookedamateurandtherewasn'talotofeffort,"saysTipton."Nowtheyareclever.Theyextensivelyripofflegitimatewebsitesanduseadifferentwebsitename.They911havepicturesofasalesteamanditmightbeapooractorinNewYorkthatisdownastheirheadofsales."FraudsterstargetpopularseasidedestinationsforBritishtouristsvisitingSpainwherepricescansoarifdemandexceedssupply.Pricesarekeptwithinreasonablerangestoavoidarousingsuspicion."Avillamightcost£5,000elsewhereandtheywillofferitatsay£3,500.Butabitofagiveawayisthatthevillawillbecheaperthanonotherwebsitesandthere'sunlimitedavailability,saysTipton.Fraudstersalsoinvestinpay-per-clickadvertisingtofeatureatthetopofsearchengineswhenpeopletypeinphrasessuchas"Spanishseasidevillas".Withsuchadegreeofprofessionalism,howcanconsumersfindoutifthewebsitethey'relookingtobookwithistrustworthy?"Whenpeoplebookholidayvillastheyaredoingsothroughrose-coloredglasses,"saysTonyNeate,chiefexecutiveofGetSafeOnline,“TheyshouldbeGooglingtheproperty,andlookingonwebsiteslikeGoogleMapsandStreetViewtoseeifit'sthere.Also,speaktothepersonyou'rebookingthevillawithonalandlinephone,asfraudsterstendtoonlyusemobiles.,,Healsosuggestsaskingsomeonenotgoingontheholidaytohavealookatthewebsite."Theymightspotproblemsyoudon'tspot."Anotherpotentialredflagisbeingaskedtopaybybanktransfer."Theproblemisthatwhenthemoneyleavesyouraccountit'sintheirsstraightawayandit'sveryhardtotrackit,"saysBarclaysBankheadofdigitalsafety,JodieGilbert.ccWegenerallyrecommendotherformsofpayment,likecreditcard."Littleseemstobeknownaboutthesefraudsters,“Thereisnowaytodefinitelyknowwhotheyare,,,saysNeate.Ttcouldbeanyone.Itcouldbeyournext-doorneighborororganizedcrimeinRussia.,,ActionFraudsayspeopleshouldensurethecompanyrentingthevillaisamemberofarecognizedtradebodysuchasABTA.“ByworkingwithindustrypartnerssuchasABTAandGetSafeOnline,weareabletoissuealertsaboutthelatestthreatstheyshouldbeawareof.Ifyoubelieveyouhavefallenvictimtofraudorcyber-crime,pleasereportittoActionFraud,"itadds.ABTAsaysitistryingtocombattheissuebyrunningpublicawarenesscampaigns."It'sagrowingproblemandpeoplecan'tstopfraudstersbeingdishonest/9saysTipton.“They'restillgoingtodoit.It'snotimpossibletostopbutasit'sinternet-basedit'shardertopursue.,,NickCooper,thefounderandco-ownerofvillabookingcompanyVillaPlus,estimateshiscompanyhasuncoveredmorethan200fakevillawebsitesoverthepasttwoyears,anddoesn'tbelieveenoughisbeingdone."Itishopelesstoreportfakevillawebsitestotheinternetgiantswhohostthem,,,hesays."Ifounditimpossibletospeaktoanyone.Also,onceonebankaccountgetsreported,theysimplyuseanother.^^Fornowtheonlywaytostopfraudstersappearsultimatelytolieinthehandsoftheconsumer."Whenpeoplebooktheirholidaystheygetsoemotionallyinvolved,andwhentheyfindthatvillaatagoodpricewithavailabilityinpeakseason,theyareaneasytarget,"saysCooper."Thepublichastolearntobefarmoreawaretheyareatargetforthesesortoffrauds.,,Butit'snotjustthefinancialcost."Afamilywillturnupatavillaandfindoutitdoesn'texistortheownerdoesn'tknowwhoyouare,,,saysTipton."Theproblemthenisyouhavetofindaccommodationatshortnotice.Itcanbeincrediblyexpensivebutit'stheemotionalcost,too."CarlaO9ShaughnessyfromSydenhamwassearchinglastyearforagooddealtobookavillainMajorcaforasummerbreakfbrthefamily."Iwascomparingpricesonlineandfoundonethatcameinabitcheaperthanothers/9saysO9Shaughnessy.Sheemailedthecompanyviaitswebsite,askinghowfarthevillawasfromtheairportandaboutlocalrestaurants."Theycamebackwithbelievableanswers;itwasallveryfriendlyandprofessional,shesays.Happywiththeresponses,O9Shaughnessypaidthefullamountof£3,000viabanktransferintothetravelagent'saccountandthenforgotaboutituntilamonthbeforethebooking.“Itriedloggingontothewebsiteandcouldn't,"sherecalls."IGoogledtheagent'snameandtherewerelotsofcomplaintsabouthimbeingafraudster.IfonlyI'dGoogledbeforebutIneverthoughtofit."Althoughshefoundanothervillaintimefortheirholiday,sheadmitsshewasmuchmorecautious."Ipaidthroughasecurethird-partysiteandhadphoneconversationswiththeagent.ButIwasn'tabletorelaxuntilweturnedupandIhadthekeys.,,Fraudstersoftenstealvilla-bookinginformationfromauthenticholidaywebsites.Fraudsterskeepchangingtheirbankaccountstoavoidbeingtracked.Itissuggestedthatpeoplenotgoingontheholidaymighthelpdetectwebsitefrauds.MoreandmoreBritishholidaymakersfindtheseasidevillastheybookedonlineactuallynonexistent.Bycheckinganagent9snameonlinebeforebookingavilla,holidaymakerscanavoidfallingintotraps.Fraudstersaredifficulttoidentify,accordingtoanonlinesafetyexpert.Holidaymakershavebeenalertedtothefrequentoccurrenceofonlinevilla-bookingfrauds.Itisholidaymakersthatcanprotectthemselvesfromfallingvictimtofrauds.Holidaymakersareadvisednottomakepaymentsbybanktransfer.Fraudstersadvertisetheirvillasatreasonablepricessoasnottobesuspected.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorUYifinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Socialmediacanbeapowerfulcommunicationtoolforemployees,helpingthemtocollaborate,shareideasandsolveproblems.Researchhasshownthat82%ofemployeesthinksocialmediacanimproveworkrelationshipsand60%believeitcansupportdecision-makingprocesses.Thesebeliefscontributetoamajorityofworkersconnectingwithcolleaguesonsocialmedia,evenduringworkhours.Employerstypicallyworrythatsocialmediaisaproductivitykiller;morethanhalfofU.S.employersreportedlyblockaccesstosocialmediaatwork.Inmyresearchwith277employeesofahealthcareorganizationIfoundtheseconcernstobemisguided.Socialmediadoesn'treduceproductivitynearlyasmuchasitkillsemployeeretention.InthefirstpartofthestudyIsurveyedtheemployeesaboutwhyandhowtheyusedplatformslikeFacebook,Twitter,orLinkedln.Respondentswerethenaskedabouttheirworkbehaviors,includingwhethertheyfeltmotivatedintheirjobsandshowedinitiativeatwork.Ifoundemployeeswhoengageinonlinesocialinteractionswithco-workersthroughsocialmediablogstendtobemoremotivatedandcomeupwithinnovativeideas.Butwhenemployeesinteractwithindividualsoutsidetheorganization,theyarelessmotivatedandshowlessinitiative.InthesecondpartofthestudyIfound76%ofemployeesusingsocialmediaforworktookaninterestinotherorganizationstheyfoundonsocialmedia.WhenIexaminedhowrespondentsexpressedopennesstonewcareersandemployers,Ifoundthattheyengagedinsomekeyactivitiesincludingresearchingneworganizationsandmakingnewworkconnections.Thesefindingspresentadilemmaformanagers:employeesusingsocialmediaatworkaremoreengagedandmoreproductive,buttheyarealsomorelikelytoleaveyourcompany.Managersshouldimplementsolutionsthatneutralizetheretentionriskcausedbysocialmedia.Theycancreatesocialmediagroupsinwhichemployeeswillbemorelikelytocollaborateandlesslikelytosharewithdrawalintentionsordiscussionsaboutexternaljobopportunities.Managerscanalsousesocialmediatodirectlyreduceturnover(跳槽)intentions,byrecognizingemployees9accomplishmentsandgivingvisibilitytoemployees9successstories.Whatdoespreviousresearchaboutsocialmediareveal?Mostemployeesthinkpositivelyofit.Itimprovesemployees9workefficiency.Itenablesemployeestoformconnections.Employeesspendmuchoftheirworktimeonit.Whatdidtheauthor'sownresearchfindaboutsocialmedia?Itinfluencesemployees9worknegatively.Itdoesmuchharmtoemployeeloyalty.Itkillsemployees9motivationforwork.Itaffectsemployers9decision-making.Whatdidtheauthorfindinhisstudyabouttheeffectofonlinesocialinteractions?Itdiffersfromemployeetoemployee.Ittendstovarywiththeplatformused.Ithasmuchtodowithwhomemployeesinteractwith.Itishardtomeasurewhenemployeesinteractwithoutsiders.Whatproblemwasfoundwithemployeesusingsocialmediaforwork?Theyseldomexpressedtheirinnerthoughts.Mostofthemexplorednewjobopportunities.Theywerereluctanttocollaboratewithothers.Manyofthemendedwithlowerproductivity.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestmanagersdotoneutralizetheretentionrisk?Givepromotionstoemployeesfortheiraccomplishments.2022年06月英语四级真题第2套第5页共7页Createopportunitiesforemployeestosharesuccessstories.Acknowledgeemployees9achievementsthroughsocialmedia.Encourageemployeestoincreasetheirvisibilityonsocialmedia.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecomingeraofbudgetcutstoeducation,distancelearningcouldbecomethenorm.Thetemptationforthoseinchargeofeducationbudgetstotradeteachersfortechnologycouldbesostrongthattheyignorethedisadvantagesofdistancelearning.Schoolfacilitiesareexpensivetobuildandmaintain,andteachersareexpensivetoemploy.Onlineclassesdonotrequirebuildingsandeachclasscanhosthundredsofpeoplesimultaneously,resultingingreatersavings,thusincreasingthetemptationofdistanceeducationforthoseconcernedmoreaboutbudgetsthanlearning.Butmovingawayfromatraditionalclassroominwhichaliving,breathinghumanbeingteachesandinteractswithstudentsdailywouldbeadisaster.Physicallyattendingschoolhashiddenbenefits:gettingupeverymorning,interactingwithpeers,andbuildingrelationshipswithteachersareessentialskillstocultivateinyoungpeople.Moreover,schoolsshouldbemorethansimpleinstitutionsoftraditionallearning.Theyarenowplacesthatprovidemeals.Theyareplaceswherestudentsreceivecounselingandothersupport.Thosepolicy-makersareoftenfascinatedbythelatesttechnologyineducationanditspotentialto"transform"educationovernight.Butonlineeducationdoesnotallowateachertokeepastrugglingstudentafterclassandofferhelp.Educationalvideosmaydeliveracademiccontent,buttheyareunabletomakeeyecontactorassessastudent'slevelofengagement.Distanceeducationwillnevermatchthepersonalteachinginatraditionalclassroom.Intheirfirst18yearsoflife,Americanchildrenspendonly9%oftheirtimeinschool.Yetteachersareexpectedtopreparethemtoberesponsiblecitizens,cultivatetheirsocialskills,encouragesuccessfultimemanagement,andenhancetheircapacitytoflourishinanincreasinglyharshlabormarket.Giventheseexpectations,schoolsshouldnotbecomeper