英语考级-2020年12月六级真题（第2套）

机密*启用前大学英语六级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2020年12月第2套)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonwhystudentsshouldbeencouragedtoeffectivecommunicationskills.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1. A)Adrivingtest. C)Trafficroutes. B)Avideogame. D)Cargologistics.2. A)Hefounditinstructiveandrealistic. B)HeboughtitwhentouringEurope. C)Hewasreallydrawntoitsotherversions. D)Heintroducedittohisbrotherlastyear.3. A)Travelingalloverthecountry. B)Drivingfromonecitytoanother. C)Thedetailsinthedrivingsimulator. D)Thekeyroleofthelogisticsindustry.4. A)Clearerroadsigns. B)Morepeopledrivingsafely. C)Strictertrafficrules. D)Moreself-drivingtrucksontheroad.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5. A)Itisn’tsoenjoyableasheexpected. B)Itisn’tsomotivatingashebelieved. C)Itdoesn’tenablehimtoearnasmuchmoneyasheusedto. D)Itdoesn’tseemtoofferasmuchfreedomasheanticipated.6. A)Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees’behaviors. B)Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees’feelings. C)Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees. D)Notallofthemknowhowtomotivatetheiremployees.7. A)Jobsatisfaction. C)Autonomy. B)Self-awareness. D)Money.8. A)Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients. B)Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers. C)Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment. D)Thewaytoexploreemployees’interestsandtalents.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9. A)Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather. B)Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping. C)weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior. D)Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.10. A)Activeconsumption. C)Individualassociation. B)Directcorrelation. D)Mentalvisualization.11. A)Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas. B)Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice. C)Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice. D)Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12. A)Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable. B)Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity. C)Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks. D)Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.13. A)Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity. B)Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures. C)Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers. D)Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.14. A)Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork. B)Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable. C)Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency. D)Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.15. A)Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures. B)Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges. C)Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes. D)Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16. A)Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled. B)Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective. C)Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative. D)Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.17. A)Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing. B)Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being. C)Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless. D)Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.18. A)Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively. B)Itwenthandinhandwithsadness. C)Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions. D)Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19. A)Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking. B)Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably. C)Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape. D)Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.20. A)Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities. B)Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion. C)Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit. D)Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.21. A)Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant. B)Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity. C)Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion. D)Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22. A)Jobcandidatesrarelytakeitseriously. B)Jobseekerstendtohaveareadyanswer. C)Jobseekersoftenfeelatalosswheretostartinansweringit. D)Jobcandidatescanrespondfreelyduetoitsopen-endednature.23. A)Followtheircareercoaches’guidelines. B)Strivetotakecontroloftheirnarrative. C)Dotheirbesttoimpresstheinterviewer. D)Repeattheinformationontheirresume.24. A)Toreflectontheirpastachievementsaswellasfailures. B)Toproduceexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions. C)Todiscussimportantdetailstheyaregoingtopresent. D)Toidentifyabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateon.25. A)Gettingacquaintedwiththehumanresourcespersonnel. B)Findingoutwhythecompanyprovidesthejobopening. C)Figuringoutwhatbenefitsthecompanyisabletoofferthem. D)Tailoringtheirexpectationstothecompany’slong-termgoal.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Virtuallyeveryactivitythatentailsorfacilitatesin-personhumaninteractionseemstobeinthemidstofatotalmeltdownasthecoronavirus(冠状病毒)outbreakerasesAmericans’desiretotravel.Amtraksaysbookingsaredown50percentandcancelationsareup300percent.HotelsinSanFranciscoareexperiencing26ratesbetween70and80percent.BroadwaygoesdarkonThursdaynight.Universities,nowemptyingtheircampuses,havenevertriedonlinelearningonthis27_.White-collarcompanieslikeAmazon,Apple,andtheNewYorkTimesareaskingemployeestoworkfromhomeforthe28future.Butwhathappensafterthecoronavirus?Insomeways,theansweris:Alltheoldnormalstuff.Thepandemic(大流行病)willtakelives,29economiesanddestroyroutines,butitwillpass.Americanswillneverstopgoingtobasketballgames.Theywon’tstopgoingonvacation.They’llmeettodobusiness.Nodecentralizingtechnologysofar—nottelephones,nottelevision,andnottheinternet—hasdentedthathumandesiretoshakehands,despitetechnologists’30tothecontrary.Yettherearerealreasonstothinkthatthingswillnotreturntothewaytheywerelastweek.Small31createsmallsocietalshifts;bigoneschangethingsforgood.TheNewYorktransitstrikeof1980is32withpromptingseverallong-termchangesinthecity,includingbusandbikelanes,andwomenwearingsportsshoestowork.TheSpanishflupandemicof1918promptedthedevelopmentofnationalhealthcareinEurope.Hereandnow,thismightnotevenbeaquestionof33.It’snotclearthatthecruiseindustrywill34.Orthatpublictransitwon’tgobrokewithout35assistance.Theinfrastructuremightnotevenbeinplacetodowhatweweredoingin2019.A) credentials I) scaleB) credited J) strangleC) cumulative K) subtleD) disruptions L) summonedE) federal M) surviveF) foreseeable N) vacancyG) predictions O) wedgeH) preferenceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.SlowHopeA)Ourworldisfullof—mostlyuntold—storiesofslowhope,drivenbytheideathatchangeispossible.Theyare‘slow’intheirunfolding,andtheyareslowbecausetheycomewithsetbacks.B)Atthebeginningoftime—sogoesthemyth—humanssuffered,shiveringinthecoldanddarkuntilthetitan(巨人)Prometheusstolefirefromthegods.Justasinthemyth,technology—firstfireandstonetools,andlaterfarming,thesteamengineandindustry,fossilfuels,chemicalsandnuclearpower—hasallowedustoalterandcontrolthenaturalworld.Themythalsoremindsusthattheseadvanceshavecomeataprice:asapunishmentforPrometheus’crime,thegodscreatedPandora,andtheygaveheraboxfilledwithevilsandcurses.WhenPandora’sboxwasopened,itunleashedswarmsofdiseasesanddisastersuponhumankind.C)Todaywecannolongerignoretheecologicalcursesthatwehavereleasedinoursearchforwarmthandcomfort.Inengineeringandexploitingandtransformingourhabitat,wehaveopenedtensofthousandsofPandora’sboxes.Inrecentdecades,environmentalthreatshaveexpandedbeyondregionalboundariestohaveglobalreachand,mosthauntingly,aremultiplyingatadizzyingrate.Onaregularbasis,weareremindedthatwearerunningoutoftime.Yearafteryear,fasterandfaster,consumptionoutpacesthebiologicalcapacityofourplanet.Storiesofacceleratedcatastrophemultiply.Wefearthebreakdownoftheelectricgrid,theendofnon-renewableresources,theexpansionofdeserts,thelossofislands,andthepollutionofourairandwater.D)Accelerationisthesignatureofourtime.Populationsandeconomicactivitygrewslowlyformuchofhumanhistory.Forthousandsofyearsandwellintoearlymoderntimes,worldeconomiessawnogrowthatall,butfromaroundthemid-19thcenturyandagain,inparticular,sincethemid-20th,therealGDPhasincreasedatanenormousspeed,andsohashumanconsumption.IntheMiddleAges,householdsinCentralEuropemighthaveownedfewerthan30objectsonaverage;in1900,thisnumberhadincreasedto400,andin2020to15,000.Theaccelerationofhumanproduction,consumptionandtravelhaschangedtheanimateandinanimatespheres.Ithasechoedthroughnaturalprocessesonwhichhumansdepend.Speciesextinction,deforestation,dammingofrivers,occurrenceoffloods,thedepletionofozone,thedegradationofoceansystemsandmanyotherareasareallexperiencingacceleration.Ifrepresentedgraphically,thecurveforallthesechangeslooksratherlikethatwell-knownhockeystick:withlittlechangeovermillennia(数千年)andadramaticupswingoverthepastdecades.E)Someoftoday’snarrativesaboutthefutureseemtosuggestthatwetoo,likePrometheus,willbesavedbyanewHercules,adivineengineer,someonewhowillmastermind,manoeuvreandmanipulateourplanet.Theysuggestthatgeoengineering,coldfusionorfaster-than-lightspaceshipsmighttranscendonceandforalltheterrestrialconstraintsofrisingtemperatures,lackofenergy,scarcityoffood,lackofspace,mountainsofwaste,pollutedwater—younameit.F)Yet,ifweenvisageoursalvationtocomefromadeusexmachina(解围之神)，fromadivineengineeroratechsolutionistwhowillmiraculouslyconjureupanewsourceofenergyoranothercure-allwithrevolutionarypotency,wemightbelookinginthewrongplace.Thefactthatwenowimagineourplanetasawholedoesnotmeanthatthe‘rescue’ofourplanetwillcomewithonebigglobalstrokeofgeniusandtechnology.Itwillmorelikelycomebymanysmallacts.Globalheatingandenvironmentaldegradationarenottechnologicalproblems.Theyarehighlypoliticalissuesthatareinformedbypowerfulinterests.Moreover,ifhistoryisaguide,thenwecanassumethatanymajortransformationswillonceagainbefollowedbyahugesetofunintendedconsequences.Sowhatdowedo?G)Thismuchisclear:weneedtofindwaysthathelpusflattenthehockey-stickcurvesthatreflectourever-fasterpaceofecologicaldestructionandsocialacceleration.IfweacknowledgethathumanmanipulationoftheEarthhasbeenadestructiveforce,wecanalsoimaginethathumanendeavourscanhelpusbuildalessdestructiveworldinthecenturiestocome.Wemightkeepmakingmistakes.Butwewillalsokeeplearningfromourmistakes.H)Tocounterthefearsofdisaster,weneedtoidentifystories,visionsandactionsthatworkquietlytowardsamorehopefulfuture.Insteadofonebignarrative,astoryofunexpectedrescuebyalarger-than-lifehero,weneedmultiplestories:weneedstories,notonlyofwhatRobNixonofPrincetonUniversityhascalledthe‘slowviolence’ofenvironmentaldegradation(thatis,thedamagethatisofteninvisibleatfirstanddevelopsslowlyandgradually),butalsostoriesofwhatIcall‘slowhope’.I)Weneedanacknowledgementofourpresentecologicalplightbutalsoalanguageofpositivechange,visionsofabetterfuture.InThePrincipleofHope(1954-1959),ErnstBloch,oneoftheleadingphilosophersofthefuture,wrotethat‘themosttragicformofloss...isthelossofthecapacitytoimaginethatthingscouldbedifferent’.Weneedtoidentifyvisionsandpathsthatwillhelpusimagineadifferent,morejustandmoreecologicalworld.Hope,forBloch,hasitsstartingpointinfear,inuncertainty,andincrisis:itisacreativeforcethatgoeshandinhandwithutopian(乌托邦的)‘wishfulimages’.Itcanbefoundinculturalproductsofthepast—infairytales,infiction,inarchitecture,inmusic,inthemovie—inproductsofthehumanmindthatcontain‘theoutlinesofabetterworld’.Whatmakesus‘authentic’ashumansarevisionsofour‘potential’.Inotherwords:livinginhopemakesushuman.J)Thepowerofsmall,grassrootsmovementstomakechangesthatspreadbeyondtheirplaceoforigincanbeseenwiththeSlowFoodmovement,whichbeganinItalyinthe1980s.Theriseoffast-foodrestaurantsaftertheSecondWorldWarproducedasocietyfullofcheap,industriallymadefoodstuffs.UndertheleadershipofCarloPetrini,theSlowFoodmovementbeganinPiedmont,aregionofItalywithalonghistoryofpoverty,violenceandresistancetooppression.Themovementtransformeditintoaregionhospitabletotraditionalfoodcultures—basedonnativeplantsandbreedsofanimals.Today,SlowFoodoperatesinmorethan160countries,poorandrich.Ithasgivenrisetothousandsofprojectsaroundtheglobe,representingdemocraticpolitics,foodsovereignty,biodiversityandsustainableagriculture.K)Theunscrupulous(无所顾忌的)commodificationoffoodandthedestructionoffoodstuffswillcontinuetodevastatesoils,livelihoodsandecologies.SlowFoodcannotundotheirresistibledevelopmentsoftheglobalfoodeconomy,butitcanupsetitstheorists,itcan‘speakdifferently’,anditcanallowpeopleandtheirlocalfoodtraditionsandenvironmentstoflourish.EvenintheUnitedStates—thefast-foodnation—smallfarmsandurbangardensareontherise.TheUSDepartmentofAgricultureprovidesanUrbanAgricultureToolkitand,accordingtoarecentreport,Americanmillennials(千禧一代)arechangingtheirdiets.In2017,6percentofUSconsumersclaimedtobestrictlyvegetarian,upfrom1percentin2014.Asmorepeoplerealisethat‘eatingisanagriculturalact’,astheUSpoetandenvironmentalactivistWendellBerryputitin1989,slowhopeadvances.36. Itseemssomepeopletodaydreamthatacutting-edgenewtechnologymightsavethemfromthepresentecologicaldisaster.37. Accordingtoonegreatthinker,itismostunfortunateifwelosetheabilitytothinkdifferently.38. Urgentattentionshouldbepaidtotheecologicalproblemswehavecreatedinourpursuitofacomfortablelife.39. Eveninthefast-foodnationAmerica,thenumberofvegetariansisontherise.40. Thedeteriorationoftheecologicalsystemisacceleratingbecauseofthedramaticincreaseofhumanproductionandconsumption.41. Itisobviousthatsolutionsmustbefoundtocurbthefastworseningenvironmentandsocialacceleration.42. Manypeoplebelievechangingtheworldispossible,thoughitmaytaketimeandinvolvesetbacks.43. Itmightbewrongtoexpectthatourworldwouldbesavedatonestrokewithsomemiraculoustechnology.44. Itishumannaturetocherishhopesforabetterworld.45. Technologyhasgivenushumansthepowertochangethenaturalworld,butwehavepaidapriceforthechange.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Vegetarianswouldprefernottobecompelledtoeatmeat.Yetthereversecompulsion(强迫)ishiddenintheproposalsforanewplant-based“planetarydiet.”NowhereisthismorevisiblethaninIndia.Earlierthisyear,theEAT-LancetCommissionreleaseditsglobalreportonnutritionandcalledforaglobalshifttoamoreplant-baseddietandfor“substantiallyreducingconsumptionofanimalsourcefoods.”IncountrieslikeIndia,thatcallcouldbecomeatooltoaggravateanalreadytensepoliticalsituationandstressalreadyundernourishedpopulations.TheEATreportpresumesthat“traditionaldiets”incountrieslikeIndiaincludelittleredmeat,whichmightbeconsumedonlyonspecialoccasionsorasminoringredientsinmixeddishes.InIndia,however,thereisavastdifferencebetweenwhatpeoplewouldwishtoconsumeandwhattheyhavetoconsumebecauseofinnumerablebarriersaroundclass,religion,culture,cost,geography,etc.PolicymakersinIndiahavetraditionallypushedforacereal-heavy“vegetariandiet”onameat-eatingpopulationasawayofprovidingthecheapestsourcesoffood.Currently,underanaggressiveHindunationalistgovernment,Muslims,Christians,disadvantagedclassesandindigenouscommunitiesarebeingcompelledtogiveuptheirtraditionalfoods.NoneoftheseconcernsseemtohavebeenappreciatedbytheEAT-LancetCommission’srepresentative,BrentLoken,whosaid“Indiahasgotsuchagreatexample”insourcingproteinfromplants.ButhowmuchofamodelfortheworldisIndia’svegetarianism?IntheGlobalHungerIndex2019,thecountryranks102ndoutof117.DatafromtheNationalFamilyHealthSurveyindicatethatonly10percentofinfantsof6to23monthsareadequatelyfed.Whichiswhycallsforaplant-baseddietmodeledonIndiariskofferinganotherwhipwithwhichtobeatalreadyvulnerablecommunitiesindevelopingcountries.AdietdirectedattheaffluentWestfailstorecognizethatinlow-incomecountriesundernourishedchildrenareknowntobenefitfromtheconsumptionofmilkandotheranimalsourcefoods,improvingcognitivefunctions,whilereducingtheprevalenceofnutritionaldeficienciesaswellasmortality.EAT-Lancetclaimeditsintentionwasto“sparkconversations”amongallIndianstakeholders.Yetvocalcriticsofthefoodprocessingindustryandfoodfortificationstrategieshavebeenleftoutofthedebate.ButthemostconspicuousomissionmaywellbetheabsenceofIndia’sfarmers.Thegovernment,however,seemstohavegiventhereportathumbs-up.Ratherthanaddressingchronichungerandmalnutritionthroughanimprovedaccesstowholesomeandnutrient-densefoods,thegovernmentisopeningthedoorforcompany-dependentsolutions,ignoringtheenvironmentalandeconomiccost,whichwilldestroylocalfoodsystems.It’samodelfullofdangerforfuturegenerations.46. WhatismorevisibleinIndiathananywhereelseaccordingtothepassage?A) People’spositiveviewsontheproposalsfora“planetarydiet”.B) People’sreluctancetobecompelledtoeatplant-basedfood.C) People’spreferencesforthekindoffoodtheyconsume.D) People’sunwillingnesstogiveuptheireatinghabits.47. WhatwouldtheEAT-LancetCommission’sreportdotomanypeopleincountrieslikeIndia?A) Radicallychangetheirdietaryhabits.B) Keepthemfurtherawayfrompolitics.C) Makethemevenmoreundernourished.D) Substantiallyreducetheirfoodchoices.48. WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutfoodconsumptioninIndia?A) People’sdietwillnotchangeduetotheEAT-Lancetreport.B) Manypeoplesimplydonothaveaccesstofoodstheyprefer.C) Thereisagrowingpopularityofacereal-heavyvegetariandiet.D) Policymakershelpremovethebarrierstopeople’schoiceoffood.49. Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutaplant-baseddietmodeledonIndia?A) Itmaybenefitpopulationswhosetraditionaldietismeat-based.B) Itmaybeanotherblowtotheeconomyindevelopingcountries.C) Itmayhelpnarrowthegapbetweentherichandpoorcountries.D) Itmayworsenthenourishmentprobleminlow-incomecountries.50. HowdoestheIndiangovernmentrespondtotheEAT-LancetCommission’sproposals?A) Itacceptsthemattheexpenseofthelong-terminterestsofitspeople.B) ItintendsthemtosparkconversationsamongallIndianstakeholders.C) Itgivesthemapprovalregardlessofoppositionfromnutritionexperts.D) Itwelcomesthemasatooltoaddresschronichungerandmalnutrition.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Backin1964,inhisbookGamesPeoplePlay,psychiatristEricBernedescribedapatternofconversationhecalled“WhyDon’tYou——YesBut”，whichremainsoneofthemostirritatingaspectsofeverydaysociallife.Thepersonadoptingthestrategyisusuallyachroniccomplainer.Somethingisterribleabouttheirrelationship,job,orothersituation,andtheymoanaboutitceaselessly,butfindsomeexcusetodismissanysolutionthat’sproposed.Thereason,ofcourse,isthatonsomeleveltheydon’twantasolution;theywanttobevalidatedintheirpositionthattheworldisouttogetthem.Iftheycan“win”thegame—dismissingeverysuggestionuntiltheirinterlocutor(对话者)givesupinannoyance—theygettofeelpleasurablyrighteous(正当的)intheirresentmentsandexcusedfromanyobligationtochange.Partofthetroublehereistheso-calledresponsibility/faultfallacy(谬误).Whenyou’refeelingharddoneby—takenforgrantedbyyourpartner,say,orobligedtoworkforahalf-wittedboss—it’seasytobecomeattachedtothepositionthatit’snotyourjobtoaddressthematter,andthatdoingsowouldbeanadmissionoffault.Butthere’saconfusionhere.Forexample,ifIweretodiscoveranewbornatmyfrontdoor,itwouldn’tbemyfault,butitmostcertainlywouldbemyresponsibility.Therewouldbechoicestomake,andnopossibilityofavoidingthem,sincetryingtoignorethematterwouldbeachoice.Thepointisthatwhatgoesforthebabyonthedoorstepistrueinallcases:eveniftheotherpersonis100%inthewrong,there’snothingtobegained,long-term,fromusingthisasajustificationtoevaderesponsibility.Shouldyoufindyourselfonthereceivingendofthiskindofcomplaining,there’saningeniouswaytoshutitdown—whichistoagreewithit,ardently.PsychotherapistLoriGottliebdescribesthisas“over-validation”.Foronething,you’llbesparedfurthermoaning,sincetheotherperson’smotivationwastoconfirmherbeliefs,andnowyou’reconfirmingthem.Butforanother,asGottliebnotes,peopleconfrontedwithover-validationoftenheartheircomplaintsafreshandstartarguingback.Thenotionthatthey’reutterlypowerlesssuddenlyseemsunrealistic—nottomentionratherannoying—sothey’repromptedinsteadtogenerateideasabouthowtheym