【移动应用开发技术】Android中怎么实现蓝牙通信

【移动应用开发技术】Android中怎么实现蓝牙通信

这期内容当中在下将会给大家带来有关Android中怎么实现蓝牙通信，文章内容丰富且以专业的角度为大家分析和叙述，阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。一：注意事项

1：android6.0使用蓝牙时，需要开启gps定位权限，不然无法搜索其它蓝牙设备。二：权限

1：权限配置<!--允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"

/>

<!--

允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"

/>

<!--android

6.0

涉及到的权限-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"

/>

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"

/>

<!--

在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>

<!--

往SDCard写入数据的权限

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

2：动态权限代码

由于需要用到存储卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代码动态设置。

a)获取定位设置if

(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT

>=

23)

{

boolean

isLocat

=

isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());

Toast.makeText(mContext,

"isLo:"

+

isLocat,

Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//开启位置服务，支持获取ble蓝牙扫描结果

if

(!isLocat)

{

Intent

enableLocate

=

new

Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);

startActivityForResult(enableLocate,

1);

}

}

/**

*

判断位置信息是否开启

*

*

@param

context

*

@return

*/

private

static

boolean

isLocationOpen(final

Context

context)

{

LocationManager

manager

=

(LocationManager)

context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

//gps定位

boolean

isGpsProvider

=

manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

//网络定位

boolean

isNetWorkProvider

=

manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

return

isGpsProvider

||

isNetWorkProvider;

}b)存储卡权限设置if

(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT

>=

23)

{

int

write

=

checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

int

read

=

checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

//动态请求读写sd卡权限

if

(write

!=

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED

||

read

!=

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)

{

requestPermissions(new

String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,

Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},

SD_CARD);

}

}然后通过onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法获取动态权限的结果：@Override

public

void

onRequestPermissionsResult(int

requestCode,

String[]

permissions,

int[]

grantResults)

{

switch

(requestCode){

case

SD_CARD:

if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]

==

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){

//允许访问

}else{

Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒绝了程序访问存储卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

break;

case

COARES_LOCATION:

break;

}

}

三：蓝牙搜索android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter是蓝牙开发用得比较多，并且比较重要的一个类，可以设备蓝牙名称，打开，关闭，搜索等常规操作。

1蓝牙打开，以及搜索

蓝牙打开和关闭信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收广播BluetoothAdapter

mBluetoothAdapter

=

BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone");

//判断蓝牙是否打开

boolean

originalBluetooth

=

(mBluetoothAdapter

!=

null

&&

mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());

if

(originalBluetooth)

{

mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();

}

else

if

(originalBluetooth

==

false)

{

mBluetoothAdapter.enable();

}蓝牙打开后，我们可以获取设备的蓝牙信息StringBuilder

sb

=

new

StringBuilder();

//获取本机蓝牙名称

String

name

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getName();

//获取本机蓝牙地址

String

address

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();搜索完成后，通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND广播去接收结果，广播代码如下(注意：可能出现设备搜索不到的情况，设备需要开启允许周围设备搜索，或者通过程序来控制允许搜索的时间范围)

/*确保蓝牙被发现，在荣耀8手机上，设置了还是默认的2分钟，所以以下几句代码程序中没有，*/

Intent

discoverableIntent

=

new

Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

//设置可见状态的持续时间为300秒，但是最多是300秒

discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,

300);

startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent,

REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);

private

void

initSearchBroadcast()

{

IntentFilter

intentFilter

=

new

IntentFilter();

//发现设备

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

//设备配对状态改变

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);

//蓝牙设备状态改变

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);

//开始扫描

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);

//结束扫描

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);

//其它设备请求配对

intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);

//intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);

registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver,

intentFilter);

}

private

BroadcastReceiver

bluetoothReceiver

=

new

BroadcastReceiver()

{

@Override

public

void

onReceive(Context

context,

Intent

intent)

{

String

action

=

intent.getAction();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"mBluetoothReceiver

action

="

+

action);

try

{

if

(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action))

{//开始扫描

setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);

log1.setText("正在扫描设备，请稍候...");

}

else

if

(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action))

{//结束扫描

Logger.e(TAG

+

"设备搜索完毕");

setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);

log1.setText("扫描完成");

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

scanStatus

=

false;

}

else

if

(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action))

{//发现设备

findDevice(intent);

}

else

if

(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action))

{//蓝牙配对状态的广播

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"蓝牙配对广播:"

+

device.getBondState());

switch

(device.getBondState())

{

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"蓝牙配对广播

正在配对");

break;

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"蓝牙配对广播

完成配对,本机自动配对");

bondDevices.add(device);

unbondDevices.remove(device);

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

break;

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"蓝牙配对广播

取消配对");

unbondDevices.add(device);

bondDevices.remove(device);

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

default:

break;

}

}

else

if

(action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST))

{//其它设备蓝牙配对请求

BluetoothDevice

btDevice

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

state

=

intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE,

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE);

//当前的配对的状态

try

{

String

path

=

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

+

"/blueTest/";

String

deviceName

=

btDevice.getName();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"蓝牙

匹配信息："

+

deviceName

+

","

+

btDevice.getAddress()

+

",state:"

+

state);

//1.确认配对，高版本无效,蓝牙配对不是zuk的问题，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到蓝牙适配问题的，请同时打开蓝牙和定位，再去配对，基本90%都没有问题了。

Object

object

=

ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

true);

//2.终止有序广播,如果没有将广播终止，则会出现一个一闪而过的配对框。

abortBroadcast();

//3.调用setPin方法进行配对...

boolean

ret

=

ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

PWD);

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

//

TODO

Auto-generated

catch

block

e.printStackTrace();

Toast.makeText(mContenxt,

"error:"

+

btDevice

+

","

+

state,

Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

}

else

if

(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED))

{//蓝牙开关状态

//

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

statue

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getState();

switch

(statue)

{

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:

Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙关闭");

ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:

Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙打开");

ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000

*

60,

mBluetoothAdapter);

scanBluetooth();

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:

Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在关闭");

mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:

Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在打开");

break;

}

}

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

//发现设备的代码如下

private

void

findDevice(Intent

intent)

throws

Exception{

//获取到设备对象

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

String

str

=

device.getName()

+

"|"

+

device.getAddress();

Logger.e("扫描到设备："

+

str);

if

(device.getBondState()

==

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED)

{//判断当前设备地址下的device是否已经配对

if

(!bondDevices.contains(device))

{

bondDevices.add(device);

}

}

else

{

if

(!unbondDevices.contains(device))

{

unbondDevices.add(device);

}

if

(device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME))

{

boolean

bondStatus

=

ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(),

device);

Logger.i(TAG

+

"

bondStatus:"

+

bondStatus);

}

}

Log.e("error",

"搜索完毕，准备刷新!");

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

}四：蓝牙配对

正常情况下，蓝牙匹配需要弹出一个匹配确认框，如下图,但我想实现的是，匹配其中一方，不能手动点击配对，因为发起蓝牙连接的设备是android设备，是不能触摸的，所以就要通过程序来解决这个问题，特别声明：（测试的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。1当我们搜索到目标手机的蓝牙后，android设备主动发起连接请求，代码如下

if

(device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME))

{

boolean

bondStatus

=

ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(),

device);

Logger.i(TAG

+

"

bondStatus:"

+

bondStatus);

}

//发起蓝牙匹配请求

public

boolean

createBond(Class

btClass,

BluetoothDevice

btDevice)

throws

Exception

{

Method

createBondMethod

=

btClass.getMethod("createBond");

Boolean

returnValue

=

(Boolean)

createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);

return

returnValue.booleanValue();

}2当被匹配方点击配对后，系统会通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED广播告诉android设备，此时android设备就可以自动确认，通过这个流程来完成整个蓝牙的配对,具体代码如下

BluetoothDevice

btDevice

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

state

=

intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE,

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE);

//当前的配对的状态

try

{

String

path

=

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

+

"/blueTest/";

String

deviceName

=

btDevice.getName();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"蓝牙

匹配信息："

+

deviceName

+

","

+

btDevice.getAddress()

+

",state:"

+

state);

if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME

为被匹配蓝牙设备的名称，自己手动定义

Object

object

=

ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

true);

abortBroadcast();

boolean

ret

=

ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

PWD);

}

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

//

TODO

Auto-generated

catch

block

e.printStackTrace();

Toast.ma