2022年山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷七2测

2022年山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷七

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

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1・It''shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemismess.Foreign

nationaIshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,

andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.IegitimateIyoftenoverstaytheir

legalweIcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,ithasbecome

clearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofour

systemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforging

passports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackers（劫机者）werehere

onexpiredvisas.That''sbeenasafebetuntiInow.TheImmigration

andNaturalizationService（INS）（移民归化局）lackstheresources,and

apparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2million

foreignerswhohaveintentiona11yoverstayedtheirwelcome.Butthis

laxness（马虎）towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congress

hasaIreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedin

thewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,

theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwi11makeit

easiertostopwatchIistedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat''s

reallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimed

attighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforaro11back

ofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohire

hundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepi11egaI

immigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncetheyarehere.Reformersalso

wanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholders

actua11yleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.AlIthese

proposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedthe

HouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.

11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenbIockedbytwopowerfullobbies:

universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbe

keptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersfor

cheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they''vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhave

passedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedto

bereintroducedandtopassnextyear.Alsoontheagendafornext

year:aproposal,backedbysomeinfIuentiaIlaw-makers,tosplitthe

INSintotwoagencies-agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctions

Iikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrate

onborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonfor

thedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecome

toofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,

theINSshouIdpaymoreattentiontoservingthemi11ionsofordinary

Americanswhorelyonthenation,'sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfrom

terroristattacks.

Welearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswi11bemadebyvarious

U.S.governmentagenciesto.

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.

2.SexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideoIogythatbioIogy

isdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicaland

psychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferences

requireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociaIIife.Womenarethe

weakersex-bothphysicallyandemotiona11y.Thus,theyarenaturally

suitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.A

woman11splace,undernormaIcircumstance,iswithintheprotective

environmentofthehome.NaturehasdeterminedthatwomenpIaycare-taker

roles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menare

bestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,

whereseriousresponsibiIitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobethe

providers;womenandchiIdrenaredependents.TheideoIogyalsoholds

thatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehousehoIdshouIdnaturallyfi11

thesejobsthatareinIinewiththespeciaIcapabiIitiesoftheirsex.

Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,sociaI

workers,elementaryschooIteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksand

secretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen1'sdomestic

role.Informaldistinetionsbetween"women''swork"and"men''swork"

inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionaI

reflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweensexes.Finally,the

ideoIogysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwi11inanothersignificant

way.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmust

regularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelabor

force,makethemostoftheirphysicaIappearance.SogoestheideoIogy.

Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychological

differencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesin

sociaIIife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsociety

tosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

ButtothedegreepeopIeactua11ybeIievethatbioIogyisdestinyand

thatnatureintendsformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributions

tosociety,sex-definedroleswi11beseenastota11yacceptabIe.

Accordingtotheauthor,sexroles.

A.aresociallydetermined

B.areemotionallyandphysicallydetermined

C.canonlybedeterminedbywhateducationpeopletake

D.arebiologicallyandphysicallydetermined

3.BoredforyearsDoyouhateyourIifeNotnotquite.Areyourather

disappointedthatyoucan''tbedoingsomethingmoreinterestingor

entertainingYes,definitely.Ifyouareinsuchastateofmind,you

aresufferingfromboredom.Accordingtoanonlinedictionary,the

definitionofboredomisHthefeelingofbeingboredbysomethingtedious".

AIthoughaImostalIofussometimessufferfromboredom,buthardlyanyone

begintothinkabouttheoldproblemfromaphiIosophicaIpointofview

exceptLarsSvendsen.LarsSvendsenwasbored.The28-year-old

Norwegianphilosopherfoundhimselfwithnothingtodooneday.Other

peopIemightphoneafriendorgotoamovie.BeingaphiIosopher,Svendsen

begantogetinterestedinboredom-whereitcomesfrom,whyithappens

andwhatroleitplaysinourIives.Theresultsarenowinhisbook,

theMPhilosophyofBoredom”.AIthoughboredomissomethingthatwehave

alIsufferedfromatsomepointinourIivesvandhasbecomeoneofthe

centralpreoccupationsofourage,veryfewofuscanexplainprecisely

whatitis.InthisbookLarsSvendsenexaminesthenatureofboredom,

howitoriginated,itshistory,howandwhyitaffIictsus,andwhywe

cannotseemtoovercomeitbyanyactofwill.Let''slookatsomeof

thebookreviews:nThisbookdiscussesboredomfirmlypIacedwithin

specifichistoricalandgeographicalbounds;alIexampIespresentedcome

fromaWesterntradition,broadlyspeaking.Tonamebutafewofthe

philosophersanalysed,therangespansfromAristotleandSeneca,via

PascaIvtoKant,HegeI,SchopenhauerandNietzsche,andontoBenjamin,

Heidegger,HabermasandAdorno.ItreliesextensiveIyonexampIesfrom

EuropeanandU.S.Iiteraturespanningawidehistoricalbreadth,from

PaultheApostIetoHolderIinandMann,fromDostoevsky,Beckett,and

PessoatoAmericanPsycho(AndyWarhol,IggyPop,andthemovieCrash

areaIsomentioned).Inshort,thisbookisfirmlyaboutWesternboredom.

Inthis,itisnotalone.WhatmakesitspeciaIisitsfocusonthe

phiIosophicaIunderstandingofboredomasaproblemofmodernity...What

canabookonthephiIosophyofboredomcontributetoanthropologyThis

bookpresentsbothaphiIosophyandahistoryoftheconceptofboredom

intheWest-exceIIentreferencepointsfortheanthropologistinterested

inboredom.Thebookisdividedintofourparts.Thefirstisconcerned

withTheProbIemofBoredom,Iookingattypologiesofboredom,andthe

associationsbetweenboredomandanumberofrelatedissues:meaningy

modernity,work,leisure,noveIty,anddeath.Thesecondpart,Stories

ofBoredom,coversboredomasdealtwithinIiterature(andfilm),from

pre-modernformssuchasacediayviaBoredom,Body,Technologyand

Transgression,toAndyWarhol''srenunciationofpersonalmeaning.The

thirdpart,ThePhenomenoIogyofBoredom,isacarefuloutIineanda

convincingcritiqueofHeidegger11sunderstandingofboredom.Lastly,

partfour,TheEthicsofBoredom,examinesboredom9'sownmoral.

Throughout,thebookconsiderscontemporaryboredomfromanumberof

differentanglesbutalwaysasIinkedtomoderitythroughdeveIopments

setintrainduringRomanticism...Svendsenpondersthesignificanceof

chiIdhoodandyouthbeingfairIy''recent5'sociaIconstructsandthe

effectsonasocietythatemphasisesyouthovermaturity.Arguingthat

theWesternselfisinextricablyIinkedtoideaIsofRomanticismyhesays

“wearesuspendedsomewherebetweenchiIdhoodandmaturity,inaneternal

adoIescence-andadoIescenceisstuffedwithboredom.Thisisone

expIanationfortheubiquityofboredominmodernIifeIhavenotcome

acrossbefore,andonegivingfoodforthoughtandinviting

anthropologicalinvestigationsofideasofpersonhoodandideasof

boredom.MWhenpeopIeareboredtimeseemstostretchoutendlessly.

Infact,thefirstrecordeduseofthewordinEnglishoranyother

EuropeanIanguagewasintheyear1760.Westernershavebeenboredfor

exactIy245years.ThewordMinteresting"wasfirstusedaroundthesame

time.Thedateissignificantbecauseitconnectsthebeginningof

boredomwiththestartoftheIndustrialRevoIutioninEurope.Before

then,itseemsthatIifewasneitherinterestingnorboring.Lifewas

justIife.ThepeasantthoughtofhimseIfaspartofthecountryside.

Thecraftsmanworkedfromhome,mixinghisoccupationwithhisfamily

andfriends.ManythousandsofpeopIewerejuststruggIingtostayalive.

Itwasin1764thatJamesHargreavesinventedthespinningjennyandJames

Wattinventedthesteamengine.Thesetworevolutionarymachinestore

thepeasantfromhiscreativeseIf-sufficiencyandsubstituted

machine-workforhandiwork.WhenEuropebegantomodernize,this

arrangementchanged.Theinventionofnewmachinesandprocessesmade

itmoreefficienttoorganizeworkassomethingseparate.Thelong,boring

dayattheofficeorfactorybegan.Thisalsomeantth

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

4.It11shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemismess.Foreign

nationaIshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,

andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.IegitimateIyoftenoverstaytheir

legalweIcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,ithasbecome

clearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofour

systemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforging

passports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackers（劫机者）werehere

onexpiredvisas.That''sbeenasafebetuntiInow.TheImmigration

andNaturalizationService（INS）（移民归化局）lackstheresources,and

apparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2million

foreignerswhohaveintentiona11yoverstayedtheirweIcome.Butthis

laxness（马虎）towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congress

hasaIreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedin

thewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,

theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwi11makeit

easiertostopwatchIistedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat''s

reallyneeded,criticssayfiseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimed

attighteningupbordersecurity.ReformersarecallingforarolIback

ofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohire

hundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepi11egaI

immigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncetheyarehere.Reformersalso

wanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholders

actuaIIyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.AlIthese

proposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybiIIthatpassedthe

HouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.

11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenbIockedbytwopowerfullobbies:

universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbe

keptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersfor

cheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they''vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhave

passedthistimebutforcongressionaImaneuveringsandisexpectedto

bereintroducedandtopassnextyear.Alsoontheagendafornext

year:aproposal,backedbysomeinfIuentiaIlaw-makers,tosplitthe

INSintotwoagencies-agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctions

Iikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrate

onborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonfor

thedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecome

toofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,

theINSshouIdpaymoreattentiontoservingthemi11ionsofordinary

Americanswhorelyonthenation,'sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfrom

terroristattacks.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswith

expiredvisas.

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation

5.SexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideoIogythatbioIogy

isdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicaland

psychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferences

requireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociaIIife.Womenarethe

weakersex-bothphysicallyandemotiona11y.Thus,theyarenaturally

suitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.A

woman''splace,undernormaIcircumstance,iswithintheprotective

environmentofthehome.NaturehasdeterminedthatwomenpIaycare-taker

roles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menare

bestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,

whereseriousresponsibiIitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobethe

providers;womenandchiIdrenaredependents.TheideoIogyalsoholds

thatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfi11

thesejobsthatareinIinewiththespeciaIcapabiIitiesoftheirsex.

Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,sociaI

workers,elementaryschooIteachers,househoIdhelpers,andclerksand

secretaries.ThesepositionsaresimpIyanextensionofwomen5'sdomestic

role.Informaldistinetionsbetween“women''swork"and"men''swork"

inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideoIogyfaresimplyafunctionaI

reflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweensexes.Finally,the

ideoIogysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwi11inanothersignificant

way.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmust

regularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelabor

force,makethemostoftheirphysicaIappearance.SogoestheideoIogy.

Itis,ofcoursefnottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychological

differencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesin

sociaIIife.Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsociety

tosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

ButtothedegreepeopIeactua11ybeIievethatbioIogyisdestinyand

thatnatureintendsformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributions

tosociety,sex-definedroleswiIIbeseenastota11yacceptabIe.

WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage

A.Thedivisionofsex-definedrolesiscompletelyunacceptable.

B.Womensrolesinworkaretoolimitedatpresent.

C.Inonesociety,menmightperformwhatisconsideredwomen''sduties

byanother.

D.Someofthewomen''srolesindomesticdutiescannotbetakenover

bymen.

6・It''shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemismess.Foreign

nationaIshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,

andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.IegitimateIyoftenoverstaytheir

legalweIcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,ithasbecome

clearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofour

systemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforging

passports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackers（劫机者）werehere

onexpiredvisas.That''sbeenasafebetuntiInow.TheImmigration

andNaturalizationService（INS）（移民归化局）lackstheresources,and

apparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2million

foreignerswhohaveintentiona11yoverstayedtheirwelcome.Butthis

laxness（马虎）towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congress

hasaIreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedin

thewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,

theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwiIImakeit

easiertostopwatchIistedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat''s

reallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimed

attighteningupbordersecurity.ReformersarecallingforarolIback

ofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohire

hundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepiIIegaI

immigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncetheyarehere.Reformersalso

wanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholders

actuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.AlIthese

proposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybi11thatpassedthe

HouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.

11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenbIockedbytwopowerfullobbies:

universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbe

keptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersfor

cheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they''vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhave

passedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedto

bereintroducedandtopassnextyear.Alsoontheagendafornext

year:aproposal,backedbysomeinfIuentiaIlaw-makers,tosplitthe

INSintotwoagencies-agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctions

Iikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrate

onborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonfor

thedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecome

toofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,

theINSshouIdpaymoreattentiontoservingthemi11ionsofordinary

Americanswhorelyonthenation''sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfrom

terroristattacks.

ItisbeIievedbymanythatalItheseyearstheINS.

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrants

indiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation''

ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbies

7・It''shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemismess.Foreign

nationaIshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,

andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.IegitimateIyoftenoverstaytheir

legalweIcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,ithasbecome

clearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofour

systemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforging

passports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackers（劫机者）werehere

onexpiredvisas.That''sbeenasafebetuntiInow.TheImmigration

andNaturalizationService（INS）（移民归化局）lackstheresources,and

apparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2million

foreignerswhohaveintentiona11yoverstayedtheirwelcome.Butthis

laxness（马虎）towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congress

hasaIreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedin

thewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,

theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwi11makeit

easiertostopwatchIistedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat''s

reallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimed

attighteningupbordersecurity.ReformersarecallingforarolIback

ofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohire

hundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepi11egaI

immigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncetheyarehere.Reformersalso

wanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholders

actuaIIyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.AlIthese

proposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybi11thatpassedthe

HouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.

11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenbIockedbytwopowerfuIIobbies:

universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbe

keptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersfor

cheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they''vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhave

passedthistimebutforcongressionaImaneuveringsandisexpectedto

bereintroducedandtopassnextyear.Alsoontheagendafornext

year:aproposal,backedbysomeinfIuentiaIlaw-makers,tosplitthe

INSintotwoagencies-agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctions

Iikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrate

onborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonfor

thedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecome

toofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,

theINSshouIdpaymoreattentiontoservingthemi11ionsofordinary

Americanswhorelyonthenation1'sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfrom

terroristattacks.

BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricter

immigrationlawsbecause.

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

{{B}}TEXTA({/B)}

CriticsandsupportersoftheUnitedNationshavesometimesseen

worldsapart.Butsincelastyear,aImostalIofthem,whether

multilateralistorunilateralistyAmericanorEuropean,havecometo

agreethattheorganizationisincrisis.Thisweek,ablueribbonpanel

commissionedbythebody9ssecretary-general,KofiAnnan,releasedits

reportonwhattodoaboutit.

TheU.N.’ssorrystatebecamemostobviouswiththeIraqwar.Those

favoringthewarwerefuriousthatafteradecadeofSecurityCounciI

resolutions,includingtheIast-chanceResoIution1441threatening

"seriousconsequences"ifIraqdidnotproveitsdisarmament,theU.N.

couldnotagreetoact.Anti-wartypeswerejustasfrustratedthatthe

worldbodyfailedtostopthewar.ButIraqwasnottheU.N・'sonly

problem.IthasdoneIittIetostophumanitariandisasters,suchasthe

ongoinghorrorinSudan.AndithasdonenothingtostopIransandNorth

Korea1spursuitofnuclearweapons.

Recognizingthedangerofirrelevance,Mr.Annanlastyeartolda

16-memberpaneIfcomposedmainIyofformergovernmentministersandheads

ofgovernment,tosuggestchanges.Thesefa11broadlyintotwocategories:

theinstitutionalandthecultural.Theform