2012届高三一模英语2011学年第一学期年级质量调研考试

闵行区英语试卷答卷前考生务必在答题纸上将学校及准考证号填写清楚并在规定的区域 填涂。答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求涂写，题用黑色水笔填写。III12150120第I (共105分ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Receptionistand B.HairdresserandC.Doctorand D.BossandA.OnThursday B.OnMondayC.OnFriday D.OnThursdayA.Ina B.InaC.Inafurniture D.InacomputerA.Thetimeofthe B.TheboredomoftheC.Thelengthofthe D.TheproblemoftheA.Gotothemovie B.ChecktheC.Seeamoviewiththe D.FindaniceA.ThecostoffixingtheB.ThedifficultyofcleaningupthebrokenC.ThepossibleharmtothepeopleD.ThetypeofpunishmenthewillgiveA.Theclerkdoesn’tliketobeB.ThemachinewasjustC.Themancouldn’tmakeanymoreD.ThewomancanteachthemantousetheA.ThemanwillbuysomeenvelopesfortheB.ThemanwilltakethewomantoC.ThewomanwillhavetogoandbuysomeenvelopesD.ThewomanhaswrittenseverallettersA.Becauseshedoesn’tfeelB.BecausetheseatisC.BecauseshefeelsD.BecauseshefeelsterriblewhensittingontheA.HeissurprisedthatDandidnotB.HeisworkingespeciallyhardonC.HewondershowDan’shistorycourseD.HewantstopassthemanagementSectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Thechangeofthe B.AttitudestowardsleisureC.Shiftingjob D.AttitudestowardsA.Howmanyweeksthereareina B.WhichdaybeginstheC.Whichdayspeopleshould D.HowtheweekisdividedintoA.ItwouldmaketheworkdayB.ItwouldallowpeopletoworkonC.ItwouldcreatemuchmoreD.ItwouldmakeleisureactivitiesQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.ToinviteauthorstoguideB.ToinvolvepeopleincommunityC.ToencouragepeopletoreadandD.TopromotethefriendshipbetweenA.TheycamefrommanydifferentB.TheyweretoobusytoreadaC.TheyhadlittleinterestinD.TheylackedsupportfromthelocalA.ThecarefulselectionofaproperB.ThenumberofpeoplewhobenefitfromC.ThegrowingpopularityoftheD.ThenumberofbooksthateachSectionDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.WhatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingA(n) WhatkindWhatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingA(n) WhatkindofinjuryhasthemanHisankleis HowwastheroadconditionatthatTheroadwas(19) WhodoesthemanthinkistoblameforhisA(20) Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingCompletetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachWhichcoursedothetwospeakerstake(21) Whatisthewoman’sSheisa WhichfloordoesthemanliveontheThe floorofHowwilltheysolvetheirTheywill(24) randSectionDirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Mostofthepeopleinthisvillagehaveaccess cleandrinkingA. B. C. D.—Areyoucomingtothe—I’mnotsure.I gototheconcert B. C. DSolittle thenthattheycouldnotsettletheirtheyagreed B.dotheyagreeC.didtheyagree D.theydidnotagreeWiththegreatweight offhermind,shepassedthetestA. B. C. D.tobe hasbegunsellingticketsonlineforinternationalflights, shareof andothercompetitors.A.to B.having C. D.being to B.tohaveC.having D.tobeItwasfortunatethatJacknarrowlyescaped inatrafficA.being B. C.tobe D.to—Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlook—Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I ofmyfriendsbackhavejust B.wouldjustC.wasjust D.willjustbeIsupposebythetimeIcomebackintenyears’timealltheseoldhouses willhavebeen B.willbeC.willhave D.willbeSafetyinschoolhasbeenofgreatconcernbecauseoffrequentreportsabout studentsgotinjuredorkilledwhileinA. B. C.in D.forThefiguresarefurtherevidence childrenaremorelikely A. B. C. D.Itwasforherrarecharmandinnerbeauty BritishmoviestarAudreyHepburnwasnamedthemostnaturallybeautifulwomanofalltime.A. B. C. D.Handwrittensaremorevaluabletoresearchers,historianssay, theirreliabilitycanbeconfirmed.A. B.so C. D.Manmustkeepinmindthatitwillbeyears theearthrecoversfromthedamagehemakestoit.A. B. C. D.—Idon’tmindhowyoudoit youfinishthepaintingon—NoA.aswell B.asfar C.aslong D.asfastThebusinessmanisverymodestabouthissuccess.Hesaysit’s theresultofgoodluckasofhisowndiligence.A.more B.so C. D.asSectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce. Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthe41frommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationis42forahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingasoften43tobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoor44andillTheamountofstressacanstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprime45formanagerialresponsibilities;othersloseheartatthefirstsignofunusualdifficulties.When46tostress,inwhateverformwereactbothchemicallyandphysicallyInfactwemakechoicebetween“flightorfight”andinmoreprimitive(远古的)daysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.The47wemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,it48thesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughexposuretostress,thathealth es49.Sincewecan’tremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.ReadingSectionDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD. Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Weallrememberseeinghitchhikers,standingbythesideoftheroad,thumbstickingout,waitingforalift.Butitisgetting50nowadays.Whatkilledhitchhiking?51isoftenmentionedasareason.Moviesaboutmurderoushitchhikersandreal-lifecrimehaveputmanydriversoff52hitchhikers.ThatnosinglewomenpickedmeuponmyjourneytoManchesternodoubt53thesafetyfear:alarge,strangelydressedmanisseenasdangerous.Butthereasonmaybemore54:hitchhikinghappenswherepeopledon’thavecarsandtransportservicesarepoor.PlentyofpeoplestillhitchhikeinPolandandRomania.Perhapstherisinglevelof55intheUKmeansthefewpeoplelefthitchhikingareusuallyconsideredstrange.Whycan’ttheyaffordcars?Three-quartersoftheUKpopulationhaveaccesstoacar;manyoftheremainderwillbequiteold.The56hitchhikingpopulationisthereforesmall.Yetmytripprovesit’sstill57tohitchhike.Thepeoplewhopickedmeupwereveryinterestinglawyerretiredsurgeon,commander,carpenter,manwholiveinanisolatedfarmhouseandacouplelivingupinthemountainsMy58isthatonlyreallyinterestingpeoplearemadenoughtopickupfatblokes(家伙inred,spottedscarves.Mostjustwantedtodosomeoneagoodturnafewsaidtheyweresosurprisedtoseeahitchhikerthattheycouldn’thelp59.The60ofhitchhikingmostlikelylieswithcar-sharingorganizedovertheInternet,.Butfornow,youcanstillstickyourthumbout(actually,Ididn’tdomuchofthat,61justtoholdupmydestinationsign)andpeople—wonderful,caring,sharing,unafraidpeople—willstop.IntheUK,withitscheapcoachesandreasonablerailservice,Idon’tthinkI’llmake62ofit.Buthaving63itsomuch,I’mreadynowtodoabigtripacrossEuropeandbeyond.Inthe1970safemalefriendofmywife’shitchhikedto.Howwonderfulitwouldbetohaveanothergo,thoughAfghanistanmightbea(n)64.IwishI’dgotthatcommander’snumber.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.pickingC.D.gettingridA.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.55.A.safetyB.carD.road56.A. B.C.D.57.A. B.C.D.58.A. B.C.D.59.A. B.stopC.D.60.A. B.C.D.61.A. B.C.D.62.A. B.C.D.63.A. B.heardC.D.suffered64.A. B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Londonhas eacyclefriendlyzoneafterthelaunchofanewbikehirescheme.IthasbeendesignedtoencouragemorepeopletocycleinandaroundcentralLondon.Sohowdoesitwork？Firstyouhavetosignuptotheschemetobesentakey.Thekeywilltopayanaccessfeeforthekeyandthenyoupayasyougoforthelengthoftimeyouusethestationsincebytheendoftheyear.Thenewhiresystemishotoeasecongestion(拥挤)inLondonandisexpectedtocreateupto40,000extracycletripsadayintothecitycentre.LondonMayorBorisJohnstonlaunchedtheschemeandsaidLondonhadbeen“filledwiththousandsofgleamingmachinesthatwilltransformthelookandfeelofourstreetsand eascommonceonourroadsasblackcabsandredbuses”.firstdaysomepeoplefoundtheycouldn’tdocktheirbikeproperlyandtheirusageofthebikehadnotbeenregistered.TransportforLondondidadmittheyhadbeenexpectingafew“teethingproblems”andhavesaidtheywouldn’tchargeforthefirstdayasa“gestureofgoodwill”.Someotherpeoplehavecriticizedthelackofdockingstationsandlocksforthebikesaswellasthepriceitcoststohirethebicycles.Despitethecomments，thegreen-thinkingLondonMayorstillseemsverypositiveaboutthings,saying,“Mynforthecapitalto ethegreatestbigcyclingcityintheworldhastakenabigpedal-poweredpushforwards.”LondonMayorBorisJohnstonlaunchedthenewbikeschemeinorderto reducetheairpollutionofthe B.encouragethecitizenstotakeC.dealwiththecity’straffic D.increaseemploymentIfyouwanttohireabike,whatwouldyoudoPayforthebikeaccordingtothetimeyouusePayforthekeytoaCycleinandaroundcentralSignupasamembertogetaAllthefollowingaretheproblemsofthescheme thehighcosttohireanotchargingforthefirstdayofthenotregisteringtheirusageofthedockingthebikesFromthepassagewecaninferthat theLondonMayorisconfidentinthetheschemewillbecancelledbecauseoftheallthecitizensinLondonsupportthethecyclingrevolutionisnotSabinaCasteFrancoRomeOctober16,2011—TheU.N.WorldFoodprogramsaystherearegrowingconcernsoverfoodinsecurityinthedeveloworld.SomeofthoseconcernsarediscussedinareporttoagreewiththeSundayofWorldFoodDay.ThethemeforWorldFoodDay2011is“FoodPrices—FromCrisistoStability”.AceremonytomarkWorldFoodDaywillbeheldMondayattheheadquartersoftheU.N.FoodandAgricultureOrganizationinRome.Risingfoodprices,weatheremergenciesandpoliticalinstabilityaredeepeningthestruggleoffamiliestryingtoprovidefortheirhouseholdsinmanydevelonations.Thisyear’s“StateofFoodInsecurityintheWorld”report,publishedlastweek,focusesontheimpactoffoodpricevolatility,confirmingthathigh,unpredictablepricesarelikelytocontinue.Thereporthighlightedhowpoorconsumers,smallfarmersandcountriesdependentonimports,especiallyinAfrica,havebeendeeplyaffectedbythefoodandeconomiccrises.GregoryBarrowiswiththeWorldFoodPrograminRome.“IfyoulookattheceswhereWorldFoodprogramworksparticularlyindevelocountries,youseepopulationsofpeoplewhomightbespending60,70,80percentoftheirsalariesonpurchasingfoodfortheirfamilies”.Barrowaddedthatifprices echangefulandgenerallystartrising,evenbyasmallamount,itmeansthatmanyofthesepeoplearegoingtostruggletoputnutritiousfoodontheirtables.Thereportalsoshowedthatevenshort-termfluctuations(波动)inpricescanhavealong-termeffectondevelopment,andthatcuttingbackonnutritiousfoodinthefirst1,000daysofachild’slifecanaffectmentalandphysicaldevelopmentandfinally,futureearningcapacity.TheUnitedNationshasprogramsinceaimedatreducingthenumberofhungrypeoplebyone-halfby2015.Butmostobserversagreethistargetisunlikelytobereached.TheU.NWorldFoodprogramaimsto holdaceremonytomarkWorldFoodprovidefoodfordeveloshowconcernsoverfoodinsecurityinthedevelointroducetheU.NFoodandAgricultureOrganizationinTheunderlinedword“volatility”inparagraph2means A. B. C. D.Accordingtothereport,wecanlearnthat peopleinAfricahavebeeninfluencedbythefoodandeconomictheshort-termchangeinpriceshasnothingtodowithfoodpricechangeshavelittleeffectonchildren’sdevelopmentcanbeaffectedbythetakingofnutritiousInthepastfewdecades,thepopularbeliefintheareaoforganizationalbehaviourandorganizationalpsychologyhasbeenthathappyworkersarebetterworkers.However,newresearchattheUniversityofAlbertashowsthatsadworkersaremoreproductive.PsychologistDrRobertSinclairandhisformerPhDstudentCarrieLavisrecentlyconductedaseriesoffourstudiesaddressingtheeffectsofexperimentallyinduced(诱发的happinessversussadnessonworkproductivitybyaskingtheparticipantstobuildcircuitboards(电路板Inthefirststudy,sadpeoplecommittedsignificantlyfewererrorsthandidhappypeople(approximayhalfthenumberoferrors)buttherewasnodifferenceinthenumberofboardscompleted.Thus,sadpeopleweremoreproductive.InsimilarstudiesSinclairandLavisfoundthesameresultsalongwithevidencethathappypeoplemightnotdevoteasmuchenergytothetaskinordertomaintaintheirhappymoods—theyconsideredthattaskassomethingthatmightdetract(减去)fromtheirpresentfeelings.Conversely,sadpeopleappearedtobedevotingenergytothetaskinordertodivertthemselvesfromtheirsadfeelings.“Itisimportanttoknowthatthemoodswereunrelatedtothetask,”saidSinclair.“Unhappinessiscomingfromsomethingelse.”Thesefindingsarenotsurprising,saidSinclair,sincetherehasbeenagrowingbodyoflitureintheareaofsocialpsychologydemonstratingthatsadmoodsleadtomorecalmlengthyintentconsiderationand,often,morethoughtfuloraccuratejudgments.InSinclair’sfollowingstudies,whenpeoplebelievedthatthetaskwouldmakethemfeelgood,theydevotedmoreenergytothejob.Thebottomline,saidSinclair,isthatitisimportantfororganizationstotakeintoaccounttheemotionsoftheiremployees.Itseemsitcouldbebeneficialtocreatingsituationsthatleadpeopletobelievethatperformingtheirjobswillcausethemtofeelgood:thiscouldcauseincreasesinmotivationandsuperiorperformance.ThenewresearchdoneattheUniversityofAlberta sadnessleadstoaccurate C.sadworkersproduce D.happinesscanmakepeopledoThepurposeoftheseriesoffourstudiesconductedbyDr.Sinclair tofindouttheinfluenceofhappinessvs.sadnessontoaskthesubjectstobuildcircuittoprovethathappyworkersarebettertoexplorethewayshowtoproducehappinessorsadnessatAccordingtothethirdparagraph,thehappyworkersmightnotdevoteasmuchenergytothetaskbecause theyhatengthesamejobforalongtheyneverfeelhappinessdivertsthemfromtheirtheywanttokeeptheirhappyItissuggestedinthelastparagraphthat increasesinmotivationandsuperiorperformancearecompaniesshouldtakeintoconsiderationemployees’companiesshouldcreatesituationsthatmakeworkersfeelemployeesshoulddothetaskthatwouldmakethemfeelSectionSectionKeepyourbodyKeepyourbodyTakecareofKnowwhentogetadditionalAdopthealthyTipsfordealingwithGettingthesupportyou ysabigroleinliftingthefogofdepressionand away.Onyourown,itcanbedifficulttomaintainandsustaintheeffortrequiredtoisolationandlonelinessmakedepressionevenworse,somaintainingyourcloserelationshipsandsocialactivitiesareimportant.Depressionputsanegativespinoneverything,includingthewayyouseeyourself,thesituationsyouencounter,andyourexpectationsforthefuture.Butyoucan’tbreakoutofthispessimisticmindframeby“justthinkingpositive.”Happythoughtsorwishfulthinkingwon’tcutit.Rather,thetrickistorecenegativethoughtswithmorebalancedthoughts.Inorderto edepression,youhavetotakecareofyourself.Thisincludesfollowingahealthylifestyle,learningtomanagestress,settinglimitsonwhatyou’reabletodo,adoptinghealthyhabits,andschedulingfunactivitiesintoyourday.Whenyou’redepressed,exercisingmaybethelastthingyoufeellikeng.Butexerciseisapowerfultoolfordealingwithdepression.Infact,studiesshowthatregularexercisecanbeaseffectiveasantidepressantmedicationatincreasingenergylevelsanddecreasingfeelingsoffatigue.Scientistshaven’tfiguredoutexactlywhyexerciseissuchapotentantidepressant,butevidencesuggeststhatphysicalactivitytriggersnewcellgrowthinthebrain,increasesmood-enhancingneurotransmittersandendorphins,reducesstress,andrelievesmuscletension—allthingsthatcanhaveapositiveeffectonfessionalhelp.Needingmorehelpdoesn’tmeanyou’reweak.Sometimesthenegativethinkingindepressioncanmakeyoufeellikeyou’realostcause,butdepressioncanbetreatedandyoucanfeelbetter!SectionSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.AllovertheworldmentioningofEnglisheducationsuggestsapictureofthe“publicschools”,anditsuggestsinparticularthenamesofcertainveryfamousinstitutions—Eton,OxfordandCambridge;butpeopledonotalwaysrealizewhatcetheseinstitutionsoccupyinthewholeeducationalsystem.OxfordandCambridgeareuniversitieseachhavingabout12,000studentsoutofatotalofover250,000studentsatallBritishuniversities.Etonisapublicschool,andthebestknownofthepublicschools,which,inspiteoftheirname,arenotreallypublicatall,butindependentandprivatesecondaryschoolstakingboysfromtheageofthirteentoeighteenyears.Thepublicschoolsinrealityformaverysmallpartofthewholesystemofsecondaryeducation;onlyaboutoneoutoffortyEnglishboysgotoapublicschool,andoneoutof1,500goestoEton.Apartfromtheso-calledpublicschoolsthereisacompletesystemofstateprimaryandsecondaryeducation,whichresemblesinitsgeneralformthestateeducationinmostothercountries.Allchildrenmust,bylaw,receivefull-timeeducationbetweentheagesoffiveandsixteen.Anychildmayattend,withoutpayingfees,aschoolprovidedbythepublic,andthegreatmajorityattendsuchschools.Theymaycontinue,stillwithoutpayingfees,untiltheyareeighteen.InpresentinganoverallpictureofEnglisheducationitwouldbereasonabletoconcentrateonthestatesystemaloneandreferbrieflytothepublicschools.However,althoughthepublicschoolsarenotimportantnumerically,theyhavebeenEngland’smostpeculiarandcharacteristiccontributiontoeducationalmethods,andtheyhaveanimmenseinfluenceonthewholeofEnglisheducationalpracticeandontheEnglishsocialstructure.Forahundredyearsmostmeninleadingpositionsinbanking,insurance,highfinance,someindustries,thearmy,thechurchandconservativepoliticshavebeeneducatedatpublicschools.(Note:Answerthequestionorcompletethestatementsinnomorethan12Britishpublicschoolsarenotastheirnamessuggestsbecausetheyare Thepublicschoolsarenotimportantincertainsensesbecause WhymustallBritishchildrenbetweentheageoffiveandsixteenattendaWhydopeopleeasilythinkofpublicschoolswhenBritisheducationis

第II (共45分Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenintheGuidedDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin.闵行区2011学年第一学期高三期末质量调研考试英语试卷文字材现在是闵行区2011学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语测试时间。试音结束，测试现在开始I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.W:DoyouwantthesamecutasM:Almost.ButI’dlikeitalittleshorterovertheears.Q:What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwoM:Goodmorning.I’mheretoseeMr.W:Mr.AddisonwenttoWashingtonlastMondayforaconference,andwillbebackonThursdaynight.Ifyoulike,youmaycomeagainonFridaymorning.Q:WhenwillMr.AddisonW:Excuseme,couldyouhelpmefindTheSunAlsoRises,anovelbyErnestM:Whydon’tyousearchforitonthecomputeroverthere?It’smucheasierthanifyoulookatthetitlesontheshelves.Q:WheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeM:ThelecturethismorningwassoW:I’llsayIhadoneeyeontheclockthewholetime.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?W:I’dliketogotothemoviethisweekend.HowcanIfindagoodM:JustchecktheReader.Here.Ifyoufindoneworthwhile,letmeknow.Imightgoalong.Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydothisweekend?W:I’mangrywithTommy!Hekickedfootballthroughthebedroomwindow.TherebrokenglassM:IhopenoonewasQ:WhatisthemanconcernedM:I’mstillwaitingfortheclerktocomebackandmakesomecopiesofthispaperforme.W:Whybotherhim?I’llshowyouhoweasyitistoworkthemachine.Q:WhatdoweknowfromtheW:Tony,areyougoingtotown?Ihaverunoutofenvelopes.Canyoubringsomebackforme?Ihaveseveralletterstowritetoday.M:I’msorryIamnotgoinganywhere.ButIguessyoucangetthemfromthecampusQ:WhatdowelearnfromtheM:Youlooktired.ComehereandtakeaW:Manythanks.ButIfeeldizzywhensittingonthebus.Q:Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttotakeaseatonthebus?W:Danpassedphysics,eventhoughhehardlydidanyM:Howhemanagedthatisamysterytome.Ithoughtthecoursewasextremelydifficult．Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingAmericansarenowexperiencingachangeaboutattitudestowardstheworkweekandtheweekend.AlthoughsomecalendarsstillmarkthebeginningofaweekasSunday,moreandmorepeoplearecomingtoregardMondayasthefirstdayoftheweek,withSaturdayandSundayastheweekend.Infact,thewordweekenddidn’texistinEnglishuntilaboutthemiddleoflastcentury.InEnglandatthattime,SaturdayafternoonshadjustbeenaddedtoSundaysandholidaysasatimeforworkerstohaveofffromtheirjobs.ThisbecamecommonintheUnitedStatesinthe1920s,butastheworkweekshortenedduringtheGreatDepressoinofthe1930s,theweekendexpandedtotwofulldaysSaturdayandSunday.Somepeoplethoughtthistrendwouldcontinueduetoincreasingautomationandtheworkweekmightdecreasetofourdaysorevenfewer.Butsofarthishasnothappened.Inthefuture,thismightbepossiblebyaddingMondaytotheweekend.WhatdoesthespeakermainlytalkingAccordingtothespeaker,whatischanginginthewaypeoplethinkabouttheWhateffectdidsomepeoplethinktheincreasinguseofautomationwouldQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingAnideathatstartedinSeattle’spubliclibraryhasspreadthroughoutAmericaandbeyond.Theconceptissimple:helptobuildasenseofcommunityinacitybygettingeveryonetoreadthesamebookatthesametime.tocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.TheideacamefromSeattlelibrarianNancyPearlwholaunchedthe“IfAllofSeattleReadtheSameBook”projectin1998.Heroriginalprogramusedauthorvisits,studyguidesandbookdiscussiongroupstobringpeopletogetherwithabook,buttheideahasexpandedtomanyotherAmericancities,andeventoHongKong.TheonlyproblemcameupinNewYork,wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddifferentpopulation.Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunitycanbeachieved.OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrathermissedthepoint,puttingalltheirenergyandpassionintothechoiceofthebookratherthandiscussionaboutabookitself.Mostimportantly,asNancypointsout,thelevelofsuccessisnotmeasuredbyhowmanypeoplereadabook,butbyhowmanypeopleareenrichedbytheprocess,orhaveenjoyedspeakingtosomeonewithwhomtheywouldnototherwisehavesharedaword.Whatisthepurposeoft