2018年高考英语全国专用考前冲刺卷（文档）（一） 含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精考前冲刺卷(一)第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1。5分，满分7。5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A。Rainy.B。Fine。C.Cloudy.2。WhatisSummerinParis？A。Afilm。B.Anewspaper。C。ATVprogram。3.Whydoesthemanmakethecall？A。Tomakeanappointment。B。TogethelpfromDrPhillips。C。Toaskabouthistestresults。4.Whenwillthewomangotomeettheman？A。At9:00tomorrowmorning。B.At9：30tomorrowmorning。C.At9：30thedayaftertomorrow。5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theenvironmentalproblem.B。Thehealthproblem.C。Theeducationalproblem。第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whomwasthepartyfor?A。Mary’ssister.B。Mary’sbrother。C。Mary’suncle。7。WhatisMarygoingtodo？A.Attendaclass.B。Typeapaper.C.Gohomeforarest。听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesn'tthewomanwanttogotoThailand?A.Itistooexpensivetoflythere。B。Theweatherthereisnotgood.C.Itsoundsabittoowild。9.WhatcantouristsdoinAmsterdamaccordingtothewoman?A。Swiminthecanals.B。Hikeinsideavolcano。C。Cyclearoundthecity。10。Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext？A.Searchonline。B。Buytickets。C.Makeplans。听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11。Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman？A。Sheisamusicfan。B。Sheknowsalotaboutjazzmusicians.C。Sheisinterestedinmodernart。12。WhomightberesponsibleforthenicknameofNewYorkCity？A。Americanpainters.B.Jazzmusicians。C.NewYorkfarmers。13。HowdoesthewomandescribeNewYork？A.Attractive.B。Crowded.C。Modern.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whydidthemanquithisjob？A。Hewasofferedabetterpositioninanothercompany。B。Thesalaryofthejobwasnotreasonable.C。Hecouldn’tbearthepressureofthejob.15。Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman？A.Heisquitegoodatdrawingcartoons.B.Heshouldtryhisluckatthefamousmagazine.C。Heshouldquithisjobinthepublishinghouse。16。Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A。Givesomeofherpersonalinformationtohim.B.Invitethewoman’sbrothertohishouse。C。Introducehimtothewoman’sbrother.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17。Howmanyexamplesoffamouspeoplearegiventoprovethepoint？A。Four.B.Five.C.Six.18。WhatdidRodinbecomefamousfor?A.Sculptures。B.Paintings.C.Music.19。WhywasWaltDisneyfired?A.Becausehewaslazyandinefficient.B。Becausehearguedwiththeeditor.C。Becausehelackedcreativeideas。20。Whatdoesthespeakerhopewewilldo？A。Workharderinschool.B.Trustourparentsandteachers。C.Haveconfidenceinourselves。答案1。B2。A3。C4。B5.A6.B7.C8。B9。C10。A11。C12。B13.A14。C15.A16.C17。B18.A19。C20.C听力材料Text1M:Ihopeitdoesn’traintomorrow。I’llgomountainclimbingwithJackson。W：Oh，goodidea。Ithinkitwillbefine.M：Areyousure？W：Yes，it'sjustreportedontheradio.Text2W：Let’slookatthenewspaper。MovieprogramsareusuallyonPage3。M：Hereitis。SummerinParisstartsateighto’clockintheevening。Text3M：Hello，thisisTomSmith。I’mcallingtoseeifmybloodtestresultsarein.W：DrPhillipsjustsentthemtothelablastnight,sotheearliesttheycouldbebackistomorrow。Text4W：CouldIinterviewyouforaprogramat9：00tomorrowmorning？M：I’msorry，MissRead。I’llbechairingameetingthen。Howabout30minuteslater？W：OK，we’llmeetthen.Text5W:Iwonderifourchildrenwillstillbeabletobreathecleanair,drinkclearwaterandseeabluesky。M：Iagreewithyou.Ithinkit’stimethatmanlearnedtoliveinharmonywiththeearth。Text6M：AreyoufeelingOK，Mary？Youlookprettytired.W:MysisterandIhadapartyforouryoungerbrotherlastnight.M：Wheredidyouhavetheparty?W：Atmyuncle’shouse。Then，rightaftertheparty，Ihadtostarttypingachemistrypaper。SoIdidn'tgetmuchsleep.Theprofessorsaidhewouldn'tacceptanylatepapers.M：Idon’tknowhowyoumanageit.Ican’tdealwithasituationlikethat.W：Well，I’mgoinghometohaveagoodrest。Seeyoulater。Text7M：Let’sgotoHawaiiforourvacation!I’veheardthatyoucanactuallygohikinginsideavolcanothere！W：Hmm，thatsoundsabittoowildforme。Besides，it'sreallyexpensivetoflythere.M：OK,whataboutThailand?It’scheaptoflythere，andthebeachesaresupposedtobefantastic!W：Yeah，butisn’tsummerthewetseasoninThailand？M：Oh,Ididn’tthinkaboutthat.W：Hey,Ihaveanidea！Whydon’twegotoHolland？M：Holland?Whatistheretodooverthere?W:Hollandisn'tlikeotherplacesinEurope。InAmsterdam，youcantakeboatsaroundthecity’scanalsandridebikeseverywhereelse！Therearealsomanyfamousmuseumsthere,andtheforestandtheseasideareonlyacoupleofhoursawaybytrain.M：Well，thatdoessoundnice，butI’msureit'sexpensivetogettherefromhere。W:Actually，therearesomeamazingdealsonflightstoEuroperightnow.Theyreallywanttoencouragetouriststogothere。M：Let’sgoonlineandseehowmuchitwillcost。Ifwecanfindagooddeal，weshouldbuyourticketsandstartplanningrightaway。Text8M：AreyoureadyforthetriptotheBigApple？Icanhardlywait。W:TheBigApple?We’renotheadingtotheBigApple。M:TheBigAppleisanothernameforNewYorkCity.YouaregoingtoNewYorkwithus,aren’tyou？W:Yes，that’strue。I'mespeciallylookingforwardtoseeingtheMuseumofModernArt.There'saspecialshowof20thcenturyAmericanpaintingsthere。Buttellme，wheredoesthenametheBigApplecomefrom?M:Thejazzmusiciansofthe1920sareresponsibleforthename。Theygavealotofconcertsinthosedays.Everytimetheygaveaconcertinacity,theycalledthatcityanapple.Ofcourse，NewYorkwasthebiggestcityinourcountry，andthebestplaceforajazzconcert.SothemusicianscalledittheBigApple.W:Amazing！NewYorkissuchafascinatingplace。Text9W：Hello，Peter，howisyourjob？Areyouasbusyaseverbefore?M：Iquitmyjoblastmonth。W：Youquityourjob？Areyoudissatisfiedwiththesalary？M：Well,thesalarywasacceptable，butIwasundergreatpressure.W:That'saproblem.Thenwhatwillyoudotosupportyourself?M：Ifoundapart。timejoblastweek.Idrawcartoonsforafamousmagazine。W：Wonderful!Iknowyou’reanexpertindrawing。You’remadeforthisjob.M:Butit’sonlyapart。timejob.Ihavetofindafull.timejob.W：Youknow，mybrotherworksinapublishinghouseandtheywantedtofindsomenewemployees。M:Canyourefermetoyourbrother？Iwanttotrymyluck。W:Noproblem。ButasfarasIknow，youmustsubmityourpersonalinformationfirst.Thentheywillarrangeaninterviewforyou.M：Allright，thenhowcanImeetyourbrother?W：Iwillinvitehimtomyhousetonight.Ifyou'refree，youcancome.Let'ssay7p。m.?M：OK,I’llbethereontime.Text10DidyouknowthatAlbertEinsteincouldnotspeakuntilhewasfouryearsoldandcouldnotreaduntilhewasseven?Hisparentsandteacherswereworriedabouthismentalability.Beethoven’smusicteachersaidthisabouthim，“Asacomposer，heishopeless."Whatifthisyoungboyhadbelievedit？WhenThomasEdisonwasayoungboy，histeacherssaidhewassostupidthathecouldneverlearnanything.Heoncesaid，“IrememberIwasalwaysatthebottomofmyclass。..myfatherthoughtIwasstupid。”WhatifyoungThomashadbelievedwhattheysaidabouthim?WhenthesculptorAugusteRodinwasyoung，hehaddifficultylearningtoreadandwrite.Hisfathersaidofhim，“Ihaveanidiotforason。"Hisuncleagreed.“He’suneducable，"hesaid.WhatifRodinhaddoubtedhisability？WaltDisneywasoncefiredbyanewspapereditorbecausehewasthoughttohaveno“goodideas"。Whatifthesepeoplehadlistenedandbecomediscouraged？WherewouldourworldbewithoutthemusicofBeethoven，theartofRodin，ortheideasofAlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison？Youhavegreatpotential。Whenyoubelieveinwhatyoucanbe，ratherthanallyoucannotbecome,youwillfindwhatyou’remeanttodo。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.A(2017·广东深圳一模)Thefollowinglistincludessomebooksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork.TheGo。Giver，byBobBurgandJohnDavidMannIdidn'tevenexpectthatsuchashortbookcouldmakeahugedifferenceinmywaytowardslife.Itsimplyexplainscomplexlawsthatdirectmankind，andconcludesthatthereisalwaystruthintheopposite。DaoDeJing,byLaoZiDaoDeJingisoneofthefinestbooksonphilosophywrittenbyLaoZi，anancientChinesephilosopherandpoet。Itissincere，excitingandmakesyouthinkalot。Readitandgetintouchwiththecleareducativeunderstandingsthatgiveyouenoughtipstopursueyourlifegoalfullofpassion.TheScienceofGettingRich，byWallaceD.WattlesIhadmyownmisunderstandingsofgettingrichtillIreadthisbook。ThebookmadeahugedifferencetomylifeafterIdiscoveredthesecretsmentioned。Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich，notimmediately，butstepbystep。ThePowerofHabit，byCharlesDuhiggIneverknewhabitsplayedsuchanimportantroleinshapingourfutureuntilIreadthisbook.Itsays，youarewhatyourhabitsare，andalsosuggeststheproventechniquestocreatenewhabitsthatchangeourlifestylesandeventuallyourlives。Itismust­readforeveryonewhowishestoformlifetimehabits。TheRoadLessTravelled，byScottPeckPutsimply，buythisbookforthepathtowardsunderstandinginaspiritualwaythatstrengthensyourpersonalgrowth。Thisbooknevergivesyoueasysolutionstothechallengesoflife；itsimplysays，“Realsufferingispartoflife。”andleavesyouwithbetterunderstandingtoleadafulfilledlife.eq\x（语篇解读本文主要介绍了几本读者广泛推荐的非常受欢迎的书籍。)21。Whichbookcanhelpyouchaseyourdreampassionately？A.DaoDeJing。B.TheGo。Giver。C。TheRoadLessTravelled.D.TheScienceofGettingRich.答案A解析细节理解题.根据文中“DaoDeJing，byLaoZi”中的“Readitandgetintouchwiththecleareducativeunderstandingsthatgiveyouenoughtipstopursueyourlifegoalfullofpassion.”可知答案为A。22。Whocantellyouthesecretsofbecomingrich？A。LaoZi. B。ScottPeck。C。CharlesDuhigg。 D。WallaceD。Wattles。答案D解析细节理解题。根据文中“TheScienceofGettingRich，byWallaceD。Wattles"中的“Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich.。。”可知答案为D。23.WhichofthefollowingideasmayScottPeckagreewith?A。Habitscanshapeourfuture。B。Thereisalwaystruthintheopposite.C.Difficultyisoftenpartofpersonalgrowth.D。Weshouldfindeasysolutionstochallenges.答案C解析细节理解题.由题干中的ScottPeck可定位至最后一段。通读该段内容尤其“Realsufferingispartoflife."可知C项“困难只是个人成长的一部分”与之相吻合,故答案为C.24。Whatcanweknowaboutthebooksmentionedabove？A.Theyarealleasilywritten.B.Theyareallpopularbooks.C.Alltheirwritersareforeigners.D.Allthebooksareaboutlifegoals.答案B解析推理判断题.根据第一段的描述“Thefollowinglistincludessomebooksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork。”可知,这些书有那么多的读者推荐，故它们都很受欢迎。答案为B。B（2017·山东潍坊二模）Anewsconferencefortheupcoming2017China.MexicoCultureYearwasheldatthePalaceofFineArtsinMexicoCity，Mexico,onDec3.ChineseAmbassadortoMexicoQiuXiaoqiandofficialsfromministriesofforeignaffairsandeducationofMexicoattendedtheconference.QiusaidChina­MexicoCultureYearwillbeanotherlarge­scaleeventforthetwonation’sculturalexchangeafterthe2016China.LatinAmericanandCaribbeanCultureYear。As2017marksthe45thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsofthetwocountries，thecultureyearwillenhancethemutualcommunications。Mexicanofficialspraisedtheculturalachievementsoftwocountries’cooperation。In2017，asGuestofHonor，ChinawillattendtheNationalPotsinoFairFENAPOandabookfairinMexico.Andaseriesofactivitiesonvisualarts，music，literature，culturalrelics，films，booksandfoodwillbeheldduringtheevent。ArtistsfromtheChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestraperformedclassictraditionalChinesemusicafterthenewsconferenceinMexico。Dec3,2016。eq\x（语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道，墨西哥“中国文化年”将在2017年拉开序幕。）25。Whodidn'tattendtheconferencefortheupcoming2017China。MexicoCultureYear？A。ChineseAmbassadortoMexico。B.OfficialsfromministriesofaffairsofChina。C.OfficialsfromministriesofeducationofMexico。D。OfficialsfromministriesofforeignaffairsofMexico.答案B解析细节理解题.根据第二段内容“ChineseAmbassadortoMexicoQiuXiaoqiandofficialsfromministriesofforeignaffairsandeducationofMexicoattendedtheconference。"可知,选B。26。WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.China。MexicoCultureYearwillbethefirstlarge­scaleeventforthetwonation'sculturalexchange。B.2016isthe45thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsofChinaandMexico。C.Mexicanofficialsexpressedapprovalfortheculturalachievementsoftwocountries’cooperation.D。In2017，ChinawillattendtheNationalPotsinoFairFENAPOandanartfairinMexico。答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Mexicanofficialspraisedtheculturalachievementsoftwocountries’cooperation。”可知，墨西哥官员称赞两国合作的文化成果。故选C。27。WhatkindofmusicwasperformedbytheartistsfromtheChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestra?A。Classictraditionalwesternmusic。B。ClassictraditionalMexicanmusic。C。ClassicmodernChinesemusic。D。ClassictraditionalChinesemusic.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“ArtistsfromtheChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestraperformedclassictraditionalChinesemusicafterthenewsconferenceinMexico.”可知，会议结束后中国艺术家演奏了中国古典音乐.故选D。28。Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext？A.China­MexicoCultureYearWillKickOffin2017B。China。MexicoCultureYearCametoaSuccessfulEndin2016C。China。LatinAmericanandCaribbeanCultureYearCametoaSuccessfulEndin2016D。TheArtistsfromtheChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestraPerformedSuccessfullyintheNewsConference答案A解析标题归纳题。纵观全文，特别是第一段“Anewsconferencefortheupcoming2017China。MexicoCultureYearwasheldatthePalaceofFineArtsinMexicoCity，Mexico，onDec3。”可知，文章主要介绍了墨西哥“中国文化年”将在2017年开始。A项作文章标题最为合适。C(2017·福建南平一模)Deardaughters，Mostparentstelltheirchildren，“Youcanbeanythingyouwantwhenyougrowup.”IfeelthesameandIsaythisoften。ButIalsowantyoutounderstandthatadreamitselfcomesfromhardwork，somegoodluckandgoodtiming。Girls,herearesomewordsofwisdomasyoumakeyourwayintheworld。Firstly,beopen。mindedtochangingyourpathalongtheway。Inhighschool，Iwantedtobeapolitician。IleftmyhometownandwentofftocollegeinWashington,D。C.There，IdiscoveredthatIlovedtosupportwomen.IttaughtmethatI’mcreative，astrongleaderandgreatatmarketing.Asaresult，Imovedontobetheheadofanationalhealthcarenonprofit（非营利机构）。Becomingamotherwhileinthatjobopenedmymindtolaunchingabreastpumpbag(储奶袋)business.NowIrunahighlysuccessfulcompanythatIstarteduponmyown。Inmyopinion，youneedtofigureoutwhatyouaregoodatandwhatyouarepassionateabout。Keepanopenmind：theinitialpathyouchoosemayleadyouintootherareas。Don’twasteyourmoneyortime，butyoucanchangewhatyouaredoingbasedonwhatyouarelearningaboutyourself.Secondlyandmoreimportantly,rememberthatfailureisvitaltoyoursuccess.Iwon’ttellyoutofeelgoodaboutfailure。Failurecanbeheartbreaking。ButIwilltellyouthateveryfailureI’vehadalongthewayabsolutelymademebetter.FailingthemathexaminhighschoolandgoingtosummerschoolwasembarrassingbutI'veneverfailedanexamagain.Beingdeprived（剥夺）ofthejobforasignificantjobopportunitythatIwasmorethanqualifiedforbecauseofunfairassumptionshurtmebutIwentoutandgotabigjobatanationalorganizationatage27。It’sokaytogetangry！Takethatandturnitintopositiveaction。I’mproudtobearolemodeltoyouasamomandanentrepreneur（企业家).IhopeIinspireyoutobelievethatyoucanbeanythingyouwantandyoucanhaveanythingonyourlist.Itwillbemypleasuretowatchyourlivesunfoldbeforemyeyes.Love，YourMomeq\x(语篇解读本文是妈妈给孩子人生路上的一些建议。)29。Theauthorhasachievedherfinalgoalas.A。apoliticianB.asocialworkerC。anentrepreneurD.theheadofanorganization答案C解析细节理解题.根据最后一段第一句“I’mproudtobearolemodeltoyouasamomandanentrepreneur（企业家)。"可知选C.30。Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffailurealongthewayinlife?A.Failureisimportanttosuccess。B。Failureisneverpositive.C.Failureisalwaysheartbreaking.D。Failuremakespeopleembarrassed.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Secondlyandmoreimportantly，rememberthatfailureisvitaltoyoursuccess。”可知,作者认为失败对成功来说是很重要的。故选A。31。Theauthorwasoncedeprivedofasignificantjobopportunitybecause.A。shelackedworkexperienceB。shewaswronglyjudgedasunfitforitC。shewastooyoungD.shewasnotasqualifiedasothers答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Beingdeprived（剥夺)ofthejobforasignificantjobopportunitythatIwasmorethanqualifiedforbecauseofunfairassumptionshurtmebutIwentoutandgotabigjobatanationalorganizationatage27.”可知选B。32。Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.AMom'sAdviceB.AMom'sLifeStoriesC.BeWiseinChoosingYourCareerD。HowtoBeSuccessfulinLife答案A解析标题归纳题。纵观全文，作者以妈妈的身份在谈自己的成功与失败。根据第一段最后一句“。.。herearesomewordsofwisdomasyoumakeyourwayintheworld。”可知本文是妈妈给孩子人生路上的一些建议.故选A。D（2017·北京海淀区零模）IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell­phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell。phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole。Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver。ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste，theconcentration(含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso。callede­wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals。Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals。Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell。phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell。TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease”。Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney。Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap（气泡垫）thatencasedyourtelevision？Fromthegovernments’pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax。payersbacktotheproducers。语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。33.BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthat.A.theweightofe.goodsisrathersmallB.e。wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC。naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine。waste答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知该研究表明电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量很高，再根据全文的写作目的可知，作者意在说明电子垃圾值得被充分利用。因此选B。34。Theresponsibilityofe。wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.A。fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernments答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，对电子垃圾的管理应该回到生产者那里,即以前是政府和纳税人对电子垃圾负责，现在应该转移到生产商那里。因此选B。35。Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A。Theincreaseine。waste。B.Thecreationofe.waste.C.Theseriousnessofe­waste。D.Themanagementofe。waste。答案D解析主旨大意题。文章前半部分指出了电子垃圾的数量在不断增加及其危害，后半部分提出了如何处理这些垃圾，由此可推知，如何处理电子垃圾是文章的主旨,因此选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。(2017·湖南株洲质检）Americansareobsessed（着迷的)withtellingtheirlifestories。Thisphenomenonisn’tsimplytheproductofthetechnologicalworld。36Peopleareeagertotellstoriesandarefascinatedbythoseofothers。Evenatpreschool,“sharingtime”isacommonMonday­morningactivitywheretheteenagerswillsitinacircleandtaketurnstellingastoryaboutsomethingtheydidovertheweekend.37InmanyAsiancountries，talkingaboutanddrawingattentiontooneselfcanbeseenassociallyinappropriate.Peopleareoftenunwillingtosharetheirlifestoriesanddonotencourageotherstodoso.ButtherearealsotimeswhenAsiansdosharetheirstories。38Asiansbelievethatapersonislargelydecidedbyhisorhersocialstatusandrelationships,leavinglittlereasontobroadcastdetailedandrevealingpersonalstoriestoestablishauniqueself。Ironically,themoreuniqueAmericansstrivetobe,thegreatertheirneedtofeelconnectedwithothers.Intheircultureofindividuality，relationshipsarehighlymobileandcanbeeasilyformedordissolved（破裂)。Sharingpersonalstoriesbringsthemcloserthroughtheexchangeofthoughts，feelingsanddesires。39ButthismotivationisnotnearlyasstrongamongAsians,forwhomsocialrelationsaregenerallyunconditional，obligatory（义不容辞的)andstable，andthereforerequirelittlemaintenance(维护)。40Americanparentsencouragechildrentosharetheirstoriesandcreateopportunitiestore­experiencethepastwithchildren。Asianparents，bycontrast，engagetheirchildrenintellingpersonalstorieslessfrequently。Whentheydotalkaboutachild'sexperiences，theyarenotparticularlyconcernedwithparent。childbondingbuttendtofocusondiscipliningthechild.A.Theytendtofocusmoreonouterfactsthanpersonaldetails.B.Ithelpsthemshapetheir“selves”andmakesthemwhotheyare。C。Interestingly，thisobsessionisnotnecessarilysharedinothercultures。D。Talkingaboutpersonalstoriesistocheerpeopleonwithpositivefeelings.E.Itconnectsthemlikemanydifferentpoints，holdingtheirsocietytogether.F。Sharingpersonalstoriesisalsoanessentialpartineverydayconversations。G。ParentsinAmericaandAsiadifferinhowtheysharememorieswithchildren。eq\x(语篇解读本文主要介绍了美国人和亚洲人在分享故事方面的文化差异。）36.答案F解析根据空后的“Evenatpreschool，‘sharingtime’isacommonMonday。morningactivity。。.”以及“.。。somethingtheydidovertheweekend”，这些都是围绕“sharingpersonalstories"的话题展开的,周一开晨会讲述周末的活动是日常对话的构成部分，因此选F。37。答案C解析根据空后的“InmanyAsiancountries，talkingaboutanddrawingattentiontooneselfcanbeseenassociallyinappropriate。”可知，该段落主要是对比美国和亚洲国家的文化差异。C项中的“sharedinothercultures”与之相对应。所以选C。38.答案A解析根据空后的“Asiansbelievethatapersonislargelydecidedbyhisorhersocialstatusandrelationships。。.”可知，在亚洲，人的社会地位和关系很大程度上决定了个人，即使分享故事也倾向于一些外在的事实，而不会过多谈及个人的细节.A项与之相符。因此选A。39。答案E解析根据空前的“Sharingpersonalstoriesbringsthemcloserthroughtheexchangeofthoughts。.."可知，关键的信息是bringsthemcloser,E项中的“holdingtheirsocietytogether”与之属于同一个范畴。因此选E。40。答案G解析根据空后的“Americanparentsencourage。..Asianparents，bycontrast。.。”可知,该段落对比了美国和亚洲国家的父母和小孩一起分享彼此故事的不同之处。因此选G.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2017·河南开封质检）Doyouthinkanindividualcanmakeadifference？AskRossanoErcolini，theGoldmanPrizewinner,whichisconsideredtheNobelPrizefor“41”.Ercoliniisayoung42inasmalltowninItaly。After43thenewsofreducingwasteontheradio，hedecidedtoteachhisstudentsto44paperandreplaceplasticwaterbottlesintheschoollunchroomwith45glasses.Whenhistownannouncedplanstoopenanincineratortoburnwaste，Ercoliniknewitwouldbe46tohisstudents。Incineratorsarehugeheatersthatburnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials，leavingbehind47。Youmightthinkitis48thansendingwastetolandfills.Itistruethatlandfills49space，smellbad，andthatpoisonousmaterialscanmakeundergrounddrinkingwater50touse.Butincineratorshavetheirown51。Burningwill52poisonousgasesintotheair,causingbreathingproblems.Peoplewillhavetowearamask53theygoout.Thesmokealsocausespollution,andeven54thegreenhouseeffect。Ercoliniwasworriedaboutthe55ofhiscommunityandfeltitwashisdutyto56them.Heorganizedtownmeetingsandtalkedabouthowtoreduce，reuseandrecycle。57，Ercolinihasadvocatedthezero。wastemovement，the58ofwhichistoreducethewastetotheleastpossibleamount.Hehasalready59plansformorethan50incineratorsinmanyItaliancities.60hisefforts，therearemorethan100zero.wastetownsinItalynow！语篇解读面对很多城市建立垃圾焚烧炉的计划，埃尔科利尼通过自己的努力让人们认识到焚烧垃圾的危害,并且通过倡导“零废弃物运动”使环境变得更加美好，他的努力终于得到了回报。41.A.Peace B。EnvironmentC。Medicine D.Literature答案B解析根据下文可知,埃尔科利尼在收音机上听到减少废弃物的新闻后，开始在课堂上教育学生做和环保有关的事情：教学生再利用纸张、用可重复使用的玻璃杯代替塑料杯等.由此可知,这个奖项是和保护环境（Environment)有关。故选B项。peace和平;medicine药品；literature文学.42.A.teacher B。farmerC.trainer D.gardener答案A解析根据下文的“hedecidedtoteachhisstudents。.。”可知，埃尔科利尼是一位教师（teacher）。43.A。watching B.readingC。hearing D.making答案C解析根据空后的“ontheradio"可知，他是通过收音机听到（hearing）减少废弃物这一消息的。44。A。fold B。rollC。tear D.recycle答案D解析从空前的reducingwaste及空后的replaceplasticwaterbottles可知，此处应指他教学生再利用纸张。fold折叠，折起；roll滚动,翻转；tear撕扯，扯破；recycle再利用，回收使用。根据语境可知选D项。45.A.colored B。reusableC.thick D.valuable答案B解析本文的主题和“环保"相关,且根据replace可知,此处指用可重复使用的（reusable）玻璃杯代替塑料杯。故选B项。colored有色的；thick厚的；valuable贵重的，有价值的。46.A.harmful B.necessaryC。suitable D。convenient答案A解析根据下文的“burnallwasteandpoisonousmaterials”可知，焚烧废弃物和有毒物质对学生是有害的(harmful).故选A项。necessary必需的;suitable合适的,适当的；convenient方便的，便利的。47.A.rock B。sandC.water D.ash答案D解析由常识可知，垃圾焚烧之后留下的是灰，所以选ash，而不是rock(岩石）、sand（沙子)或者water（水)。48。A。worse B.harderC.better D.further答案C解析下文介绍的是垃圾填埋的坏处：垃圾填埋场占空间、污染空气、污染水源等，所以此处是说你可能会认为焚烧垃圾要比把它们送到垃圾填埋场更好(better).故选C项.49。A.add B。fillinC。create D。takeup答案D解析根据常识可知，垃圾填埋场会占空间.takeup意为“占据(一定的时间或空间)”，符合语境。add增加；fillin填充；create创造。50.A。unsafe B.simpleC。regular D.illegal答案A解析根据常识可知,有毒的垃圾填埋会使得饮用水变