2022年安徽省马鞍山市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022年安徽省马鞍山市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.TopeoplelivingintheArctic,themeltingofsomeglaciersmaypermitnewopportunitiesfor______.

2.

Wecantellwhethersomeonesuffersfromdepressionornotby______.

3.

Thetypeoftechnologyprotectionsystem,whichmeanstheGMcropsthatfailstoproducefertileseeds,iscalled______.

4.

Animalscannotsurvivesomecatastrophiceventssuchasstarvation,disease,orcompetitionfromotherspecies.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Itcanbeeasiertochangeourdietalotthantochangeitalittle.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Theauthorthinksthattheoptionsgivenbythetwodifferentcampswouldnotworkandhesuggested______option.

7.

Differentfromanimals,thetreesinfluencetheearth'satmosphereby______.

A.expellingcarbondioxidefromtheirleaves

B.expellingoxygenfromtheirleaves

C.directlyreducetheblanketofgases

D.turningsomecarbondioxideintolignin

8.

Aspigeonsaretrainedtogetbackhome,theydonothavethepowerasothermigratorybirdshave.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

ByusingtheInductrack,thetrainwillslowdownandfinallyreston______whenthepowerisoff.

10.

Wedon'tknowtheexactnumberofMarkTwain'sworks.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.Changeblindnessreferstothephenomenonthat______.

A.manypeoplefailtonoticethebigchangearoundthem

B.peopletendtoignorethesmallchangesinthesurroundings

C.people'schoicescanbeeasilyinterruptedbyabigchange

D.quiteafewpeopledonothaveagoodsenseofdirections

12.

Asamatteroffact,wetosomeextentpay______wheneverweareinvolvedinpurchasetransactions

13.

Nearlyallnaturalwaterbodiesbearfishlifeexcepting______.

14.

Company'sresearchspendingfell6percentinthe______of200

15.WhyarebossesinthetelevisionindustrynervouswithZennstromandFriis?

A.ThetwohaverefreshedthemusicindustrybyKaZaA.

B.ThetwowoulddevastatethetelecomsindustrybySkype.

C.ThetwoalreadydestroyedthetelevisionindustrybyJoost.

D.ThetwomayruinthetelevisionindustrybyJoost.

16.

Instillairdropsofwaterlargerthan0.008inchindiameterwouldfalltoearth.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Evenifthecompanyoverallcannotpassthe12-questiontest,______maypassit.

18.

ValMacDonaldhelpsadultchildrenwiththeiragingparentissuesthrough______.

A.amagazineB.theInternetC.phonecallsD.homevisiting

19.

Whenthechlorophyllisdecreasing,______arethemostimportantweatherconditionsaffectthecolordisplaysofleaves.

20.ManyruralregionsinEurope,suchastheGreekvillageofPrastos,areplaguedwithenvironmentalhazardsasmoreandmorefieldslayunattended.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(46)

22.(31)

A.Becausetheyconsumeenormousquantityoffoodandwater.

B.Becausetheyhavebeencaughtformanyhundredsofyears.

C.Becauseithasbeennotedthattheyhavegoodmemories.

D.BecausetheyaredifferentfromAfricanelephants.

23.

【B10】

24.(35)

A.Symbolsofhappiness.

B.Symbolsofgreatness.

C.Examplesofcourageanddetermination.

D.Examplesofglory.

25.(17)

A.Adentist.B.Acook.C.Adietician.D.Atwirler.

26.

【B7】

27.(44)

28.听力原文：Theentertainmentprofession,or"showbusiness",attractsmanyyoungpeople.Unfortunately,onlyveryfewcanhopetobecomefamousandprosperous.(32)Talentisnotenough,becauseshowbusinessisascompetitiveasanyotherbusiness.(32)(33)Withoutagoodmanager,aperformercanneverhopetosucceed.Thisistrueforactors,dancersandcomedians,butperhapsmostofallforsingers.

"Pop"standsfor"popular",and(32)(34)apopsingerhastoworkveryhardtobecomepopular.Hemusteithergivethepublicwhattheyalreadywant,orhemustfindanewwayofsingingthatwillattracttheirattention.(34)Evenwhenhehassucceededandhisrecordsaresoldeverywhere,hecannotrelax.

Thelifeofasuccessfulpopsingerisnotatalleasy.Hecanonlyrelaxwhenheisalone,(35)becauseeverythinghedoesiswatchedandreportedinthespecialnewspaperwrittenforthe"fans".Thefansarethemostimportantpeopleintheworldforasinger.Theybuyhisrecords,theygotohisconcert,andmakehimrichandfamous.Buttheycanbeveryannoying,too.Sometimestheirenthusiasmgetssohystericalthattheydoanythingtogeta"souvenir".Theystealhandkerchiefs,theytearoffbuttons,andtheyevencutoffpiecesoftheunfortunatesinger'shair.Manysingershavebeenforcedtohide.Apopsingerhastospendalotofmoneyonclothes,becausehemustalwayslooksmart,or,atanyrate,different.Hemusthavealuxuriouscar.And-mostimportant-hemustalwayskeepsmilingforthebenefitofhispublic.

(33)

A.Diligenceandluck.

B.Agoodmanagerandluck.

C.Diligenceandmoney.

D.Agoodmanageranddiligence.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Mostpeopleknowatleastsomeoftheoldwaysofpredictingweather.Mostoftheseolderwaysdependedoncarefulobservationofthebehavior.ofanimalsandinsectsandoftheappearanceofclouds,thesun.themoonandgrowingplants.Butwearemostlycity-livingpeopleandhaveforgottentheoriginofmanyofthesewaysofforetellingweather.Weshouldnotlaughattheseexamplesofweatherwisdom,however.Sincetheyarebasedonwhatpeoplehaveseenyearafteryeartheyareoftenquiteaccurate.

Animalsarecommonlythoughttobemoresensitivetochangesintheweatherthanwehumanbeings.Oursenseshavebecomedull:wearenotsoclosetonatureandourlivesdonotdependsomuchonwarningsgivenbythesensesasanimalsdo.

Everycountryhasitsownparticularweatherwisdomconnectedwithanimals.Innortherncountries,wherewintersarehard,thebehavior.ofanimalswhichhibernateormigrateistakentoindicatewhatsortofwinteriscoming.Thesquirrelsmaybeseengatheringtheirfoodsupplyofnutsearlierthanusual;thedormousemaydigmoredeeplythanusual,themigratingbirdsmaygatherfortheirflightsouthearlierthanusual.Allthesesignswouldbeseenbythecountrymanaspredictionsofanespeciallyseverewintertocome.Accordingtosomanyexampleswecouldseeanimalsaresosensitive,andtheirsensesaremoreaccuratethanourhumanbeings.Ifwe'llfindtheextraordinaryoftheirbehaviors,sopayattentiontoit.

(27)

A.Becausemanypeoplebelieveinoldwaysofpredictingweather.

B.Becausecitydwellershavenootherwaysofpredictingweather.

C.Becauseitisbasedonlongexperienceandobservation.

D.Becausewehavenootheroriginsofforetellingweather.

30.(40)

31.(34)

A.In1585.B.In1584.C.In1583.D.In1586.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Ourenvironmentisbeingpollutedfasterthannatureandman'spresenteffortscanpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,moremotorvehicles,largercities,andthegrowinguseofman-madematerials.

Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatpollutioniscausedbyman—byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.Wemake"increasingindustrialization"ourchiefaim.Foritssake,wearewillingtosacrificeeverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountryintothecity,eagerforthebenefitsofmodernsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.

Isn'tittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhy?Itremindsoneofthestoryabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloudspeaker:"Ihavesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwearemakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwearelostanddon'tknowwherewearegoing."Thesadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenappliedtoourmodernsociety.

(27)

A.Developmentofindustry.

B.Healthylife.

C.Thefutureofchildren.

D.Cleanair.

33.

【B11】

34.

【B4】

35.(42)

36.听力原文：W:It'sapityyoumissedtheconcertyesterdayevening.Itwaswonderful!

M:Ididn'twanttomissthefootballgame.Well,I'mnotaclassicalmusicfananyway.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(13)

A.Themanwassorrytomissthefootballgame.

B.Themanattendedtheconcert,butdidn'tlikeit.

C.Themanwassorrythathedidn'tattendtheconcert.

D.Themanismoreinterestedinfootballthaninclassicalmusic.

37.(29)

A.Bystudyingthesignsaroundthemwitheyesandbrains.

B.Bychangingtheweather.

C.Bycontrollingtheweather.

D.Bylisteningtoothers'advice.

38.听力原文：M:Ourplanehasbeencirclingforalongtime.Whythedelay?

W:Theairportwasclosedforawhilethismorningandthingsstillarenotbacktonormal.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Theairportisclosedduetobadweather.

B.Theflightisfollowingitsregularschedule.

C.Theplanewillreturntoitspointofdeparture.

D.Anearlierclosureaffectedtheairport'sschedule.

39.听力原文：W:Mr.Wilson,yousaidyousawthebuscrashintothetruck.Doyouknowwhatcausedtheaccident?

M:Isawaboyridinghisbicycleinthestreet.Thebusdrivertriedtoavoidhittinghim.Hemadeasuddenturnandlostcontrolofthebus.

Q:Whatcausedthebus-drivertolosecontrolofthebus?

(19)

A.Hemadeasuddenmm.

B.Hedrovethebusoverabicycle.

C.Hetriedtoavoidhittingthetruck.

D.Hewasdrivingtoofast.

40.(24)

A.There'smuchtodobesidesworkandstudy.

B.It'sconvenientforpeopletogoanywhere.

C.Thenaturalenvironmentisbeneficialtochildren.

D.Thecountrysideisaperfectplaceforweekends.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Genetically-modifiedfoodstuffsareheretostay.That'snottosaythatfoodproducedbyconventionalagriculturewilldisappear,butsimplythatfood-buyingpatternswillpolarize:therewillbeanichemarket(瞄准机会的市场)forconventionalfoodstuffsjustasthereisfororganicfood.ItmayevenbethatGMfoodwillbecomethefoodofpreferencebecauseconsumerscometoappreciatethehealthbenefitsofreducedpesticideuse.

Currentlytherearesome20,000chemicalsinuse,butthescientistsonlyhavedetailedinformationonaround1,000ofthem.ToseetheadvantagesofGMfoodyouhaveonlytoconsidertherecentpressrevelationthattheaveragelettuce(莴苣)receiveselevenpesticideapplicationsbeforeitreachesthesupermarketshelf.I'msurechemicalsandtheirroleindiseasewillbecomeabigissueinthenextcentury,asthepopulationofthedevelopedworldworriesincreasinglyaboutitshealth.

ThereasonGMfoodwillnotgoawayisthatweneedathree-foldincreaseinfoodproductionbytheyear2050tokeeppacewiththeworld'spredictedpopulationgrowthtotenorelevenbillion.It'snotjustaquestionofmoremouthstofeedeither.Whatisoftenforgottenisthatalltheseextrapeoplewilltakeupspace,reducingtheoveralllandavailableforagriculture.

Theworldhas800millionhungrypeople.Untilnow,foodsupplieshavebeenincreasedbyimprovedvarieties,pesticidesandartificialfertilizers:thegreenrevolution.Nowwe'reontheedgeofanewrevolution:ageneticone.

ItmaywellbethatinthelongtermitisthedevelopingworldthatbenefitsmostfromGMfoods.It'struethatforthenexttenyearsorsoGMcropsmaybetooexpensive.Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere—oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedformoney—spinningcrops,likemaize(玉米)andcotton,itwillfilterdownandbecomeaffordableforall.Thisdoesn'tmean,unfortunately,thatfamineswilldisappear,butseverityanddurationwillbehelpedbyanimprovedabilitytoproduceanddistributefood.

WhymayGMfoodstuffsbelikedbypeopleinthefuture?

A.Becausetheywillbecheaperthanconventionalfoodstuffs.

B.Becausetheywillremovepeople'sworriesabouttakingmanychemicals.

C.Becauseitwillbemoreconvenientforpeopletogetthem.

D.Becauseconventionalfoodstuffswillnotbeavailableinthefuture.

42.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethate-mailsphonesaredesignedto______.

A.maketransmissionofe-mailmessagesfaster

B.makecommunicationthroughe-mailscheaper

C.makecommunicationthroughe-mailseasier

D.makecommunicationthroughe-mailsmorepopular

43.

【C3】

44.Privatecompanieshavebeengrantedalargestunofmoneytolaunchcampaignsasameasureto______.

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

ForAmerica'scolleges,Januaryisamonthofreckoning.MostapplicationsforthenextacademicyearbeginningintheautumnhavetobemadebytheendofDecember,soauniversity'spopularityisputtoanobjectivestandard:howmanypeoplewanttoattend.OneofthemoreunlikelyofficestohavebeenfloodedwithmailisthatoftheCityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY),apubliccollegethatlacks,amongotherthings,afamoussportsteam,bucolic(田园风味的)campusesandraucous(沙哑的)parties(itdoesn'tevenhavedorms),and,untilrecently,academiccredibility.

AprimarydrawatCUNYisaprogramforparticularlycleverstudents,launchedin2001.Some1,100ofthe60,000studentsatCUNY'sfivetopschoolsreceiveararethinginthecostlyworldofAmericancolleges:freeeducation.ThoseacceptedbyCUNY'shonorsprogrampaynotuitionfees;insteadtheyreceiveastipend(生活津贴)of$7,500(tohelpwithgeneralexpenses)andalaptopcomputer.Applicationsforearlyadmissionsintonextyear'sprogramareup70%.

Admissionhasnothingtodowithbeinganathlete,orachildofanalumnus,orhavinganinfluentialsponsor,orbeingamemberofaparticularlyaggrievedethnicgroup--criteriathatareincreasinglyimportantatAmerica'selitecolleges.Mostofthestudentswhoapplytothehonorsprogramcomefromrelativelypoorfamilies,manyofthemimmigrantones.AllthatCUNYdemandsisthatthesestudentsbediligentandclever.

Lastyear,theaveragestandardizedtestscoreofthisgroupwasinthetop7%inthecountry.AmongtherestofCUNY'sstudentsaveragesarelower,buttheyarenowjustbreakingintothetopthird(comparedwiththebottomthirdin1997).CUNYdoesnotappearalongsideHarvardandStanfordonlistsofAmerica'stopcolleges,butitsrecenttransformationoffersaneatparable(寓言)ofmeritocracy(知识界精华)revisited.

Untilthe1960s,agoodcasecouldbemadethatthebestdealinAmericantertiaryeducationwastobefoundnotinCambridgeorPaloAlto,butinHarlem,atasmallpublicschoolcalledCityCollege,thecoreofCUNY.City'sgoldeneracameinthelastcentury,whenAmerica'sbestknowncollegesrestrictedthenumberofJewishstudentstheywouldadmitatexactlythetimewhenNewYorkwasteemingwiththebrightchildrenofpoorJewishimmigrants.

Whatwentwrong?Putsimply,Citydroppeditsstandards.Itwaspartlytodowithdemography,partlytodowithearnestmuddle(糊涂的)-headedness.Inthe1960s,universitiesacrossthecountryfacedintensepressuretoadmitmoreminoritystudents.AlthoughCitywasopentoallraces,onlyasmallnumberofblackandHispanicstudentspassedthestricttests.

FromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthattheCityUniversityofNewYorklacksallthefollowingthingsEXCEPT______.

A.afamoussportsteam

B.bucoliccampuses

C.raucousparties

D.academiccredibility

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

OnDecember25,2000,manypeopleacrossNorthAmericareceivedarareChristmastreatwhenthemoonpassedinfrontofthesunresultinginapartialsolareclipse.

Solareclipsesoccurwhenthemoon【C1】______betweentheearthandthesun,andthemoon'sshadowcoverspartoftheearth;andatotalsolareclipsetakesplacewhenthemoon'sshadowblocksoutthesun【C2】______.WhatmadethisparticularsolareclipseuniquewasthatthiseventhasoccurredonDecembertwenty-fifthonly30times【C3】______thepast5000years,thelasttimein1954.

Butpeoplemustbeexceptionally【C4】______whenattemptingtoviewasolareclipse.Withouttakingprecautionary【C5】______,onecanpermanentlydamagetheretinaoftheeye;however,thereareseveralsafemethodsof【C6】______thisheavenlymarvel.

First,youcanviewasolareclipsebyusingeclipsesafetyglassesforfilteringoutthesun's【C7】______rays.Theyshouldbeusedwhenanypartofthesunisvisible.

Sunglassescanblockoutsomeofthesun'sultravioletrays,buttheresultscanbeverydeceptive.Theeye'snatural【C8】______tothisdarkenedstatewhenwearingsunglassesistomakethepupillarger,whichallowsinmorelightandcan【C9】______thedamagetoyoureye.

Youcanwatchaneclipsebyprojectingthesun's【C10】______onapieceofpapereitherbyusingatelescope,oreasieryet,bycreatingapinholeinapieceofpaperandviewingtheresultonanotherpieceofpaper,thuscalledapinholeprojector.

[A]lively[I]during

[B]passes[J]intensify

[C]among[K]measures

[D]careful[L]reaction

[E]target[M]investigating

[F]entirely[N]harmful

[G]image[O]poses

[H]witnessing

【C1】

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

High-speedtrainsareoftenthefastestwaytotravelbetweencitycentersinEurope,beatingshort-haulflightsforjourneysofupto550kilometers.Atspeedsofupto320kilometersanhour,thetraincertainlytakesthestrain;comparedtoairports,high-speedtrainstationsarestress-freecitadels(要塞)ofpeace.

Trainsalsoscorewellonthatshiftingequationofcomfort,convenienceandcost:Onshort-haulflights,flyingtimecanbeaslittleas20percentoftotaljourneytime.Whatcountsmostwithmiltravelisthequalityofuninterruptedtimefromthemomentyouboardtothetimeyouarrive:atrainstation's10-minuteaveragecheck-intimeforbusinesstravelersincludesgoingthroughsecurity.Takethelap-topanddoapileofworkinpeace.Astudyshowsthatbusinesstravelersarewillingtotraveluptofourhoursonahigh-speedtrainbecauseof"increasedproductivity"comparedwithairlinetravel,whilethelimitforleisuretravelersistripsofuptosixhours.

Railteam,similartoanairlinealliancesuchasOneworldorStarAlliance,aimstoofferseamlesshigh-speedtraintravelacrossEurope.If,foranyreason,atravelermissesaconnectionbecauseofalate-runningtrain,Railteamwillensurethathecantakethenextavailabletrain,irrespectiveofwhattypeofticketheholds.Frequentbusinesstravelershaveaccesstoloungesinover30trainstations.

Theservice'sdouble-deckertrainisaversionofthemodifiedV150TGVtrain(namedfortravelingat150meterspersecond)whichbroketheworldrailspeedrecordonApril3th,2007,bytravelingat575kilometersanhouronaspecialsectionoftrackbetweenParisandStrasbourg-fasterthansomelightairplanes.

TGVEsttrainscomewithspaciousandrecliningseats,adjustablelightingandspecial"family"areasinsecondclass;first-classpassengershavetheuseofmeetingspacesforuptothreepeople,Wi-Fi(无线局域网络)connectivityandindividualelectricaloutletsthatmakeitconvenienttoworka-longtheway.

Whilehigh-speedtrainschallengeairlinesonshortroutes,therearesynergies(协同配合)betweenthetwokindsoftransport.Air-raillinkstohigh-speedrailstationscanbefoundatmajorairportssuchasthoseinParis,Amsterdam,FrankfurtandBrussels.

Forjourneysofupto550kilometers,planesareinferiorto______.

48.

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheteachersbanharmfulexperimentstoanimalsinorderto

A.maintainecologicalbalance

B.pleaseanimalwelfaregroups

C.getfinancialsupportfromtheirsponsors

D.protectnecessaryharmlessexperimentsonanimals

49.Tostrengthenmoralinstruction,parentsshouldfixintotheirchildren'smindasenseof______.

50.

【C2】

51.

Themorecivilizedearlymentendedto______.

A.makepracticaluseofmeteorites

B.preservemeteoritescarefully

C.havenointerestinmeteorites

D.recognizewhatmeteoritesactuallywere

52.

Themostimportantcharacterexclusivetohumanbeingsis______.

A.humorB.courageC.determinationD.initiative

53.Inmanyindustrializedcountries,themostcommonfood-bornediseaseis______.

54.

High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra＄30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill______.

A.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

B.abandononlineshopping

C.buythemfromotherstates

D.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

55.

【C10】

56.

Accordingtotheauthor,howtodealwiththemedicalinsuranceduringunemployment?

A.Youhavetoaskforpaymentfromyourex-company.

B.YouhavetoaskforpaymentfromCOBR

C.Youhavetopaybyyourselfbetterthannothin

57.

Thechiefreasonwhymostemployeesarenotactiveinthecareerdevelopmentprogramisthat______.

58.

Itissuggestedinthefirstparagraphthatnoorganizationisauthoritativeenoughto______.

59.

Manufacturersmentionedinthepassagewereobligedtomakethebestofwarninglabelssbasto______.

60.

What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.OnlineadvertisingismoreeffectivethanTVadvertising.

B.GoogleandYahoo!arechallengingMicrosoftinthefieldofadvertising.

C.Google'snewadvertisingservicecouldmaketheinternetanevenmorevaluablemarketingmedium.

D.Onlineadvertisingispopularwithadvertisers.

四、5.ErrorCorrection(5题)61.We'veallusedthermometerstomeasuretemperaturebut

sometimesweneedtomeasuretemperatureinplacesyoucan'tput【S1】______

athermometer—forexample,insidearocketengine.Oneofthe

bestmethodsforthosereallyhard-to-get-toplaceisbasedonlaser【S2】______

spectroscopy.Lightfromalaserpointingattheregionofinterest【S3】______

isabsorbedbymoleculesandsomeofitarere-emittedback【S4】______

towardsthesourcewhereitcanbemeasured.There-emittedlight

isshiftedinfrequency(changedinwavelength)byamountsthat

dependonthemoleculeandalsothetemperatureandpressureof【S5】______

thesurroundinggasbecauseofcollisionsamongthemolecules.

Thesingle,sharpfrequencyfromthelaseristhussmearedoutin

toawholespectrumoffrequencywhoseshapecanbeusedto【S6】______

determinethetemperatureprovidedsothatthemolecular

transitionsandlineshapesareknown.Becauseit'isthemain【S7】______

componentoftheair,itisconvenienttousenitrogensinceits

molecularpropertiesareknownfromroomtemperatureto【S8】______

temperatureofabout1,200degreeCelsiusfromexperimental

measurements.Althoughthisisalargerange,itisfarshortof【S9】______

whatitisneededforsomeapplications.【S10】______

【S1】

62.

【S9】

63.Fearsofdeatharenotsoextensiveasmightbesupposed.

Inapublicopinionpollof1500adults,onlyabout4

percentshowedevidenceofdirectfearingtheirowndeath.【S1】______

Thosefearsthatdoexistapparentlychangewithage.Hall

foundthatyoungerindividualsfeartheoccurofdeath,【S2】______

whereasoldpeoplefearthecircumstancesofdeath.Inanother【S3】______

study,elderlypatientswereratedforsignsoffear

beforedeath.

Itwasfoundthatfeelingsofacceptance,anticipation,

and,insomecases,apathy,faroutnumberinstancesoffear【S4】______

beforedeath.

Thesefindingsseemtoindicateagenerallackoffear

aboutdeath,butthereisotherpossibleinterpretation.It【S5】______

maybemoreaccuratetosaythattheyreflectadeeply

ingrainedtendencytodenytherealityofdeath.Themere

factthatdeathhasbeensomethingofataboosubject

suggestthatunderlyingfearsdoexist.WhenPsychology【S6】______

Todaysurveyeditsreadersonthesubjectofdeath,

itwasfoundthatlessthanone-thirdsofthosewho【S7】______

repliedtogrewupinfamiliesinwhichdeathwasopenly【S8】______

talkedabout.Theaverageperson'sexposureofdeath【S9】______

unfortunatelyconsistsoftheartificialandobviouslyunrealistic

portrayalsofdeathonTV.Ithasbeenestimatedthatby

thetimeapersonis14yearsold,heorshewillwitness18【S10】______

000TVdeaths.Withalmostnoexceptionthesewillhave

beenhomicides,notdeathsduetoillnessoraging.

【S1】

64.

【S3】

65.Theaboveexperimentshowsthatnotallthe

informationwhichisreceivedcanberetainedforeven

asecond.Theinformationistakeninallright,and【S1】______

immediatelythereafter,mostofitislostandcannot

berecalled.Onlyasmallpartcanberetainedfor

futureuse.Nowthisimmediate-forgettingisnotan

isolatedphenomenonoccursonlyinthepsychological【S2】______

laboratory,his,rather,thefateofmostofthe

informationwhichhumanbeingsareconstantly

receiving.Informationistakenin,andthebulkof

itvanisheswithinasecondandso.Onthewhole,this【S3】______

immediate-forgettingisadvantageous.Mostofthe

informationtakinginduringthedailyroundisof【S4】______

momentaryvalueonly.Itservestokeepusabreast

oftheever-changingrelationshipsamong【S5】______

ourselvesandourenvironmentand,thisservice

rendered,itsfurtherretentionwouldmerelyobstruct

theongoingflowofouractivities.Itisnecessary【S6】______

toretaineveryminutedetailofimmediatelypast

circumstances;andindeed,ifwedidretainthese

detailsth