大二轮英语11全书的版专题一第八节

第八节名词性从句thatthatwhatthatif/whetherwhichthat，whichwhatifwhetherScientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence sticisfindingitswayintothehuman 答案解析考查同位语从句。句意为：科学家已经获得的，这些表明塑料正在进入evidence的同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用连接词that。Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichis wearrived.(2018·江苏，21) 答案解析到达的。where表地点；when表时间；why表原因；howWithouthissupport，wewouldn’tbe wearenow.(2018·，11) 答案解析C项，where引导表语从句。句意为：4.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedwinstheceinthebicycle(2018·答案解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“人”whoever引导宾语从句。whomever在从句中作宾语，故排除。Every makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKite(2017· 答案解析whoeveranyonewhowhomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。Sheaskedme Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatI 答案解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了馆，Itisoftenthe anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016· 答案解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。1whatthat213whetherif645解题方法两步定引导考点 what和that引导的名词性从Peoplewhocanseewiththeireyescan’tunderstand practicaluseBraillecanbeoffortheblind. 答案解析whatof的宾语，表示“所……的(事)”。句意为：眼PartofthereasonwhyCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel，DavidCopperfield，was itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisown 答案解析此处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意为： They’vedonewhattheycantohelpHeisnolongerwhathewas.ThenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistentimeswhatitwasthreeyearsTheyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak，standingthereforwhatseemedlikeIn1492，ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。whatthatthat可以省略，其余的不能省略)。Hedoesn’tknowwhatsheIbelieve(that)hewillcometosee考点 Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield. 答案解析此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，B。句意为：成功到达最高水平的唯一方法就是要充分相信你在赛场上比其他任何人Ihaveno thecellphoneisn’tworking，socouldyoufixitfor 答案解析从句中主干成分不缺，故排除A、Didea的同位语。why为什么；if如果，是否。由句意可知选B项。句意为：我不知道为什么不be动Thenoticethatthemeetinghadtobeputoffwastrue.(同位语从句→ThenoticewasthatthemeetinghadtobeputThenoticethathereadjustnowwastrue.(定语从句考点 whether和if引导的名词性从Itisstillunderdiscussion theoldbusstationshouldberecedwithamodernhoornot. 答案解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由ornot可知此处应用连接词whether。whether...ornot意为“是否”。or或ornotIdidn’tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendthe我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(if代替I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedtheItremainstobeseenwhetherthisnispracticalenoughtokeeptheproject这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用ifThequestioniswhetheritisworth问题是它值不值得一试。(if代替Thequestionwhethertheworkis nghasnotbeen考点 —Irangyouataboutnine，buttherewasno—Oh，thatwas Iwasseeingthe 答案解析when引导表语从句，在从句中作时间状语。句意为：——9点打你，但Infact，Iwonder myeffortswereallinvain. 答案解析wonder，应该用疑问词连接，which可以在从句中作主语、宾语或Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain shewasandwaitforhermother. 答案解析remainAAsanewdiplomat，heoftenthinksof hecanreactmoreappropriayonsuch 答案解析此处为介词后所跟的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故选D项。句意为：作为一名whowho，why，how，where，when等在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省it作形式主语。see，l，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。WhowillbechosenasthebestsingerhasnotbeenItneveroccurredtomehowtoughitwastobeginanewlifeinastrangeIdon’tknowwhyitwasthatourheadmasterwasabsentfromsuchanimportantGrandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’swhereIwasborn.”考点 Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork. youcandohelps. 答案解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论做什么都会有帮助。从句谓语动词do缺少宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什Iwon’thaveanyone inhere. breakstheregulationwillgetpunished.A.tosmoke；Whoever B.smoke；NomatterwhoC.smoked；Nomatter 答案解析第一空考查短语：havesb.ngsth.让一直做某事；第二空为主语从句，引导主语whoevernomatterwho。句意为：我不会让任何人在这里吸烟的，不管是TheclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaWhoeverwantstoreachadistantgoalmusttakemanysmallPeoplecrowd cherrytreesareblooming，appreciatingthefreshspring 答案解析into的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语，用where引导宾语从句。故选D。Iguess impressesmemostabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses. 答案解析句意为：他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，guess后是所填词应该起双重作用，结合句意可知选D。Thesameboilingwatersoftensthepotatoandhardenstheegg.It’sabout madeof，notthecircumstances.(2019·市高三模拟) 答案解析句意为：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，指代事物，用what，故选B。Bobmadeapromisetothemanager theworkwouldallbefinishedontime. 答案解析句意为：鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，解释promise的内容，从句成分完整，引导词只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。 seemedanendlesswait，itwashisturntohavethejobinterview. 答案解析afterwhat引导这个宾语从句，并在Whenitcametoonlinegames，mydeskmateaskedmea Ihad hecalledAngryBirds.答案解析askedmeaquestion可知，第一空表示“是否”，故用whether引导同位语从句；第二空空格处在从句中作宾语，表示“所……的(事或物)”what。句意为：当谈到Manyexpertsholdtheview teachers’developmentis thekeytobettereducationliesin. 答案解析第一个空引导的句子在解释说明view的内容，是同位语从句，只起连接作用用beinwhat。句意为：很多Withyourhelp，thereisnodoubt ournismeantforwillworkoutsuccessfully.A.whatthat B.thatwhetherC.that D.whether答案解析句意为：有你的帮助，我们的计划将顺利完成。thereisnodoubtthat...是固定引导，whatournismeantfor意思是“我们计划的目的”。I’mconcernedaboutmostis wecancollectahugeamountofmoneyinsuchashorttime. 答案解析isaboutwhat的方式，所以用how来引导。iswillingtovolunteerinthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicsis etojoinus. 答案无论何时；whereveris前的主语从句“iswillingtovolunteerinthe2022BeijingWinterOlympics”中缺少主语，表示“任何人”，故答案是B。强化练(八Withprivategroups，thereisafalsesense everybodyinthegroupsknowseachotherandhasthesameinterestsinmind. 答案解析that引导同位语从句说明“afalsesense”的内容。句意为：与私人团体有关的一种错Sometimes，thekindoffoodweserve weshowour 答案解析考查宾语从句。句意为：有时候，我们为别人提供的食物暗示了我们如何表达我们的感激之情。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处是how引导的宾语从句，故选D。Thetechindustryexpo，whichattractedmorethan180,000people，wasareminderof techindustryisbestat:beingoptimisticaboutitself.(2019·镇四市高三联考) 答案解析18万多人参加的科技产业博览会提醒人们：of故用what引导宾语从句，表示“……的东西或事情”，故选C。Neverturndownajobbecauseyouthinkit’stoosmall.Youdon’tknow itcan 答案解析考查名词性从句句意为不要因为觉得工作太小就它你不知道它能通往何方Iwasgoingtopaybycashwhenitsuddenlyoccurredtome Ihadleftmypurseathome. 答案解析句意为：我正要付现金，这时突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。句型ItoccurredtoItisadifferentworldbutone offershugechallengestoambitiousyoungpeopleinterestedin ourUniverseworks.(2019江苏江都、华罗庚等中考) 答案解析考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意为：这是一个不同的世界，但对于对我们的宇宙如何先行词为one，应该用that来引导并在从句中作主语，第二空为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应该用how表示“如何”，故C项正确。MacronwaschosenforthishonorTrumpWhispercomesasnosurprisetothosewhohaveobservedhisclosebondwithTrump. 答案解析comes，前面又是个句子，且该句主干成分不缺，因此用that引导主语从TherearesomedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish，butdoyouknow differencescameintobeing? 答案解析TheresaMayaskedRussianofficialstoexin theywereresponsibleforthechemicalattackinSalisbury，England. 答案解析if引导宾语从句。句意为：特蕾莎·梅要求俄罗斯官—Thesmallrestaurantisalwayscrowdedinevery ithasauniquediningenvironmentandquiteafewwonderfuldishes. 答案AB。Itlooks youareill.Youshouldgotoseethedoctor. C.as 答案解析asthoughIfweloseloveandrespectforeachother，this wefinally 答案解析how引导表语从句，表示方式，how在从句中作状语。句意为：如果我们失去Aproposalwasputforwardatthemeeting thenewcementntshouldn’tbebuiltneartheschool. 答案解析proposal进行解释说明，从句不缺少成分，也不需要翻译出含义，因此要用that引导。Manystudentsareatalossasto theyspendsomuchtimeonlanguagelearning，butachievelittle. 答案解析asto后面要跟宾语从句，且连词要在从句中充当原因状语。句意为：很多学生感到困they’vemanagedtogeteverythingfinishedsoquicklyisnotcleartous. 答案解析示方式，因此选D。句意为：他们是怎么如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。ABorneo 假胜地)inMalaysia.LocateddeepintheDanumValleyConservationArea，theentireceisbuiltonwoodenpostswithwalkwaysabovegroundtopreservetherainfloors.Thesightingsofwildlifeattheaward-winningresortarecommon，evenattheresortgrounds.Andtheservicehereisoftoplevelwithprofessionalandknowledgeablestaffandguides.MuluMarriottResort&MuluMarriottResort&Spaisjustafive-minutewalkfromGunungMuluNationalPark，aUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteinSarawak，Malaysia.It’stheonlyfive-starluxuryresortintheentireMuluregion.Theresortofferseverythingfromabanquethall，theBalinese-stylespaandcookingclassestoculturaldemonstrations.Activitiesincluderainhikesandtheawe-inspiringMulucavetours.BelumRainBelumRainResortisthemaingatewaytothe130-million-year-oldBelum-TemengorRain，oneoftheoldestrainsintheworld.Thisfive-starresortofferssomeofthebestnatureexperiencesinPeninsularMalaysia.Theworld’slargestflower，Rafflesia，canbespottedallyearround.Birdsareabundant.RareMalayantigersorevenAsianelephantscansometimesbesighted.onconservationandenvironmentalpractice.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个位 Thebeautyofthe30-year-oldrainresortlieswiththelargenumberofhighlyendangeredanimalslivinginthereserve，makingitoneof语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个位 Whichisthebestdestinationforthoseinterestedinforeignculture?A.TabinWildlifeResort. B.BelumRainResort.C.BorneoRain D.MuluMarriottResort&答案解析MuluMarriottResort&Spa部分中的“Theresortofferseverythingfromabanquethall，theBalinese-stylespaandcookingclassestoculturaldemonstrations.”可知，MuluMarriottResort&Spa这一旅游胜地为游客提供的服务包括宴会厅、巴厘岛风格的疗养目的地是MuluMarriottResort&Spa。故选D。WhatdothefourceshaveinTheyareallfive-starTheyarealltropicalTheyareallhometorareTheyareallgloballywell-答案解析推理判断题。根据BorneoRain Lodge部分中的“inMalaysia”“preservetherainfloors”，MuluMarriottResort&Spa部分中的“afive-minutewalk...inSarawak，Malaysia”，BelumRain Resort部分中的“BelumRainResortisthemaingatewayto...oneoftheoldestrainsintheworld”“inPeninsularMalaysia”，TabinWildlifeResort部分中的“Thebeautyofthe30-year-oldrainresort”并结合可知，这四个地方的共同之处是它们都是热带旅游景点。故选B。BWespendalotoftimeonourdevicesthesedaysandautomakershavetakennote，rollingoutconnectedcarsthatmakeiteasytodonearlyeverythingfromyourphone.“Weallenjoythosekindsofexperienceswhereyouwantsomethingandbythepushofabuttoneverythinggetstakencareofforyou.Youdon’thavetogohereandthereandpieceabunchofthingstogetherbyyourself，”saidJimBuczkowski，directorofFordelectronicssystems.HerecentlyintroducedFordPass，a tformthatletscarownersaccessserviceslikefindingandpayingforaparkingspot.“Here’sthedetailofwhatchargeswillbe，andthenIsubmit，andthenIreceiveaQRphotoallowingmyentrytothatparkinglocation，”hesaid.AtBuick，theOnStarRemoinkappconnectsownerstotheircarsnomatterhowfarawaytheyare.“ThiscarinDetroit，IcouldstartfromhereinNewYork.OrletussayIhavetheonlykeytoitandmywifeinDetroitneedstogetinthecar，Icanunlockitforherfromhere，”saidStuartFowle，managerofBuickcommunications.connecttoitatanygiven“Wewantpeopletofeelasiftheywereathomewithinthecar，whichalotofpeoplewanttobeinjustforthedrivingexperience，nowtheycanbeinthere，andeventhepassengerscanbeinthereaswellfortheconnectivityexperience，”exinedRobPeterson，marketingmanagerforBuickcrossovers.Butwhatdoesthatconnectivitymeanforyourprivacy？Itisimportanttohavealinformationtocreatethatindividualized，alizedexperience，butcertainlyitwillbeaconsumer’soption.Forcertainconsumers，itmaynotevenbeanissue.Therecertainlyisafactorwhereayoungerconsumerismuchmorecomfortablegivingupalotmoreprivacyanddatathananolderconsumeris，andmorelikelythannot，youaregoingtoseeabehaviorsimilartohowtheyhandletheir alprivacywithinthevehicle.Consideringhowcapableour deviceshave e，perhapstheonlyquestionlefttoansweris：“Who’sdriving？”语篇解读语篇解读WhatdoJim’swordsintendtoThepopularityofTheadvancedtechnologyFordPassTheconvenienceofThehugeeconomicbenefitsFordPass答案解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Weallenjoythosekindsofexperiences...Youdon’thavetogohereandthereandpieceabunchofthingstogetherbyyourself”可知，JimBuczkowski叙述andthenIreceiveaQRphotoallowingmyentrytothatparkinglocation”可知，JimBuczkowski继而阐述了FordPass的操作细节，突出了其便利的特点。由此可推知，JimBuczkowski所说的话是为了表明FordPass的便利性。故选C。 答案解析词义猜测题。根据下文中的“Upto devicescanconnecttoitatanytime.”可推知，画线词所在句表示的是这一特点实际上利用了汽车的4GLTEemploy意为“使用，采用”，符合语境，故选AWhatcanweinferabouttheconnectivityfromthelastbutoneOlderdriverscommonlygoagainstDriversshouldattachvaluetotheirIt everypopularwithyoungUsersmayrisklettingouttheirprivacy答案解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容，尤其是“Itisimportanttohavealinformationtocreatethatindividualized，alizedexperience，butcertainlyitwillbeaconsumer’soption.”和“Therecertainlyisafactorwhereayoungerconsumerismuchmorecomfortablegivingupalotmoreprivacyanddata...”可知，使用这项连接服务的时候，要想获可能会自己的私人信息。故选D。“Whateveryourjobis，thechancesarethatoneofthesemachinescandoitfasterorbetterthanyoucan.”Asinnovationaccelerates，thousandsofjobswilldisappear，justasithashappenedinthepreviouscyclesofindustrialrevolutions.MachinespoweredbynarrowAIalgorithmscanalreadyperformcertain3-Dtasks(“dull，dirtyanddangerous”)muchbetterthanhumans.Thismaycreateenormouspainforthosewhoarelosingtheirjobsoverthenextfewyears，particularlyiftheydon’tacquirethecomputer-relatedskillsthatwouldenablethemtofindmorecreativeopportunities.Wemustlearnfromthepreviouswavesofcreativedestructionifwearetolessenhumansufferingandincreasinginequality.Forexample，somestatisticsindicatethatasmanyas3%ofthepopulationindevelopedcountriesworkasdrivers.Whenautomatedcars earealityinthenext15to25years，wemustofferpeoplewhowillbe“structurallyunemployed”somesortofcompensation andre-positioningopportunities.Fortunay，theSchumpeterianwavesofdestructiveinnovationalsocreatejobs.Historyvaluejobstomachinescanhaveapositiveimpactontheoverallqualityoflifeofmostworkers.TheATMparadoxisagoodexampleofthis.Astheuseofautomatic lermachinesspreadinthe1980sand’90s，manypredictedmassiveunemploymentinthebankingsector.Instead，ATMscreatedmorejobsasthecostofopeningnewagenciesdecreased.Thenumberofagenciesmultiplied，asdidtheportfolioofbankingproducts.Thankstoautomation，goingtothebankoffersamuchbettercustomerexperiencethaninpreviousdecades.Andthejobsintheindustrybecamebetterpaidandwereofbetterquality.Thisoptimistscenarioassumes，however，thateducationsystemswilldoabetterjobofpreparingourchildrento egoodatwhathumansdobest：creativeandcriticalthinking.Lesslearning-by-heartandmorelearning-by-ng.Fewerclericalskillsandmorephilosophicalinsightsabouthumannatureandhowtocatertoitsinfiniteneedsforartandculture. ecreativeandcriticalthinkers，ourchildrenwillneedknowledgeandwisdommorethanrawdatapoints.Theyneedtoask“Why？”“How？”and“Whatif？”moreoftenthan“What？”“Who？”and“When？”Andtheymustconstructthisknowledgebyrelyingondatabasesascognitivepartnersassoonastheylearnhowtoreadandwrite.Thus，thefutureofhuman-machinecooperationlookslesslikethescenariointhemoviesandmorelikeaMinorityReport-styleof“augmentedinligence”.Therewillbejobsifweadapttheeducationsystemtoequipourchildrentodowhathumansaregoodat:tothinkcriticallyandcreatively，todevelopknowledgeandwisdom，toappreciateandcreatebeautifulworksofart.Thatdoesnotmeanitwillbeapainlesstransition.Machinesandautomationwilllikelytakeawaymillionsoflow-qualityjobsasithashappenedinthepast.Butbetter-qualityjobswilllikelyrecethem，requiringlessphysicaleffortandshorterhourstodeliverbetterresults.NoNo，artificial ligencewon’tyourchildren’sPassageSupportingA WiththeriseofAI，machines threatenthesecuritydarkandgloomy.AnobjectiveThosenotskilledincomputerusingneedton24. areatahigherriskoflosingtheirjobstomachines.Drivers，facedwiththeincreasingpopularityofautomatedcars，needtobecompensated，25. forre-employment.TMsthoughcreate ApracticalAdjustmentsneedtobemadetoeducationsystemsby27. childrenforthejobs28. creativeandcriticalthinking. styleswillbeintroducedfordevelocriticalAsafeAIwon’tcostyourchildrentheirjobs.Instead，itwillmakemorecreativeand 语篇解读语篇解读答案解析“Whateveryourjobis，thechancesarethatoneofthesemachinescandoitfasterorbetterthanyoucan.”(不管你的工作是什么，这些机器都有可能比你做得更快或更好。)和最后一段最后两句“Machinesandautomationwilllikelytakeawaymillionsoflow-qualityjobsasithashappenedinthepast.Butbetter-qualityjobswilllikelyrecethem，requiringlessphysicaleffortandshorterhourstodeliverbetterresults.”(机器和自动化可能会像案为steal/take。答案解析概括词汇题。根据第二段第一句“Asinnovationaccelerates，thousandsofjobswilldisappear，justasithashappenedinthepreviouscyclesofindustrialrevolutions.”可知，这是一个令人担忧的现象。故答案为worrying。答案解析概括词汇题。根据第二段中“MachinespoweredbynarrowAIalgorithmscanalreadyperformcertain3-Dtasks‘d