2023年河南省部分重点高中高考英语质检试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年河南省部分重点高中高考英语质检试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）A

BestSleepMusicApps​​​​​​​

Ifyouwanttosleepbetteratnight,tryingasleepmusicappmightbetheanswer.Herearesomeidealsleepmusicappstochoosefrom.

Calm

Calmisoneofthemostpopularsleepmusicappsanditslargelibraryofrelaxingandsleep-causingtracksislargelyresponsibleforthat.Thisappoffersafreeversion,buttoreallytakeadvantageofwhatCalmhastooffer,youhadbetterchoosethepaidversion,whichcosts$69.99foroneyear.Alifetimemembershipis$399.99.

RelaxMelodies

RelaxMelodiesisintendedtocalmyourmindwithrelaxingsound.Thecomposerisvisualandeasytouse,andtheDiscoverpagegivesyouaccesstootherappfeatures,likebedtimestoriesandbreathingexercises.Thoughitsfreeversionprovidesagreatintroductiontotheideaofsleepmusic,thepaidversionunlocksalargerlibraryofsounds.Considerpayingforitifthere'reparticularsoundsorfeaturesthatreallyattractyou.

Headspace

Headspaceisafeature-richappdesignedinasimplewaythatmakesitquickandeasytouseitslibraryofsleep-specificmusic.TheSleepiconatthebottomoftheappiseasytoidentifyandleadstoalibraryofoptionsthatincludeSleepMusicandSleepRadio.It'sworthnotingthatnearlyeverythinginHeadspace'sSleepLibraryrequiresanextrasubscription.Headspacecosts$69.99annually,oryoucanpay$12.99permonth.

Pzizz

Pzizzofferssleepmusictracksyoucanuseatnaptime,bedtime,ortoimprovefocus.OnethingthatmakesPzizzdifferentisitsvoicenarration(旁白)option.Ifyoufindthepresenceofacalmingvoicetobecomfortingorbenefitfromsomeonehelpingyoutorelaxyourbodyandmind,thenPzizzisagoodchoiceforyou.Maleandfemalevoiceoptionsareavailableandthevoiceislowandcalm.Ithasafreeversionbutyoushouldpayforextrasubscriptions.1.Whichappallowsyoutocombinesleepmusicwithbreathingexercises?A.Calm. B.Headspace.

C.Pzizz. D.RelaxMelodies.2.Howmuchshouldyoupayatleastfortheone-yearsubscriptionofHeadspace?A.$12.99. B.$69.99. C.$155.88. D.$399.99.3.WhatisspecialaboutPzizz?A.Itsvoicefornarrationisfixed.

B.Itprovideslowandcalmmusic.

C.Itoffersvoicenarrationchoices.

D.Itsfocusissleep-specificmusic.B

Itsoundsimpossiblefora500-poundbeartobreakintoahousethroughasmallwindow．ButtheanimalknownasHanktheTankisnoordinarybear:Hehasusedhisextraordinarystrengthtoforceintoatleast28garagesinSouthLakeTahoeandisresponsiblefor152reportsofconflictbehaviorwiththelocalpeopleoverthepastsevenmonths.

"Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewheretrashiskept,"thepolicedepartmentsaidinastatement."Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages."

Themostrecentincidentoccurredlatelastweek,whenlocalpoliceofficerswerecalledtoahomeonCatalinaDrivewhenHankbrokeintoanothergarageandthepolicedepartmenthasplannedaspecialtrappingefforttoremoveHanktheTankfromtheneighborhood.Afterhe'scaught,itwilldecidewhetherhecanbeplacedinacontrolledhabitatorwhetherheshouldbekilled."WehopethatHankcanavoidthesadendingofanotherfamousbearfromtheTahoearea,"itsaid.

LikeHanktheTank,the500-poundbearnamedtheSafewayBearhadlostitsfearofpeople.ItwasknownfordrivingawayKingsBeachget-togethers,helpingitselftoabirthdaycakeandothertreats.In2020,itwascaughtoncamerastealingfoodfromagrocerystoreatLakeTahoe'snorthernshore.

ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthespringof2021,leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight,allowingthecollartoslipoff.

Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmallchildren.

"Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,"saidoneofthebiologists.4.Whatdothepoliceofficersprobablysuggestthepublicdo?A.Becarefulwithhowtheystorefood.

B.Replacesmallwindowswithbiggerones.

C.CallthepoliceoncetheyseeHanktheTank.

D.Putfoodoutsidetohelpthetrappingeffort.5.WherewastheSafewayBearsent?A.ElDoradoCounty. B.KingsBeach.

C.CatalinaDrive. D.LakeTahoe.6.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSafewayBear?A.IthadahardlifeintheTahoearea.

B.Itlostitsabilitytoliveinthewild.

C.Itsuccessfullygotusedtoanaturaldiet.

D.Itstolefoodandkilledpeopleonthebeach.7.Whatisthebiologist'sattitudetotheactionoftheshooter?A.Opposed. B.Skeptical. C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.CWhenwe’rethirsty,wedrink.Itseemssosimple.Butthesciencebehindthatdecisionisamazinglycomplex,aCaltechresearcherreportsinthejournalNature.“Therearemanythirst-relatedcheckpointsthroughoutthebodyandbrain,”saysYukiOka,theauthor.Oneofthefirstcheckpointsispassedwhenwaterreachesourmouth,whichgivesourbrainarefreshingfeeling.Thenourbrainneedstoknowhowmuchwaterwearetakingintofigureoutwhenweshouldstop.Itcan’twaituntilthewaterisabsorbedintothebloodstreambecausethatcantake15minutesormore.Sothebodyhasanadditionalcheckpoint,whichisswallowing.Theactofswallowingactslikeameter(计量器),whichthebrainmonitorstoquicklydeterminehowmuchwaterisenteringthebody.“Still,thebraintakesacomplextrust-but-confirmapproachtothisinformationandtheconfirmingprocesstakesacoupleofminutes,”Okasays.“Cellsneartheliver(肝)alsosendmessagestothebrainwhenwearedrinking.Thesecellsaren’tsensingthewaterdirectly.Experimentsshowtheyarerespondingtoachemicalthat’sproducedwhenwatermakesthebloodlesssalty.Inamatterofminutes,thechangeistranslatedintomoresensitivechemicalsignaltotellthebraintheexactchanges.”Thecheckpointneartheliverisnotthefinalone.There’sthengoingtobechangesinbloodpressurealongtheintestine(肠)whichcanbesensedaswell,thestudyreports.“Allofthesecomplexmultiplecheckpointstoregulatethirstcanbeexpected,giventhelife-or-deathnatureofourdependenceonwater.However,itjustshowshowcomplexanapparentlysimpleprocessactuallyworksinourbody,”Okasays.8.Whereisthecheckpointthatroughlymeasurestheamountofwaterwedrink?A.Inthemouth. B.Inthethroat.

C.Alongtheintestine. D.Neartheliver.9.Howmanythirst-relatedcheckpointsarementioned?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.10.HowdoesYukiOkafeelaboutthediscovery?A.Surprised. B.Confused. C.Encouraged. D.Overjoyed.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyAreMultipleCheckpointsNeeded?

B.WhereAretheThirst-relatedCheckpoints?

C.WhichCellMeasurestheWaterWeDrink?

D.HowDoOurBodyandBrainTellUstoDrink?DWhenculturalheritagesitesdisappear,they’regoneforever.However,theyarebeingendangeredatanalarmingratebyrisingseas(Venice),pollution(theTajMahal)andovertourism(AngkorWat).Justtonameafew.Butwhenwetrytoprotecttheseheritagesites,wealsohavetofacesuchthornyquestionsas“Whatpartofthepastisworthpreservingandpassingontothenextgenerations?Whatdutydoweowetothecreationsofourancestors?Whatstrengthdowedrawfromtheirpresence—andwhen,onthecontrary,dotheybecomealeadweight,preventingusfromprojectingourselvesintothefuture?”.Humankindhasansweredthesedifficultquestionsdifferentlyindifferentplaces.InDresden,Germany,theFrauenkirchewasan18th-centurychurchwhosebell-shapedtopwasalandmark.InFebruary,1945,oneofthemostdestructivebombingattacksofWorldWarIIkilledmorethan25,000peopleandreducedthecitytoruins.WithDresdenslowlyrebuiltafterthewar,theFrauenkirchewasleftinruins.ButafterGermanreunification,thechurchwasreconstructedusingmanyofitsoriginalmaterials,asastatementofpeaceandharmony.LiketheFrauenkirche,NotreDame,alandmarkinParis,whichwasdestroyedbyfirein2019,isbeingrebuiltascloseaspossibletohowitwasbefore,includingusingtheoriginalandpoisonousmetal—lead—fortheroof.Thatchoicewascontroversial,asfuturechoicesareboundtobeinthedebateabouthowtorestoreandpreservehistoricbuildings.Perhaps,noonecanclaimtohavetherightanswersonpreservation.Theremaynotevenberightanswers.Whatwewilldoistocontinuetotakecareofimportantculturalheritagesites,asamatterofsignificancetohumanity’spast,presentandfuture.12.Whichheritagesiteisovercrowded?A.Venice. B.Dresden. C.TheTajMahal. D.AngkorWat.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“thorny”inparagraph2?A.Tough. B.Smart. C.Interesting. D.Important.14.WhatdoestheauthordislikeabouttherebuildingofNotreDame?A.Thehighrebuildingcosts.

B.Thetimingofreconstruction.

C.Thechoiceofcertainmaterial.

D.Thesignificanceofpreservation.15.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Weshouldprotectasmanyheritagesitesaspossible.

B.Itisbettertoleavethedamagedhistoricbuildingsalone.

C.Historicbuildingsshouldberebuiltwiththesamematerials.

D.Heritagesitesserveasanimportantlinkamonghumanbeings.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）It'simportanttobeabletotalktopeoplewhennetworkingandbuildingstrongrelationships.Ifyouworkinaprofessionalrole,youprobablyneedtomakesmalltalksometimes.However,youmaydon'tknowhowtomakesmalltalk.Don'tworry.(1)

Putyourelectronicdevicesaway.Thefirststeptomakingsmalltalkistoputyourdevicesaway.Thisisasmallbutmeaningfulgestureinthisdigitalizedworld.(2)Givingyourfullattentiontothepersonyouarespeakingtoisgoodmanners.Also,itoffersachanceforyoutobuildarelationshipwithhim/her.

Listenfirst.Insocialsituations,onewaytoshowyouareofferingyourfullattentionistolisten.(3)Whenyouarelistening,showyouarepayingattentionbypractisingnonverbalcueslikenoddingandmakingeyecontact.It'salsoagoodactivelisteningpracticetorepeatwhatsomeonejusttoldyou.

Askopenquestions.(4)Forexample,"Howhavethingsbeen？"isabetterquestionthan"Haveyoubeenalright？".Thelatterrequiresa"yesorno"response,whiletheformerdrawsoutinformationinaconversationalway.

(5)Whensomeonetellsyousomethinginasmalltalkconversation,giveyourenthusiasticresponse.Yourpositivitynotonlycanshowyouarepayingattentionbutalsomightmakethemfeelvalued.Thisisgoodforbuildingarelationshipwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell.

A.Respondenthusiastically.

B.Herearesometipsforyou.

C.Theyaresomesimplebutusefulmethods.

D.Behaveproperlyinresponsetoopenquestions.

E.Whenyouaretalkingwithsomeone,listeningisalsoimportant.

F.Whenyouaskaboutthepersonyouarespeakingto,askopen-endedquestions.

G.Puttingyourphoneorcomputerawayshowsyoufocusonthepersonyouaretalkingto.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）EnedeliaMottram，whohasbeenworkingasalunchladyataschoolcanteenfor18years，wentstraighttoherhusband，ametalfabricator（装配工）tocreateamobilecart（小推车）.Together，theybothknewtheycoulddosomethingtohelpJuliannotonlygethis（1）______easierbutalsomakeiteasierforhimto（2）______attheschool.

Julianisn'tan（3）______firstgraderandheattendsaschoolthatisn'tbuiltforhis（4）______becausehehasdwarfism（侏儒症）.Butthatdoesn'tseemtostopthischeerfulkidfrom（5）______allthatlifehastoofferevenwiththeproblemswithbeinga（6）______person.Andhedid（7）______someonhisfirstdayofschool.

Hismomhadbeentothe（8）______toensureJulianwouldhaveeverythingheneededbutsheforgotto（9）______thelunchroom.Juliancouldn't（10）______thefoodnordidhehavea（11）______tocarryitorgetuponthebenchto（12）______andeathislunch.Enedelianoticedthatandknewherhusbandcouldoffer（13）______.

ThatnightshetoldherhusbandJamesaboutJulian's（14）______.Jamesthenstartedto（15）______—designingacart，completewithflames，apersonalizedlicenseplate，andabuilt-instepstool（梯凳）sothatJuliancanpullitoutwhenhe（16）______toreachsomethingattheschool.

Julian'smomHeatherwasaballoftearswhenshelearnedofthecartthatwas（17）______forherson.Itmeantalottoherthatsomeonewouldbeso（18）______toherchild.

Andnowthankstothelunchlady's（19）______，Juliancouldenjoyhislunchtimeand（20）______tourtheschool.21.

A.lunch B.invention C.learning D.exercise22.

A.takeoff B.slowdown C.breakdown D.getaround23.

A.intelligent B.ugly C.average D.energetic24.

A.character B.race C.size D.major25.

A.enjoying B.rejecting C.abandoning D.changing26.

A.tall B.large C.fat D.little27.

A.accept B.meet C.ignore D.overcome28.

A.restaurant B.school C.hospital D.factory29.

A.decorate B.close C.clean D.check30.

A.sell B.smell C.reach D.cook31.

A.dream B.way C.permission D.reason32.

A.sit B.watch C.speak D.sleep33.

A.education B.help C.guidance D.money34.

A.responsibilities B.responses

C.suggestions D.challenges35.

A.research B.resist C.work D.advertise36.

A.needs B.forgets C.promises D.pretends37.

A.made B.bought C.borrowed D.stolen38.

A.polite B.kind C.open D.true39.

A.modesty B.ambition C.honesty D.thoughtfulness40.

A.aimlessly B.cautiously C.freely D.painfully四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.Digitaldevicesareincreasinglytakingupourlivesthesedays，to（1）______many，ifnotmostofus，areaddicted.Newstudiesspringoutwithalarmingfrequencyaboutthedangerstoourphysicalandmentalhealthofbeinggluedtosmallscreens.Childrenwhoexpose（2）______（they）todigitaldevicesarenotexercising；peopleareworryingabouttheirbodyimagebecauseofonlinepressure（3）______"perfectbody"sites.Inastudyof1，000adults，researchersdiscoveredthatnearly50percentoftheparticipantsgotaddictedtosmartphones，but（4）______（be）unawareoftheirsmartphone（5）______（depend）.Thestudyisoneofmanycallsfor"digitaldetox"tobecomepartofourlives.

Thepracticeofdigitaldetoxvaries，including（6）______（switch）offfromtheInternettoenjoysomethingcalled"reallife".Thisalsoinvolvesthebygonecustomofconversingwithpeoplefacetofaceanddoing（7）______（day）things.TheorganizationDigitalDetoxsaid，"Wewantdetoxtoinspirepeopletorethinktheirdistancefromtheirdevices...tosetasidetimetogetenoughrest."Peopleneedtorelylessondigitaldevices（8）______（avoid）thenewphenomenonof"nomophobia"—NOMOBILEPHOBIA（恐惧症）.Lastyear，psychologistDrKia-RaiPrewitt（9）______（warn）ofthedangersofbeingtooabsorbedinsmartphones.Shewrote，"Ifyouignoreresponsibilitiesathomeorworkbecauseyouhavespent（10）______largeamountoftimeonline，thenconsideradigitaldetox."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加；在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：

（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

LastSunday，mineparentsandIclimbedMountainTaitoseethesunrise.At4：30onthemorningwewerealreadyonthetop，waitforthesuntorise.Atfirst，arayofsunshineappearedintheeast，andthenitbecamebrightandbrighter.Sudden，thesunsprangout，lookinglikealargeball，andtheskyintheeastbecamered.Later，thesunwasblockingbyapieceofcloud.Whenitappearedagain，andthesunchangedfromredtobrightred，andthentogolden.Asitrose，itbecamesilverywhiteandshoneout.Thesunwassobrightthatwecouldn'tlookedatitdirectly.Atthattime，wholemountainwasinthegoldensunlights.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校将举办一场英语演讲比赛，请你给外教Sally写封邮件邀请她担任评委。内容包括：

（1）写信目的；

（2）比赛介绍；

（3）表达期待。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）开头和结束语已为你写好。

DearSally，

Yourssincerely，LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、B、C【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四种睡眠音乐应用程序。

1.

根据RelaxMelodies部分中的RelaxMelodiesisintendedto...andbreathingexercises.（RelaxMelodies旨在用放松的声音让你的头脑平静下来。作曲家是可视化的，易于使用，探索页面让你可以访问其他应用程序功能，如睡前故事和呼吸练习。）可知，RelaxMelodies可以让你把睡眠音乐和呼吸练习结合起来。故选D。

2.

根据Headspace部分中的Headspacecosts$69.99annually,oryoucanpay$12.99permonth.可知，Headspace的年费是69.99美元。故选B。

3.

根据Pzizz部分中的OnethingthatmakesPzizzdifferent...islowandcalm.（让Pzizz与众不同的一点是它的声音旁白选项。如果你发现一个平静的声音的存在让你感到安慰，或者从帮助你放松身心的人那里受益，那么Pzizz对你来说是一个很好的选择。男声和女声可供选择，声音低沉而平静。）可知，Pzizz的特别之处是它提供多种旁白音的选择。故选C。

4~7.【答案】A、A、B、C【解析】【文章大意】文章讲述了进入人类居住区的两头熊，一头熊经常闯入车库寻找食物，另一头熊不害怕人类，最终没有适应野外生活而被射杀。

1.

根据第二段Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages.（他经常在附近闲逛，因为他不断地在车库里找到储藏食物这样的奖励）可知，熊闯入车库是因为他能找到剩余的食物，因此警方很可能建议公众注意储存食物的方式。

2.

根据倒数第三段ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.可知，这头熊最终被送到埃尔多拉多县的一个偏远的野生栖息地。

3.

根据倒数第三段...leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight...（这让生物学家们希望他已经成功地适应了自然饮食并减轻了体重）以及倒数第二段Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmallchildren.（但事实是令人心碎的。这头大熊只剩下从前的一个躯壳，在一个有小孩子参加的家庭聚会的营地被杀死。）可知，这头熊丧失了在野外生活的能力，瘦得只剩下躯壳，最终又重新闯入人类聚集地而被杀死。

4.

根据最后一段Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,"saidoneofthebiologists.可知，生物学家对于射杀行为是支持的，因为对这头熊来说这是最人道的结果。

8~11.【答案】B、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在简单的喝水过程中，在整个身体和大脑中都有许多与口渴相关的检查点。

1.

细节理解题。由文章第三段Sothebodyhasanadditionalcheckpoint,whichisswallowing.Theactofswallowingactslikeameter,whichthebrainmonitorstoquicklydeterminehowmuchwaterisenteringthebody.（所以身体还有一个额外的检查点，那就是吞咽。吞咽的行为就像一个仪表，大脑通过监测仪表来快速确定有多少水进入身体。）可知，吞咽这动作能测量有多少水进入身体，所以是在喉咙处。故选B项。

2.

细节理解题。由文章第三段Oneofthefirstcheckpointsispassedwhenwaterreachesourmouth,whichgivesourbrainarefreshingfeeling.（当水到达我们的嘴里时，第一个检查点就通过了，这给我们的大脑一种清新的感觉。）；文章第三段Sothebodyhasanadditionalcheckpoint,whichisswallowing.（所以身体还有一个额外的检查点，那就是吞咽。）；文章第五段Thecheckpointneartheliverisnotthefinalone.（靠近肝脏的检查点不是最后一个。）；文章第五段There'sthengoingtobechangesinbloodpressurealongtheintestine(肠)whichcanbesensedaswell,thestudyreports.（研究报告称，随后沿肠道的血压也会发生变化，这也可以被感知到。）可知，文章总共提到四个检查点。故选C项。

3.

情感态度题。由文章最后一段"Allofthesecomplexmultiplecheckpointstoregulatethirstcanbeexpected,giventhelife-or-deathnatureofourdependenceonwater.However,itjustshowshowcomplexanapparentlysimpleprocessactuallyworksinourbody,"Okasays.（“考虑到我们对水的依赖是生死攸关的性质，所有这些复杂的多个检查点都可以调节口渴。然而，这只是表明了一个表面上简单的过程实际上在我们体内起着多么复杂的作用，”Oka说。）可知，YukiOka认为喝水这么简单的动作却是如此复杂的过程，所以可推测他对这样的发现也比较惊讶。故选A项。

4.

标题判断题。由文章第二段"Therearemanythirstrelatedcheckpointsthroughoutthebodyandbrain,"saysYukiOka,theauthor.（有许多与口渴有关的检查点遍布全身和大脑。）以及后文可知，本篇文章主要介绍在简单的喝水过程中，在整个身体和大脑中都有许多与口渴相关的检查点。再结合选项可知，B项：WhereAretheThirst-relatedCheckpoints?（口渴相关的检查点在哪里？）符合文意。故选B项。

12~15.【答案】D、A、C、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们在保护文化遗产时要如何做出正确的选择。

1.

根据第一段的However,theyarebeingendangeredatanalarmingratebyrisingseas(Venice),pollution(theTajMahal)andovertourism(AngkorWat).“然而，它们正以惊人的速度受到海平面上升（威尼斯）、污染（泰姬陵）和过度旅游（吴哥窟）的威胁”可知，正遭受游客过多的困扰的是吴哥窟，故选D。

2.

根据第三段的Humankindhasansweredthesedifficultquestionsdifferentlyindifferentplaces.（人类在不同的地方以不同的方式回答了这些难题。）可知，第二段的“suchthorny

questionsas”后所列举的问题是难题，因此划线词thorny的意思应为“困难的”，和Tough意思相近，故选A。

3.

根据倒数第二段的LiketheFrauenkircbe,NotreDame,alandmark...Thatchoicewascontroversial（与圣母教堂一样，2019年被大火烧毁的巴黎地标性建筑圣母院也在尽可能接近以前的样子进行重建，包括使用原来的有毒金属铅作为屋顶。这个选择是有争议的）可知，作者不喜欢重建巴黎圣母院的材料的选择，故选C。

4.

根据最后一段的Whatwewilldoistocontinuetotakecare...past,presentandfuture.（我们要做的是继续保护重要的文化遗产，这对人类的过去、现在和未来都有重要意义。）可推断出，作者在文中要传达的信息是遗产是人类之间的重要纽带。故选D。

16~20.【答案】B、G、E、F、A【解析】（1）B.逻辑关系题。根据第一段However,you

may

don't

know

how

to

make

small

talk.Don't

worry.（然而，你可能不知道如何进行闲聊。别担心。）和后文的每个标题可知是给读者一些建立人际关系的方法，所以B.Here

are

some

tips

for

you.（这里有一些给你的建议。）符合语境，故选B。

（2）G.细节理解题。根据标题

Put

your

electronic

devices

away.（把你的电子设备收起来。）这是与人交谈的一个方法，与G.Putting

your

phone

or

computer

away

shows

you

focus

on

the

person

you

are

talking

to.（把手机或电脑放在一边表明你专注于与你交谈的人。）内容与标题相符，符合语境，故选G。

（3）E.细节理解题。根据本段标题Listen

first.（先倾听。）和后文When

you

are

listening,show

you

are

paying

attention

by

practising

nonverbal

cues

like

nodding

and

making

eye

contac（当你在听的时候，通过练习点头和眼神交流等非语言暗示来表明你在集中注意力。）可知说的是关于交谈中的倾听。所以E.When

you

are

talking

with

someone,listening

is

also

important.（当你和某人交谈时，倾听也很重要。）符合语境，故选E。

（4）F.推理判断题。根据标题Ask

open

questions.（问问题。）和后文For

example,

"How

have

things

been？"

is

a

better

question

than

"Have

you

been

alright？".（例如，"最近怎么样？"是一个比"你还好吗？"更好的问题。）可见就问问题给出了建议，所以F.When

you

ask

about

the

person

you

are

speaking

to,ask

open-ended

questions.（当你询问与你交谈的人时，提出开放式问题。）符合语境，故选F。

（5）A.标题归纳题。根据后文hen

someone

tells

you

something

in

a

small

talk

conversation,give

your

enthusiastic

response.（当有人在闲聊中告诉你一些事情时，给你热情的回应。）本段是在交谈时应该是热情回应的建议，所以A.Respond

enthusiastically.（热情回应。）符合本段的主旨，故选A。

本文就在建立人际关系与人交谈时。给读者提出了四条些建议。1.把你的电子设备收起来。2.先听。3.提出开放性问题。4.热情回应。

"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。

21~40.【答案】A、D、C、C、A、D、B、B、D、C、B、A、B、D、C、A、A、B、D、C【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.lunch午饭；B.invention发明；C.learning学习；D.exercise锻炼。根据下文Julian

could

enjoy

his

lunch

time

可知是他们可以做点什么来帮助朱利安让他的午餐更轻松。故答案为A。

（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.takeoff起飞；B.slowdown减速；C.breakdown坏了；D.getaround四处逛。根据句意可知是他们俩都知道，他们可以做些什么来帮助朱利安，不仅让他的午餐更容易，而且让他在学校里更容易走动。故答案为D。

（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.intelligent聪明的；B.ugly丑的；C.average平均的，平常的；D.energetic精力旺盛的。根据下文because

he

has

dwarfism（侏儒症）可知朱利安患有侏儒症所以不是正常的一年级生。故答案为C。

（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.character角色；B.race跑步；C.size大小；D.major专业。根据下文because

he

has

dwarfism（侏儒症）可知朱利安患有侏儒症所以学校很多设施的大小不适合他。故答案为C。

（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoying享受；B.rejecting拒绝；C.abandoning放弃；D.changing改变。根据句意可知但这似乎并没有阻止这个快乐的孩子享受生活所能提供的一切，即使是作为一个小人物的问题。故答案为A。

（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.tall高的；B.large大的；C.fat胖的；D.little小的。根据上文because

he

has

dwarfism（侏儒症）可知朱利安患有侏儒症所以个头很小。故答案为D。

（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.accept接受；B.meet遇到；C.ignore忽略；D.overcome克服。根据句意可知他在上学的第一天就遇到了一些困难。some指前面提到的problems。故答案为B。

（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.restaurant饭店；B.school学校；C.hospital医院；D.factory工厂。根据句意可知他的妈妈去了学校，确保朱利安有他需要的一切，但她忘了检查餐厅。故答案为B。

（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.decorate装饰；B.close关闭；C.clean打扫；D.check检查。根据句意可知他的妈妈去了学校，确保朱利安有他需要的一切，但她忘了检查餐厅。故答案为D。

（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.sell买；B.smell闻到；C.reach伸手够；D.cook做饭。根据上文because

he

has

dwarfism（侏儒症）可知朱利安患有侏儒症所以够不到东西。故答案为C。

（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.dream梦；B.way方式，方法；C.permission许可；D.reason原因。根据句意可知朱利安够不着食物，也没有办法拿着食物，也没有办法站起来坐在长凳上吃午饭。故答案为B。

（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.sit坐下；B.watch看；C.speak说；D.sleep睡觉。根据句意可知朱利安够不着食物，也没有办法拿着食物，也没有办法站起来坐在长凳上吃午饭。故答案为A。

（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.education教育；B.help帮助；C.guidance指导；D.money钱。根据上文And

he

did（7）some

on

his

first

day

of

school.可知朱利安有困难，所以我和丈夫决定帮助他。故答案为B。

（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.responsibilities责任；B.responses回复；C.suggestions建议；D.challenges挑战。根据上文And

he

did（7）some

on

his

first

day

of

school.可知朱利安有困难，因此那天晚上，她把朱利安面临的挑战告诉了丈夫詹姆斯。故答案为D。

（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.research研究；B.resist抵制；C.work工作；D.advertise登广告。根据句意可知，然后詹姆斯开始工作——设计了一辆手推车，上面有火焰，有个性化的车牌，还有一个内置的阶梯凳，这样当朱利安需要在学校拿东西的时候就可以把它拉出来。故答案为C。

（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.needs需要；B.forgets忘记；C.promises许诺；D.pretends假装。根据句意可知，然后詹姆斯开始工作——设计了一辆手推车，上面有火焰，有个性化的车牌，还有一个内置的阶梯凳，这样当朱利安需要在学校拿东西的时候就可以把它拉出来。故答案为A。

（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.made制作；B.bought买；C.borrowed借；D.stolen偷。根据上文designing

a

cart，complete

with

flames，a

personalized

license

plate，and

a

built-in

step

stool（梯凳）可知是制作手推车。故答案为A。

（18）考查形容词及语境理解。A.polite礼貌的；B.kind善良的；C.open开着的；D.true真实的。根据句意可知，有人对她的孩子这么好，对她来说意义重大。故答案为B。

（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.modesty谦虚；B.ambition野心；C.honesty诚实；D.thoughtfulness体贴。根据上文Enedelia

noticed

that

and

knew

her

husband

could

offer（13）可知Enedelia很贴心，能注意到朱利安的困难。故答案为D。

（20）考查副词及语境理解。A.aimlessly毫无目的地；B.cautiously谨慎地；C.freely自由地；D.painfully痛苦地。根据上文Julian

can

pull

it

out

when

he（16）to

reach

something

at

the

school.可知现在多亏了午餐女士的体贴，朱利安可以享受午餐时间，自由地参观学校。故答案为C。

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了EnedeliaMottram在学校食堂做了18年的午餐服务员，一天Enedelia注意到了患有侏儒症的朱利安拿午饭和坐在桌旁吃午饭比较困难，于是和她的丈夫设计了一辆便捷的手推车来帮助朱利安。

完形填空题的解题步骤：

1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。

2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。

3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。

4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

41.【答案】【小题1】which【小题2】themselves【小题3】from【小题4】were【小题5】dependence【小题6】switching【小题7】daily【小题8】toavoid【小题9】warned【小题10】a【解析】（1）考查定语从句。句意：如今，数字设备越来越多地占据着我们的生活，即使不是我们大多数人，也有很多人沉迷于此。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Digital

devices，在从句中作介词to的宾语，故填which。

（2）考查反身代词。句意：接触数字设备的儿童没有锻炼身体。结合句意可知，此处表示"使自己接触"，故用反身代词，故填themselves。

（3）考查介词。句意：由于来自"完美身材"网站的网络压力，人们对自己的身体形象感到担忧。结合句意可知，此处表示"来自"，故用介词from，故填from。

（4）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在一项针对1000名成年人的研究中，研究人员发现，近50%的参与者对智能手机上瘾，但没有意识到他们对智能手机的依赖。结合句意和got可知，此处用一般过去时，主语为nearly

50

percent

of

the

participants，be动词用were，故填were。

（5）考查不可数名词。句意：在一项针对1000名成年人的研究中，研究人员发现，近50%的参与者对智能手机上瘾，但没有意识到他们对智能手机的依赖。结合句意和their可知，此处用名词形式，表示"依赖"，为不可数名词，故填dependence。

（6）考查动名词。句意：数字排毒的做法各不相同，包括关掉互联网享受所谓的"现实生活"。此处用动名词作介词including的宾语，故填switching。

（7）考查形容词。句意：这也涉及到过去与人面对面交谈和做日常事情的习俗。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词things，故填daily。

（8）考查动词不定式。句意：人们需要减少对数字设备的依赖，以避免"无手机恐惧症"的新现象。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填toavoid。

（9）考查动词时态。句意：去年，心理学家KiaRaiPrewitt博士警告说，过于沉迷于智能手机会带来危险。时间状语为lastyear，句中用一般过去时，故填warned