初二英语上册知识点(短语、句型)

------------------------------------------------------------------------初二英语上册知识点(短语、句型)初二英语上册知识点（短语、句型）MODULE11、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment....用现在进行时，结构是be(am,is,are)+v-ing3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段时间,someday,next....用一般将来时，结构：will+v原\begoingto+v原（没有动词用be）4、如有yesterday,......ago,last....justnow.....用一般过去时动词加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物everyday每天,writedown写下，记下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的，日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么样eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常谢谢回答That'sallright.=You'rewelcome.=That'OK.=It'smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon'tyou+V原...=whynot+...V原为什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助别人helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事withone'shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的帮助helponeselftosth.请自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see,hear类似remembertodosth.想起记得要做某事，未做事rememberdoingsth.相起记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事welcomeback欢迎回来,newterm新学期thisterm这学期,nextterm下学学期,lastterm上学期,giveyousomeadvice给你一些建议whynot为什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯错误correctspelling正确的拼写,whatelse?=whatotherthings?还有什么apieceofadvice一条建议,follow/takeone'sadvice采用别人的建议,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄给某人sendfor派人去请/取sendup发射.allthetime一直enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可数)\much(不可数)许多,,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花费时间做某事sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花费时间做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花费钱买某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花费钱买某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人钱pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付钱Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人时间askfor请求，要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一块enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplacesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all,much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catch\holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上气不接下气,wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事,thenumberof…的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单,anumberof=many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。alargenumberof，asmallnumberof,invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.发现做某事怎么样trytodosth.尽力做事trydoingsth.尝试做某事trynottodosth.尽力不做某事tryone'sbest尽某人最大的努力,agroupof一组，一群,borrowsthfromsb.从某人处借入某物,lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借给某人某物keep借一段时间practicedoingsth.,练习做做某事comefrom=befrom来自,lookfor寻找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顾lookup向上看，查阅,looklike看起来像,lookat看着,lookonsb.as把某人看作,lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望，期待做某事lookover检查，翻阅,lookout当心，向外看,lookthrough仔细查看,bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor为…,beready准备好,be(get)readytodosth.准备做某事，乐意做某事translate…into…将…译成…，takeamessage捎个信，leaveamessage留个信，begoodfor对…有好处，begoodat=dowellin擅长于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅长…Thinkof想起，thinkabout想出，thinkover仔细考虑，else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where时放后，四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，3,read看书，报，4,look就看。看场电影要用see，读书看报用read电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样；makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友，hearof听说，hearfrom收到某人的来信，bebadfor对…有害，itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.写性格，品质 kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.对物的评价difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto…给…写信，nextto在…旁边，dosomeconcerts办音乐会，speaktosb.和某人讲话，sayhellotosb.给某人问好，saybyetosb.向某人说再见，showsb.aroundsomewhere带某人参观某地，learnsthfromsb.向某人学习choosethecorrectanswers选择正确答案,correctthemistakes改错,match…with…把…和…搭配起来建议：1.whydon'tyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Don'tforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Let'sdosth.8.It'sagoodideatodo9.wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.You'dbetter(not)dosth.回答：That'sagoodidea.Thanksalot.Great,OK.That'sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.

MODULE2现在完成时：1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently,ever,never,already,yet,just,beforestill连用；2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构：have(has)+过去分词，getinto=enter进入,what'sthepriceof…=howmuchis…问价格dreamabout梦到,dreamof梦见,aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界,staywithsb.与某人呆一起stayathome呆在家里,stayinbed呆在床上,walkto=goto…onfoot步行去takeoff脱下，起飞,landon/in/at着路,alloverChina,全中国,takeaseat=haveaseat请坐,cometure实现,flyto=goto...byplane(byair),坐飞机driveto=goto…bycar开车，attheendof在…尽头/结尾sellout卖光,attheend在结束时,havebeento去过（现在不在那儿）,havegoneto去了（现在不在说话地）everydayEnglish日常英语，firstprice一等奖，Themostexcitingexperience最激动人心的经历，beforelong不久，longbefore=soon=alittlelater很久以前，noproblem没问题，haveaproblemindoingsth.做某事有困难，workoutaproblem解决一个问题，invitesbtodosth,邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomeplace邀请某人去某地,oneday,某一天，（过去或将来）someday某一天（将来）,连系动词，一是be(am,is,are,was,were,)一感觉feel，一保持keep，三变become,getturn，四起来taste,smell,look,sound，后跟形容词作表语。不定代词：somebody,someone某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,noone，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。differentkindsof=allkindsof不同种类的，各种各样的，bytheendof到…末为止，不迟于giveaconcert=giveconcerts举办音乐会intheend=finally最后，终于，takeaphoto=takephotos照相，店cooksthforsb.=cooksb.sth.为某人做饭buy,makesuch+a/an+adj+单数名词=so+adj+a/an+单数名词(名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)交通工具的乘坐，takethe(a)+交通工具to,=go...by+交通工具=go...on/in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in，其余的可用in,on);walktosomewhere=goto...onfoot;flytosomewhere.=go....byplaneridetosomewhere=go...bybike,drivetosomewhere=gotobycar,akindof一种,bekindtosb对某人友善sincethen从那时起，takeoff脱下，起飞，请假,reckon=consider=regard=think考虑，认为,bereckoned(tobe),被以为reckon....as...相当于regard...as...把当成inthephoto,在照片里goabroad,出国beabroad,在国外travelabroad,到国外旅行sellout,卖光sellto,卖给某人sellwell卖得好,四个也：also,肯定，行前be后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；aswell,肯定，句末。gotosleep,去睡觉thepriceof,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。sellsthatahighprice,以高价出售，sellsthatalowprice,以低价出售。yet,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；haveawonderfultime玩得高兴,wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth,想要做某事wouldlikesb.todosth=watsbtodosth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已，用于完成时的肯定,；yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问；just,用于完成时justnow=amomentago用于过去时,arriveat(小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=getto,到达bring,从外往里拿，take,从里往外拿，carry无方向,fetch往返拿,morethan,=over,多于lessthan,少于alone,个体单独，独自；lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，mostof....的大多数,avisitto对...的参观,onavisitto....,参观...foravisit参观,payavisitto,拜访as...as....和....一样notas...as..=notso...as不如,so...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(forsb)todosth.befamousfor因...面著名(原因),befamousas以...身份或产地而著名preferdoingsth.todoingsth.=likedoingsthbetterthandoingsth更喜欢做某事,preferto更喜欢...prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,returnfromavisitto从...访问返回,benamedafter以...的名字命名,beproudof以....自豪,beuptosb.由某人决定,upto从事于,忙于,spacestation在太空站,showsthtosb.=showsbsth把某物给某人看,onbusiness出差,因...公事,在...的上面over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath,above在..上方,高出,反义belowinthesky=intheair在天空中,byair=byplane坐飞机,inthelastthreeyears在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,thelastestnews,最新消息，sharesth.withsb.与分享某物MODULE4geton/alongwithsb,与...相处,getonwellwithsb.与...相处融洽hearabout,hearof听说,infact实际上,theHopeSchools,希望学校lookafter=takecareof=carefor,照顾dropoutofschool,缀学takepartin,参加payfor,支付,付钱howlong,多长时间howsoon,多久getonbadlywith,与...相处不好hearfromsb.收到某人的信，邮件等onthefarm,在农场上inthelast+一段时间,inthpast+一段时间intherecent+一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时becauseof因为......,sellsth.tosb.=sellsb.sth.,把某物卖给某人buysthfrom...buysthforsb..给某人买东西getaneducation接受教育,takepartin=join参加,ingood/badhealth身体健康/不健康,careabout关心,在乎,takecare当心,howoften隔多久一次,stopdoingsth.停止做某事,stoptodosth.停下来去做别的事,dress/undressr+人,puton/wear/takeoff+衣,dropout退出,离队,dropin顺便来访,dropoutofschool退学pointat指着,pointto指向putonone'sclothes穿上衣服withthehelpofsb.=wihtsb'shelp在别人的帮助下withoutthehelpofsb.无人帮助的情况athomeandabroad在国内外非延续性动词变为延续动词：buy--haveopen--beopenjoin--beinborrow--keepdie---bedeadleave--beawaycomehere---beheregothere--betherebegin--beonfinish--beovermakefriends--befriendsgetready--bereadybuy--get/havearrive/getto/reach/come--bein\beat/stay,puton--haveon/weargetup--beup可延续性动词不可以与for或since连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for/since连用.other其他的，另外的，别的；another另一个人或事物；theother两个中的另一个；theothers其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，别的人或物MODULE5onearth,究竟，到底，可用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why等之后，相当于intheworld,用在否定句中相当于not...atall；afanof,...的迷giveaconcert=giveconcerts,举行音乐会befamousfor,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)befamousas,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)attheageof=whensb.was...yearsold,在...岁的时候notonly....butalso..不仅..而且(就近原则)上classicalmusic,古典音乐belongto,属于sthbelongtosb.物属于人across,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;hearof听说,beborn出生,gothrough穿过,I'mnotsure我不确定,I'msure肯定,makesb.+adj使某人怎么样,makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,takesb.around带人四处走走,apieceofmusic一首乐曲,inadditionto除...以外,buyhimaguitar=buyaguitarforhim给某人买吉他,goonwithsth.继续做某事,goondoingsth.继续做某事,dieof患..而死,常接hunger,cold,illness,cancer内部原因,diefrom由于..,而死,常接awound,anaccident,carelessness外部原因,learntodosth学做某事,learnfromsb.向某人学习,Learn...byheart熟记,背诵,learnone'slessonfrom...从...中吸取教训,反意疑问句:1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定.如有not,never,few,little,hardly,no,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did,hadbetter用had3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he,she,it,复用theywe;somebody,nobody类似的用they,和thing一起的用4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用willyou/won'tyou？否定祈使句，用willyou？5.Let's...用shallwe?letus....用willyou?,6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中;但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：Idon'tthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou?/Hedoesn'tthinkyouhavedoneit,doeshe?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定givesb.sth=givesth.tosb.给某人某物,givein投降,giveupdoingsth放弃,giveout分发,giveawayto对...让步,ontheearth在地球上,both....and既....又.....就近原则neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则either...or要么....要么.therebe,notonly...butalso就近原则,,maybe可能是.maybe=perhaps大概,也许Inadditionto..除...以外(还有)=besides,but除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形,except,除....之外(不包括)onholiday度假,ofcourse=,sure当然alltypesof呼种,parttimejob,一份兼职工作onone'sown独自,beledby由....带领

MODULE6过去进行时用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和atthattime,at点yesterday,then,lastnight,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning,whenIarrived等特定的过去时间连用。2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。结构：was/were+V-inggoon继续,goondoingsth继续做某事(同一件事),goontodosth继续做某事(另一件事),goonwithsth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,Howisitgoing?=Howareyougettingon/along?近况如何?bytheriver,在河边atthistimeyesterday昨天的这个时候,inatree=inthetree,在树上(外来物)onatree=onthetree,在树上,(树本身的)smileatsb.朝着某人微笑,laughatsb.嘲笑某人fallinto,掉进,跌入falloff掉下来,fallbehind,落后,跟不上fallinlovewith,爱上becareful,小心bymistake由于出错atthat/thistime在那/这时havenothingtodo没事可做,nothingstrange没什么奇怪的，takesth.outof....把...从...拿出来,happentodosth.碰巧做某事感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)underthhedge在树篱下面,godown下去,thinkabout考虑,thinkof想起，认为,thinkover仔细考虑,thinkout,想出thinkhard,努力想，努力思考Whathappenedtosb.?某人发生了什么事？beon上演，gooff熄灭，停，英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”not...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)somethingwrongwith...,出了毛病