2023届山西省临汾市高三下学期高考考前适应性训练考试（二）英语试题

临汾市2023年高考考前适应性训练考试(二)英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分，不计入总分)做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.₤19.15.B.₤9.15.C.₤9.18.答案：B1.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Goforawalk.B.Dosomeexercise.C.Goshopping·2.Howwillthemangotothetowncenter?A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.3.Whattimeisitnow?A.8:00.B.8:30.C.9:00.4.Howdoesthemansound?A.Worried.B.Surprised.C.Excited.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Managerandclerk.C.Waiterandcustomer.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.HowmanypeoplearethereinEric’sfamily?A.6.B.7.C.8.7.Whoisthewomaninredsweater?A.Eric’ssister.B.Eric’smother.C.Eric’sgrandmother.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Buytheshoes.B.Returntheshoes.C.Changetheshoes.9.Whatcolorshoesdoesthewomanlike?A.Blue.B.Yellow.C.Brown.10.Whatisthepriceoftheshoesthewomanwantstotryon?A.$30.B.$35.C.$40.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wherewasthemanborn?A.InNewYork.B.InSpringfield.C.InKansas.12.Whatdidthemanlikedoingwhenhewasachild?A.Drawing.B.Singing.C.Dancing.13.Whatalwaysinspiresthemaninhiswork?A.Education.B.Familylove.C.Nature.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.ThewayoflearningEnglish.B.PreparationsfortheNMET.C.Theimportanceofinterview.15.WhatdoesthemanthinkisthemostimportantinlearningEnglish?A.Interestinlearning.B.Agoodteacher.C.Agoodmemory.16.Howdoesthemanusuallyimprovehisgrammar?A.Bydrawingmindmaps.B.ByreadingEnglishpassages.C.Byrememberinggrammarrules.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whomayprobablyreadtheletter?A.Parents.B.Daughter.C.Teachers.18.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendaboutthephone?A.Itiskeptoutofthebedroomatnight.B.Itshouldbeforbiddencompletely.C.Itcanbeusedfreelyatschool.19.Whydoesthedaughtergetintroubleatschool?A.Shedoesn’ttalktoherclassmates.B.Shedoesn’tdohermathhomework.C.Shedoesn’tfollowherteachersinclass.20.Whatisthemostimportantaccordingtothewriter?A.Rules.B.Support.C.Communication.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhaleWatchingCruisesinMaineCruiseABarHarborWhaleWatchCo.—WhaleWatchCruisesPrice:Adultsfrom$75;kidsfrom$27Duration:3.5-5.5hoursThetourtransportspassengersthroughFrenchmanBayandintotheGulfofMaineinsearchofwhalesandothermarinelife.Guidesnarratethejourneytohelppassengerslearnaboutthewildlifeandtour-goersfindthemknowledgeableandpersonable.However,tripscangetcanceledduetopoorweatherandyoushouldbeflexible.CruiseBFirstChanceWhaleWatch—Nick’sChanceWhaleWatchingCruisePrice:Adultsfrom$59;kidsfrom$39Duration:4.5hoursAboardthecompany’swhalewatchingboat—Nick’sChance—youwillspendabout4.5hoursventuringthroughthesummerfeedinggroundsofminkewhales,bluewhales,rightwhalesandmore.Ifyoudonotseeanywhalesduringyourvoyage,FirstChancewillprovideyouwithapasstoreturnanothertime.FirstChanceWhaleWatchalsohostsasceniclobstercruisetourandaprivateeveningcruisealongtheMainecoast.CruiseCCap’nFish’sCruises—BoothbayHarborWhaleWatchingCruisePrice:Adultsfrom$71;kidsfrom$58Duration:3.5hoursYou’llgetaquicktouroftheBooth-bayHarborandseesomeofMaine’sfamouslighthousesandalsoseeplentyofwhalesonthistrip.Inadditiontoinformativenarration,thecrewoffersinstructionsonwhattolookforwhensearchingforwildlife.Thecruiseisalsopet-friendly,allowingdogstocomeaboardfor$20.CruiseDCap’nFish’sCruises—WhaleWatch&PuffinComboCruisePrice:Adultsfrom$87;kidsfrom$20Duration:4hoursThistourlastsatleastfourhours,givingyouandalsoyourdogplentyoftimetospotwhales,Atlanticpuffins,sunfish,dolphinsandmore.Meanwhile,petispermittedduringthetour.Anotherbonus?Ifyoudon’tseeanywhalesorpuffinsonyourtrip,you’llgetastandbyticketforanothercruiseatnocost.Tour-takersofferpositivereviewsforthetourandreportseeingnumerouswhalesandpuffins.1.Whichtourmaybecalledoffbecauseofbadweather?A.CruiseA. B.CruiseB. C.CruiseC. D.CruiseD.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonNick’sChanceWhaleWatchingCruise?A.Organizeasceniclobstercruisetour.B.Acquireapasstoreturnatanytime.C.Haveachancetofeedthewhales.D.Goonaprivateeveningcruise.3.WhatdoCruiseCandCruiseDhaveincommon?A.Theyareguidedtours. B.Theyaredog-friendly.C.Theyofferstandbytickets. D.Theyprovideinformativenarration.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是缅因州的四个观鲸游船的介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CruiseABarHarborWhaleWatchCo.—WhaleWatchCruise部分中“However,tripscangetcanceledduetopoorweatherandyoushouldbeflexible.(然而，旅行可能会因为天气不好而取消，你应该灵活一些)”可知，A游轮可能因为天气不好而取消。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据CruiseBFirstChanceWhaleWatch—Nick’sChanceWhaleWatchingCruise部分中“FirstChanceWhaleWatchalsohostsasceniclobstercruisetourandaprivateeveningcruisealongtheMainecoast.(第一次机会观鲸馆还举办了一个风景优美的龙虾游船之旅和缅因州海岸的私人夜间游船之旅)”可知，在第一次机会观鲸——尼克的机会观鲸之旅中，还举办了一个风景优美的龙虾游船之旅和缅因州海岸的私人夜间游船之旅。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据CruiseC中“Thecruiseisalsopet-friendly,allowingdogstocomeaboardfor$20.(这艘游轮对宠物也很友好，花20美元就可以带狗上船)”以及CruiseD中“Meanwhile,petispermittedduringthetour.(同时，参观期间允许携带宠物)”可知，在这两个邮轮中都是允许携带宠物的。故选B。BCimabue,thegreatestpainterinmedievalItaly,wassurprisedwhenhediscoveredthataflyhadlandedononeofhisworks.“Shoo!”heshouted,butitremainedstill.Finally,hereachedouttotouchtheinsect.Tohissurprise,hefoundonlywetpaint.ActuallyGiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.GiottodiBondonewasborninapoorfarmingfamily.LegendhasitthatwhilehewastendinggoatshedrewapictureonarockandthattheartistCimabue,whohappenedtobepassingby,sawhimatworkandwassoimpressedwiththeboy’stalentthathetookhimintohisstudioasanapprentice(学徒).IntheMiddleAges,anapprentice’sjobwastocopyhismasterasexactlyashecould,whichresultedinadistinctlackofnewideas.Infact,artintheMiddleAgesseemedtohavebeenstuckinarut.Thepeopleinpaintingsdidn’tlooklikerealpeople,andthesymbolismofartwasoftensoremotethatitmusthavebeendifficultforviewerstoconnectwithitonapersonallevel.ButGiottothoughtartcouldbesomethingmore.Toaccomplishthisgoal,Giottoadoptedmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonatthetime.Hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective,somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Finally,hethrewoutpartsofthesymbolismassociatedwithmedievalpainting.Forexample,atthattimetheChristChildwasusuallydrawnasamaturemanwhowasonlyababyinsize.ThissymbolizedthatChristwaswiseeventhoughhewasyoung.Instead,GiottopaintedtheChristChildasababy,whichemphasizedthehumanrelationshipbetweenthechildandhismother.TheideasGiottobroughttopaintingthroughouthisliferevolutionizedtheartworldandmadehimoneofthegreatestpaintersever.4.Whydoestheauthormentiontheflyeventinparagraph1?A.Toprovethepupiloutdoesthemaster.B.Tostresstheflywasvividlypainted.C.TorelatehowCimabuewastricked.D.Todemonstratearthasnolimits.5.WhydidCimabuedecidetoinstructGiotto?A.Giottowouldbeahelpfulassistant.B.CimabuedesiredtoridGiottoofpoverty.C.GiottobadlyneededCimabue’sguidance.D.CimabuesensedagreatpotentialinGiotto.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutartintheMiddleAgesinparagraph3?A.Itlackedinnovation. B.Ithighlightedrealism.C.Itbondedwellwithviewers. D.Itunderwentgreatchanges.7.WhydidGiottopainttheChristChildasababy?A.Toportraypeopleinarealisticway.B.Totrythetechniqueofperspective.C.Todistinguishhimselffromotherpainters.D.D.Tobringasenseofsymbolismtohispainting.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者乔托·迪·邦多内，介绍了其艺术特色，和绘画技巧等。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cimabue,thegreatestpainterinmedievalItaly,wassurprisedwhenhediscoveredthataflyhadlandedononeofhisworks.“Shoo!”heshouted,butitremainedstill.Finally,hereachedouttotouchtheinsect.Tohissurprise,hefoundonlywetpaint.ActuallyGiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.(契马布埃是中世纪意大利最伟大的画家，当他发现一只苍蝇落在他的一幅作品上时，他大吃一惊。他喊道“嘘”，但它仍然静止不动。最后，他伸出手去摸那只昆虫。令他吃惊的是，他只发现了未干的油漆。实际上，乔托是在契马布埃不在的时候画的这只苍蝇，它看起来如此逼真，以至于契马布埃完全被愚弄了。)”可知，第一段提到苍蝇是为了说明这只苍蝇画得栩栩如生。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“LegendhasitthatwhilehewastendinggoatshedrewapictureonarockandthattheartistCimabue,whohappenedtobepassingby,sawhimatworkandwassoimpressedwiththeboy’stalentthathetookhimintohisstudioasanapprentice(学徒).(传说他在放羊的时候在一块石头上画了一幅画，碰巧经过的画家契马布埃看到了他的作品，对他的才华印象深刻，把他收进了自己的画室当学徒。)”可知，契马布埃将乔托收为自己的学徒是因为觉得乔托极具艺术天赋，有发展前途。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“IntheMiddleAges,anapprentice’sjobwastocopyhismasterasexactlyashecould,whichresultedinadistinctlackofnewideas.Infact,artintheMiddleAgesseemedtohavebeenstuckinarut.(在中世纪，学徒的工作是尽可能准确地模仿他的主人，这导致了明显缺乏新想法。事实上，中世纪的艺术似乎已经变得呆板无新意。)”可知，中世纪的艺术缺乏创新。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.(他画他所看到的人的样子，而不是像其他艺术家画的那样过于高大和四四方方的人。)”以及“Instead,GiottopaintedtheChristChildasababy,whichemphasizedthehumanrelationshipbetweenthechildandhismother.(相反，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个婴儿，强调了孩子和母亲之间的人际关系。)”可知，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个婴儿是运用了写实的方式描绘人物。故选A。CWinemakersintheRiojaareainnorthernSpainmakesomeofthebestwineintheworld.Butinrecentyears,winemakerstherehavebeenhavingdifficultyproducinggoodwine.Theysaywhenthetemperaturewascooler,thewinetastedbetter,butitwas2.2degreesCelsiushigherthanaveragein2022.Now,ageneticresearchhasshownthatgrapevineslivingformorethan35yearsarebetterabletodealwithhightemperaturesbroughtbyclimatechange.ResearcherslikePabloCarbonellthinkoldergrapevinesmaybeabletogrowbetterinhighertemperatures.Carbonelllooksatrowsofgrayshapesonhiscomputerscreen.Amongthemwasagreenrectangle,whichrepresentsakindofgrapevinethatproducesgrapesthattakelongertoripen,eveninwarmerconditions.Alongerripenessperiodiswhatwinemakerswant.Thecurrentvinesproducegrapesthatarereadytopicktooearly.Suchgrapesdonotmakewinethathastherightcolorandsmellandhastoomuchalcohol.Peoplewhoworkinthevineyardshavelongcrossedoldvineswithnewones.Nowtheyareworkingwithspeciallaboratoriestofindaclimate-resistantvine.OneofthemistheVineandWineResearchInstitute,knownastheICVVinSpain.ThelabisworkingtokeeptheSpanishwinemakingindustryaliveastemperaturesrise.Thescientiststherearestudyingthegenomes(基因组)ofcommonlyusedgrapesinwineandlookingfortraits，orqualities，thatmightpermitthevinestosurviveinawarmerclimateinsteadoflookingformutation(变异)thatcausesdiseases.Inadditiontothegeneticresearch,scientistsarealsoworkingondifferentplantingmethods.AwinerycalledRODAisplantingvinesinacurveinsteadofastraightline.Thehopeisthatplantswillsoakupmorewaterthisway.Thenewvineyardismadeupofvinesthatwereover100yearsoldandmovedfromanotherplace.MariaSantolayaisanagriculturalengineerandpartofRODA’stechnicalteam.Shesaidthehotweatherwasveryproblematic.But,“ourbiggestconcern,”sheadded,“iswhatwillhappenin20or30years.Wedon’treallyknowhowthingswillcomeout.”8.WhatmainlycausesthequalityofwinetodeclineinSpain?A.Shortageofrainfall. B.Hightemperature.C.Geneticvariation. D.Geographicallocation.9.WhatdoestheCarbonell’sresearchfindinparagraph2?A.Grapespickedtooearlywon’thavethesugarcontent.B.Grapeswithalongerripenessperiodmakegoodwine.C.Grapesinhotregionswon’tlosetheiroriginalflavor.D.Grapesfromoldervineshaveariseinproduction.10.WhatisbeingdonetokeeptheSpanishwinemakingindustryalive?A.Makeuseofoldergrapevines.B.Developdisease-resistantgrapevines.C.Replaceoldgrapevineswithnewones.D.Cultivategrapevineswithabundantwater.11.WhatisMaria’sattitudetoclimatechange?A.Indifferent. B.Unclear. C.Worried. D.Conservative.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因温度升高，西班牙的酿酒师难以生产出好葡萄酒，目前他们借助科学，希望能解决这一问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theysaywhenthetemperaturewascooler,thewinetastedbetter(他们说，当温度较低时，葡萄酒味道更好)”可知，高温能导致葡萄酒的质量下降，故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Alongerripenessperiodiswhatwinemakerswant.(更长的成熟期是酿酒师想要的)”可知，成熟期较长的葡萄可以酿造出好葡萄酒，故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Peoplewhoworkinthevineyardshavelongcrossedoldvineswithnewones.Nowtheyareworkingwithspeciallaboratoriestofindaclimate-resistantvine.OneofthemistheVineandWineResearchInstitute,knownastheICVVinSpain.ThelabisworkingtokeeptheSpanishwinemakingindustryaliveastemperaturesrise(在葡萄园工作的人长期以来一直在用新的葡萄藤与旧的葡萄藤杂交。现在，他们正在与专门的实验室合作，寻找一种耐气候的藤蔓植物。其中之一是葡萄和葡萄酒研究所，在西班牙被称为ICVV。随着气温上升，该实验室正在努力维持西班牙酿酒业的活力)”可知，为了维持西班牙酿酒业的活力，老葡萄藤被充分利用，故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“MariaSantolayaisanagriculturalengineerandpartofRODA’stechnicalteam.Shesaidthehotweatherwasveryproblematic.But,“ourbiggestconcern,”sheadded,“iswhatwillhappenin20or30years.Wedon’treallyknowhowthingswillcomeout.(MariaSantolaya是一名农业工程师，也是RODA技术团队一员。她说炎热的天气很有问题。但是，“我们最担心的，”她补充道，“是二三十年后会发生什么。我们真的不知道事情会如何发展)”可知，Maria对气候变化持的态度为担忧，故选C项。DImagineyouboughtanewshirtanddidnotintendtobuyanewjacket,however,yousupposethatthenewshirtmakestheoldjacketlookworn.Youweakenandbuyanewjacket,newtrousers,evennewshoes.Beforeyourealizeit,youhaveawholenewwardrobe.Andmaybeanemptybankaccount.ThisiscalledtheDiderotEffect.DenisDiderot,awell-knownFrenchphilosopher,wastheco-founderandwriterofEncyclopedia.However，hewastoobadlyofftoaffordadowry(嫁妆)forhisdaughter.Hisonlyvaluablepossessionswerebooks.HearingofDiderot’sfinancialtroubles,CatherinetheGreat,theEmpressofRussia,offeredtobuyhislibraryatahighprice.Shortlyafterthisluckysale，Diderotacquiredanewdressinggown(长袍)whichhadahugeeffectonhislife.Ashewroteinthearticlein1769,thenewdressinggownmadehisotherbelongingsseemoldandunattractive.Thus,hebeganreplacingthem.Accordingtomanysocialscientists,itresultedfromapsychologicalneedforourpossessionstogotogetherandtoreflectourself-image.In1988,anthropologistGrantMcCrackencoinedtheterm“theDiderotEffect”todescribethisneedanditsinfluenceonconsumerism.MarketersutilizethisneedbydisplayingproductsinwhatMcCrackencallsDiderotUnities.AnexampleistheSwedishfurniturecompanyIKEA,whosemarketingusestwokindsofDiderotUnitiesinitsshops,websiteandcatalogue.Oneisdividingitemslikelampsandrugsintovariousfurniture“families”.Theotherisdisplayingitemsinfullyfurnishedrooms.ShopscountonallofthesetocreatetheDiderotEffect,makingthebuyerwanttheentirepackage.WemayoccasionallygiveintotheDiderotEffect,butknowingitexistscanhelpusresistitsowedon’tregretourpurchases.Beforebuyingsomething,askyourself,isitnecessary?Then,buyitemsthatmatchwhatyoualreadyhave.Andremindyourselfthatanewchairwon’ttransformyourbedroomintoashowroom!12.WhatcanweinferaboutDenisDiderotfromparagraph2?A.Hisbelongingswereoutofstyle.B.Heshowedinterestinnothingbutbooks.C.Hekeptonbuyingnewitemsaftertheluckysale.D.Hisnewdressinggownlandedhiminfinancialtroubles.13.Whyarepeoplealwaysbuyingthingstheydon’tactuallyneed?A.Toimprovetheirsocialstatus.B.Toshowofftheirbeautyandelegance.C.Tomaketheirbelongingsbettermatched.D.Tocaterfortheneedsoffamilymembers.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“utilize”meaninparagraph4?A.Getridof. B.Ignore. C.Affect. D.Takeadvantageof.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepaneyeonyourbankaccountB.EmbraceMinimalism:lessismoreC.TheDiderotEffect:atwo-edgedswordD.HaveyouevergivenintotheDiderotEffect?【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“狄德罗效应”，该效应使得我们在购物时经常会购买自己不需要的东西，文章作者希望我们在了解该效应后，购物时能保持理性。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“HearingofDiderot’sfinancialtroubles,CatherinetheGreat,theEmpressofRussia,offeredtobuyhislibraryatahighprice.Shortlyafterthisluckysale，Diderotacquiredanewdressinggown(长袍)whichhadahugeeffectonhislife.Ashewroteinthearticlein1769,thenewdressinggownmadehisotherbelongingsseemoldandunattractive.Thus,hebeganreplacingthem.(听说狄德罗的经济困难，俄国女皇凯瑟琳二世出价高价购买他的藏书。在这次幸运的拍卖之后不久，狄德罗得到了一件新的晨衣，这对他的生活产生了巨大的影响。正如他在1769年的文章中所写的那样，这件新睡袍使他的其他物品显得陈旧而没有吸引力。因此，他开始更换它们。)”可知，在幸运的拍卖后，他获得了一件新的晨衣，在这之后他就一直在购买新的物品。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Accordingtomanysocialscientists,itresultedfromapsychologicalneedforourpossessionstogotogetherandtoreflectourself-image.(根据许多社会科学家的说法，这是一种心理需求的结果，即我们的财产要齐头并进，以反映我们的自我形象。)”可知，人们之所以会购买许多不需要的东西，往往是因为买了一件新的东西后，希望其他的东西也与之相匹配。故选C。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“AnexampleistheSwedishfurniturecompanyIKEA,whosemarketingusestwokindsofDiderotUnitiesinitsshops,websiteandcatalogue.Oneisdividingitemslikelampsandrugsintovariousfurniture“families”.Theotherisdisplayingitemsinfullyfurnishedrooms.ShopscountonallofthesetocreatetheDiderotEffect,makingthebuyerwanttheentirepackage.(一个例子是瑞典家具公司宜家，其营销在其商店，网站和目录中使用了两种狄德罗单元。一种是将灯具和地毯等物品分成不同的家具“家庭”。另一种是在家具齐全的房间里展示物品。商店依靠所有这些来创造狄德罗效应，使买家想要整个包装。)”可知，营销人员是利用这种效应来布置展示产品的方式，从而使得人们想去购买。因此，划线单词的意思和“利用”相似。选项A“Getridof.(摆脱)”；选项B“Ignore.(忽视)”；选项C“Affect.(影响)”；选项D“Takeadvantageof.(利用)”。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ThisiscalledtheDiderotEffect.(这被称为狄德罗效应。)”可知，作者解释了我们之所以会购买不需要的东西，是因为狄德罗效应。而根据文章最后一段“WemayoccasionallygiveintotheDiderotEffect,butknowingitexistscanhelpusresistitsowedon’tregretourpurchases.Beforebuyingsomething,askyourself,isitnecessary?(我们可能偶尔会屈服于狄德罗效应，但知道它的存在可以帮助我们抵制它，这样我们就不会后悔自己的购买。在买东西之前，问问自己，这是必要的吗？)”可知，作者建议人们在了解了狄德罗效应后，在购买东西时，能够抵制住这种效应，理性购物。所以“HaveyouevergivenintotheDiderotEffect?(你曾经屈服于狄德罗效应吗?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Expressivewritingisacornerstoneofwellnessandwritingconnections.Ifyouarenotfamiliarwithit,youmaybeasking:“Justwhatisexpressivewriting,andhowisthatrelatedtomywellness?”Expressivewritingispersonalandemotionalwritingwithoutregardtoformorotherwritingconventions.____16____Itisonecommontoolusedbypsychologistsintherapyandhundredsofstudiesfoundthatitcouldbehealinginmanycircumstancessuchasforcancerpatientsorthosewithdisabilities.Expressivewritingtherapyworksbecauseitallowsyoutomakemeaningoutofapainfulexperience,expertssay.Recognizingthatsomethingisbotheringyouisanimportantfirststep.____17____Andcreatinganarrativegivesyouasenseofcontrol.Whatifyoudon’tconsideryourself“awriter”?Don’tworryaboutspellingorgrammar,anddon’tshareyourwritingwithanyone.Butdodigdeepintoyourthoughtsandfeelings.____18____.YanathaDesouvre,whoteachesentrepreneurshipatacollegeinMiami,tookupexpressivewritingabout15yearsago,afterthebreakupofwhathesayswasanunhealthyrelationship.Hewrotetounderstandwhyitmadehimfeelvulnerable(脆弱的)andsometimesphysicallyill.Hethinksofhisexpressivewritingasacaptain’slog.____19____“Myexpressivewritinggavemethecouragetofacemyfears,”Desouvresays.“AndIbelieveithashelpedmediscoverthehopeIneedtoheal.”____20____Expressivewritingisn’tamagicalcure-all.Itshouldn’tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatments.Andpeoplecopingwithaseveredepressionmaynotfinditusefultodoontheirown,withouttherapy.A.Butthereareafewwarnings.B.Yourgoalistobehonestwithyourself.C.Itisarecordingofwhathappenedandwhathe’slearned.D.Itsimplyexpresseswhatisonyourmindandinyourheart.E.Spendingminuteswritingdownyourfeelingsimprovesyourhealth.F.Thetopiccanbeanythingaslongasthewritingexpressespersonalthoughts.G.Translatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughts.【答案】16.D17.G18.B19.C20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了表达性写作，它能够在一定程度上对治疗心理疾病有帮助。【16题详解】根据上文“Expressivewritingispersonalandemotionalwritingwithoutregardtoformorotherwritingconventions.(表达性写作是一种不考虑形式或其他写作惯例的个人和情感写作)”可知此处说的是表达性写作的内容，与D项“Itsimplyexpresseswhatisonyourmindandinyourheart.(它只是简单地表达了你的想法和内心)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。【17题详解】根据上文“Recognizingthatsomethingisbotheringyouisanimportantfirststep(认识到有什么事情困扰着你是重要的第一步)”以及下文“creatinganarrativegivesyouasenseofcontrol.(创造一种叙事会给你一种控制感)”可知，此处说的是要认识到自己不愉快的经历，并将它转化为语言，与G项“Translatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughts(将这种经历转化为语言会迫使你整理自己的想法)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。【18题详解】根据上文“Don’tworryaboutspellingorgrammar,anddon’tshareyourwritingwithanyone.Butdodigdeepintoyourthoughtsandfeelings(不要担心拼写或语法问题，也不要与任何人分享你的写作。但一定要深入挖掘你的想法和感受)”可知此处上下文说的是要忠实于自己的真正感受，与B项“Yourgoalistobehonestwithyourself.(你的目标要对自己诚实)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。【19题详解】根据上文“Hewrotetounderstandwhyitmadehimfeelvulnerable(脆弱的)andsometimesphysicallyill.Hethinksofhisexpressivewritingasacaptain’slog.(他写信是为了理解为什么这会让他感到脆弱，有时甚至身体不适。他认为自己富有表现力的写作就像船长的日志)”可知，此处上下文说的是他对发生的事情和自己的感受的记录，与C项“Itisarecordingofwhathappenedandwhathe’slearned(这是对所发生的事情和他所学到的东西的记录)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【20题详解】根据下文“Expressivewritingisn’tamagicalcure-all.Itshouldn’tbeusedasareplacementforothertreatments(表达型写作并不是万能的灵丹妙药。它不应该被用作其他治疗的替代品)”可知此处上下文说的是表达型写作的局限，与A项“Butthereareafewwarnings(但也有一些警告)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhatguidesmysuccessfulteachingcareercomesfrommyDad’stireshop.He____21____thetirebusinesswhenIwasinhighschool.Ibeganworkingforhim.AlthoughIhadlittle____22____withthingsconnectedwithmotorvehicles,I____23____tolearnandworkhard.Mymainmotivationwastohavecustomers____24____himbecauseofmyworkethic(职业道德).WhenIwasintheshop,Iwas____25____,notsittingaroundchattingwiththeotherguys.Theworkwasexhaustingbut____26____.Ihadtoremovethetiresand____27____anewonetothevehiclesoutsideeveninthehotsummers.Twoofmydad’s____28____weresanitation(公共卫生)companies.Iwellremembertimeswhengarbagetrucks,fullofthemorning’scollection,____29____mydad’slotwithaflattireonthewaytotherubbishdump.Itwasmyjobto_____30_____underneaththeill-smellingtrucktosetthejack,oftenwhilea(an)_____31_____liquidfellonme.Afteradayatthetireshop,Iwasoften_____32_____,coveredindirt._____33_____,employmentinthetireshopaffordlifelessonsinmeaning,perseverance,andfulfillment.Now,wheneverIreturnandvisitthetireshop,I_____34_____thecarsandtrucksIserviced,andthethousandsofwheelsIfixed.Moreimportantly,Ialsorememberthegreatfeelingof_____35_____thataccompanieshonestlabor,nomatterwhereitisaccomplished.21.A.predicted B.purchased C.assessed D.abandoned22.A.trouble B.experiment C.experience D.luck23.A.pretended B.promised C.regretted D.resolved24.A.getholdof B.tendto C.thinkwellof D.getalongwith25.A.engaged B.stressed C.quiet D.anxious26.A.rewarding B.simple C.demanding D.enjoyable27.A.deliver B.fit C.repair D.locate28.A.friends B.partners C.regulars D.companions29.A.pulledoutof B.squeezedinto C.stoppedby D.pulledinto30.A.crawl B.kneel C.slide D.stretch31.A.fragrant B.unpleasant C.thick D.colorless32.A.wornout B.confused C.leftout D.upset33.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise34.A.describe B.recognize C.spot D.recall35.A.curiosity B.ambition C.relief D.satisfaction【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆起自己曾经在父亲的轮胎店工作的事情，作者认为正是那段经历给了自己人生的意义、毅力和成就感。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我上高中的时候买下了轮胎店。A.predicted预测；B.purchased购买；C.assessed评估；D.abandoned放弃。根据上文“WhatguidesmysuccessfulteachingcareercomesfrommyDad’stireshop.”可知，轮胎店是作者父亲的，因此在作者高中的时候，他的爸爸买下了轮胎店。故选B。22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我在汽车方面的经验很少，但我决心努力学习和工作。A.trouble麻烦；B.experiment实验；C.experience经历、经验；D.luck好运。根据下文“I____3____tolearnandworkhard.”说明作者在汽车方面的经验不足。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我在汽车方面的经验很少，但我决心努力学习和工作。A.pretended假装；B.promised承诺；C.regretted后悔；D.resolved解决、决定。根据下文“Mymainmotivationwastohavecustomers____4____himbecauseofmyworkethic(职业道德).”可知，作者的动力是希望顾客对自己父亲的店满意，所以他是决心努力学习和工作。故选D。24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的主要动力是让客户因为我的职业道德而对他有好评。A.getholdof抓住；B.tendto倾向于；C.thinkwellof对……高度评价；D.getalongwith与……相处。根据常理推测，作者的父亲买下了一个轮胎店，作者为自己的父亲工作，并决定努力学习，他的动力就是希望顾客能对自己父亲的店有好评。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在店里的时候，我很忙碌，而不是坐在那里和其他人聊天。A.engaged忙碌的；B.stressed有压力的；C.quiet安静的；D.anxious担忧的、相关的。根据下文“notsittingaroundchattingwiththeotherguys.”以及下文的“Afteradayatthetireshop,Iwasoften____12____,coveredindirt.”可知，作者从不和别人聊天，所以他是在忙着工作。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这工作很累，但这一切是值得的。A.rewarding值得的；B.simple简单的；C.demanding要求多的；D.enjoyable有趣的。根据下文“employmentinthetireshopaffordlifelessonsinmeaning,perseverance,andfulfillment.”可知，这份工作教给了作者生活的意义、坚持的价值和满足感，所以尽管工作很累，但是在作者看来这一切都是值得的。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析