2012年北京高考英语试题及答案解析

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A.AnewspaperB.AmagazineC.Abook答案是A。Whoansweredthephone？Mike B.Henry C.TomWhat’sthewoman’sfavouritefood?Italian. B.Chinese. C.IndianWhendoesthefirstflightarriveinDe5:18am. B.6:10am C.8:50amWhatisthewomanlookingfor?Zoo B.Telephone C.TenniscourtWhatwilltheweatherbelikeattheweekend?Cloudy. B.Snowy. C.Sunny第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。Wherearethetwospeakers?Inthehotel BInashop C.InarestaurantHowmuchdidthemanpayintheend?$115. B.$130 C.$140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。Whatdidthemandolastweekend?WatchedTV. B.Stayedathome. C.VisitedafriendWhatwillthewomanprobablydothisweekend?Playtennis. B.Dosomeshopping C.Gotoadance听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。Wherearethenewhouses?Onthemainroad. B.Closetoabusstation. C.Nearthesportscenter.Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthenewhouses?Thegarden. B.Thespace. C.ThequietnessHowdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’ssuggestion?Delighted. B.Disappointed. C.Uninterested.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。Whatcan’tthestudentsdowithoutateacher?Holdparties.CompletetheSafetySheet.Useanyemergencyequipment.Whyarethestudentsaskedtotiebacktheirloosehourinthelab?ItmaycatchfireItmaycovertheireyes.Itmaypasschemicalstotheirfaces.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?Laboratoryregulations.Safetyinstructions.After-classactivities.第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。TelephoneCancellationRequestFormAccountNameEdward16TelephoneNo.17HomePhonePlanNonrefundable(不退款)18pre-paidplanReasonforCancellation19houseCancellationDateRequired209,by5:00pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain______,welastmetmorethandancer40. A.symbol B.memory C.truth D.reality41. A.bouncing B.dating C.turning D.tracking42. A.lacks B.adds C.makes D.brings43. A.while B.since C.until D.when44. A.Cared B.Expected C.Asked D.Decided45. A.motivated B.relaxed C.convinced D.astonished46. A.challenges B.profitsC.advantages D.adventures47. A.put B.mix C.build D.pick48. A.Attention B.association C.attraction D.adaptation49. A.apart B.aside C.off D.back50. A.over B.by C.with D.beyond51. A.function B.meaning C.expression D.usage52. A.boundaries B.problems C.barriers D.efforts53. A.necessary B.perfect C.proper D.possible54. A.talent B.honor C.potential D.responsibility55. A.victory B.trend C.tradition D.desire第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralIfthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.56.WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?A.Algebra.B.CollegeMathematics.C.Arithmetic.D.MathematicsEducation.57.WhatbenefitscanstudentsexpectfromBasicMath?A.Strongerimaginativeability.B.Additionalpresentationskills.C.Moremathematicalconfidence.D.Greaterchancesofbecomingteachers.58.WhatcanwelearnaboutProfessorH.Siegel?A.HeisaguestlectureratKentuckyEducationalTelevision.B.Heistodeliver30lecturesinBasicMath.C.HeworksinGeorgiaD.Hespecializesintrainingteachers.59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport. B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan. D.AnadvertisementBPeanutstoThisProudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?”Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtalkIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice;flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!Tails,myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously,mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster’sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!60. Whatdidtheauthor’sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A.Controversial. B.Ridiculous.C.Boring. D.Puzzling.61. Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A.HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.B.Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.C.Heforgothisteacher’sinstruction.D.Hewasnewattheschool.62. Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans_______.A.annoyed B.ashamedC.ready D.eager63. Intheend,theauthorturnedthingsaround_______.A.byredoinghistaskB.throughhisownefforts C.withthehelpofhisgrandfather D.undertheguidanceofhisheadmasterCDecision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.64. Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______. A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory B.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlessly C.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequently D.learnasubjectmoreeffectively65. Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir______. A.waysofmakingchoices B.preferenceforpleasure C.toleranceofpunishments D.responsestosuggestions66. Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______. A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabits B.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdown C.womenfocusmoreonoutcomes D.menaremorelikelytotakerisksDWilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.67.JohnSauvenholdsthat_____.A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB.exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong68.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.69.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?A.Objective. B.Disapproving.C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage? A. B. C. D.CP:CentralPoint P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.__71JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.__72__Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.__73__Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.__74__“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional(情感的)intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,”shesays.What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ(情商）?Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.__75__Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,”Freedsays.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyousucceedinmanyareasoflife.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。2.词数不少于60。Saturday，June2FineThismorning(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)第二节 开放作文（15分）请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)2012年高考北京英语试卷解析

听力答案：

1-5：ACBBC

6-10:ABCAC

11-15:BCAAB

16:Rycficld

17:320-428-7859/3204287859

18:monthly

19:Moving/Move

20:August/Aug

其他部分答案及解析：

21.A。考查状语从句连接词。evenif即便，asthough似乎，incase以防，ifonly要是…多好。

22.C。bythetime后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。

23.D。并列结构，making与correcting并列。

24.C。从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。

25.B。时态考点，前半句的wouldcome是过去将来时，但是仍然发生在过去.

26.B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

27.C。非谓语动词考点。tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

28.D。形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。

29.B。被动语态。发生在过去的被动动作。

30.D。描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。

31.A。祈使句考点，用动词原形。

32.A。非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。

33.C。虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。

34.D。介词考点

35.B。虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。36.C。梦想，在第39题之前也有提到，前后呼应。

37.C。固定搭配，exposeto，引申为越来越多的接触到dancing。

38.B。随着作者年龄的增长，接触的食物越来越多，兴趣发生了变化，用certainly。

39.D。前后线索。

40.D。梦想成为现实。

41.B。固定搭配，datebackto追溯至。

42.A。作者不相信自己已经被录取了，缺少现实感。

43.C。直到自己身处培训之前，都不敢相信自己被录取了，用until

44.B。我从未期望得到这份工作，用expected。

45.D。由shakingwithexcitement联系到此空为“吃惊”的含义。

46.A。之后面临着许多挑战，用challenge。

47.D。pickup固定搭配，表示学习。

48.A。concentration是关键词，前后线索，用attention。

49.A。setapart使……与众不同，作者认为自己所在dancingteam与其它不同的地方在于对细节的关注和精力的高度集中。

50.C。介词考查，修饰rehearsal，有繁忙日程规划的预演。

51.B。重新理解了hardwork的含义，用meaning。

52.A。有动词push为线索，推断出搭配的为界限。

53.D。之前想过的可能的强度，用possible。

54.B。能够成为公司的一员感到十分荣幸，用honored。

55.C。注意后边的时态，hasinspired，还有关键词generationsof，所以为一个传统。56.C

BasicMath包括哪些方面，第二段中ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.

57.C.

第4段中，Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemysteryofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.

58.B

第五段中，heisadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.

59.D

最后一段中，Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.

60.B

B.ridiculous可笑的。第一段中onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.

61.A

第二段中Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.

62.D

Iloweddownthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,我不知道发生了什么，所以在我发言后，希望知道为什么大家如此反应的原因，即eagertofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.

63.B

第四段中Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.

64.A

第一段中，acutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegativeconsequencesofadecision,可知压力下的人们经