高中英语必修五

高中英语必修五第1页/共84页DiscoveringusefulstructuresEx.11.…helpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(attributive)2.Heimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeople…(attributive)3.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.(predicative)4.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.(predicative)Ex.2PastParticipleastheAttribute(1)PastParticipleastheAttribute(2)1.terrifiedpeople1.peopleterrifiedof(cholera)2.reservedseats2.3.pollutedwater3.4.acrowdedroom4.5.apleasedwinner5.6.6.childrenastonishedat/by…7.7.avasebrokenby…8.8.adoorclosedby…9.9.theaudiencetiredof…10.10.ananimaltrappedin/by…astonishedchildrenabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudienceatrappedanimalseatsreservedby…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedwith…awinnerpleasedwith…第2页/共84页Ex.31.Hegot_____________aboutlosingthemoney.2.Thepainterlookedso_____afterworkingforawholeday.3.Iwas___________withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedit tobebetter.4.Everybodywas_________________tohearofthedeathofthe famousfilmstar.5.Everybodyisreally_______aboutthenewOlympicstadiums.6.Hiswoundbecame_______withanewvirus.blamed/upsettireddisappointedshocked/depressedexcitedinfectedThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative

Unit1Grammar第3页/共84页在必修4中,我们已经学习了非谓语动词的-ing形式，在本册书中我们将学习非谓语动词的另一种形式—过去分词第4页/共84页我们将在本册书的前三个单元讲解过去分词。本单元我们先学习过去分词作定语和表语。第5页/共84页

alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票Translation第6页/共84页abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币一名退休教师aretiredteacher第7页/共84页aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指一个醉汉adrunkenman第8页/共84页基本形式和意义过去分词是动词的一种非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带补语或受状语修饰。过去分词和补语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。ThePastParticiple第9页/共84页--Lookattheexcitedboy!Whyishesohappy?--Hehasgotthefirstprizeinthecontest.--Nowonderheisexcited!Lookatthedialogueandfindtheuseofthepastparticiple.第10页/共84页PastParticipleastheAttributeExample:Somanythousandsofterrified

peopledied.Nowfindtwomoreexamplesinthereadingpassage.第11页/共84页1.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.2.WiththisevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.第12页/共84页1.分词可以用作前置定语，此时分词和名词之间有两种语意关系：一种是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一种是分词表被动。

过去分词作定语第13页/共84页Egalostnecklace一条丢失的项链A单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。注意：及物动词的过去分词作定语时，有被动意义和完成的意义。

e.g.：stolencar

被盗的轿车

pollutedwater污染了的水第14页/共84页afallenleaves一片落叶therisensun

升起来的太阳theadvancedcountries

发达国家aretiredteacher

一名退休教师by-gonedays

过去的岁月表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义。第15页/共84页e.g.HowIregrettedthehourswasted

inthewoods!

我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊!Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。B过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义。第16页/共84页e.g.ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。

We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。第17页/共84页1.Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong___________________tohim.

whichhadbeendone注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。Changethefollowingpastparticiplesintoclauses.第18页/共84页2.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatesisacountry_____________________.whichhasdeveloped注:本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3.Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge___________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注:本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。第19页/共84页过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。

Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。第20页/共84页用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。Thegeneralstaredathiminstartledadmiration.将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。第21页/共84页Attentioneg.WeaskedtwoofChina’smanytalented

journaliststotellusmoreaboutnews.

Iwanttowriteaboutpeopleaddictedtodrugs.第22页/共84页过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于笔语中。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气是装在车顶上的袋中。第23页/共84页我们已经学习了动词-ing形式作定语,这里就有一个问题了,动词-ed形式作定语和动词-ing形式作定语有什么区别呢？接下来我们就谈谈它们的区别。第24页/共84页1）语态不同-ing表主动、进行；-ed表被动、完成-ed

作定语与-ing

作定语的区别：aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众thefallingleaves落叶（正往下落的)thefallenleaves落叶（已落到地面的)第25页/共84页the

changing

worldthechangedworld（正在变化的）（变化了的）boiling

waterboiledwater（正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）fading

flowers

fadedflowers(正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）a

developing

countrya

developed

country(发展中的)（发达的）第26页/共84页2）时间关系不同-ing表“正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”。-ed表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthebigtree?“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid,angrilypointing

tothenotice.Thewomansellingvegetableshasgone.第27页/共84页

3）及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动,但-ed表示一个完成了的动作,而beingdone多表示一个正在进行的动作。Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingtodowithus.Theproblembeing

discussednowhassomethingtodowithus.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.第28页/共84页TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。第29页/共84页2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak

简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。第30页/共84页3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:

该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,

等于定语从句whowereinvited。第31页/共84页4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened

简析:

该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。第32页/共84页5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:

该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句thatwerewritten。第33页/共84页

另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)第34页/共84页例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

简析:

很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。第35页/共84页Translationwork:令人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马令人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子afrighteningsightafrightenedhorseadisappointingchildadisappointedchild第36页/共84页PastParticipleasthePredicativeExample:

Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.

Nowfindtwomoreexamples

inthereadingpassage.第37页/共84页1.

过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be

在内的多种形式。Everyonepresent

wasveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。第38页/共84页

过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。

Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)

Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．这家商店每天下午6点关门。(动作)

2.过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：第39页/共84页过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+过去分词)Nowonderheisexcited!(predicative)可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,experienced,interested,qualified,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied第40页/共84页Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.

丢了钱他自责不已。(get,blame)He__________aboutlosingthemoney.2.

你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？(looktire)Whydoyoualways___________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?gotblamedlooksotired第41页/共84页3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。

I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。shockEverybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．wasdisappointedwithwasshocked第42页/共84页5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。

Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。(infect)Hiswound___________________withanewvirus．arereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfected第43页/共84页1.____inthetrafficaccident____takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,havebeenChoosethebestanswer.第44页/共84页2.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks第45页/共84页3.Fromthedate___onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmade500yearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked第46页/共84页4.Expertsthinkthatweneedtoeatmeatbecauseitcontainsvitaminsandminerals_____invegetables.A.notfindingB.nottobefoundC.notfoundD.whichisnotfound第47页/共84页5.Thebusinessofon-lineshoppingsofarhasbeen_____forthesellerswhoarealreadyofferingtheirservices.A.disappointedB.disappointingC.disappointD.tobedisappointed第48页/共84页Unit1UsingLanguage第49页/共84页movementbackwardspinenthusiasticcautiousrejectuniversen.移动;运动;动作adv.&adj.向后地(的)相反地(的);退步地(的)vt.&vi.(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)adj.热情的;热心的adj.小心的;谨慎的vt.拒绝;丢弃;抛弃n.宇宙;世界Wordspreview第50页/共84页(be)strictwithmakesense对……严格的讲得通;有意义Expressionspreview第51页/共84页神舟6号

Listening第52页/共84页费俊龙聂海胜被授予英雄航天员荣誉称号神舟6号第53页/共84页WhoisthefamousrocketexpertinChina?QianXuesen第54页/共84页

QianXuesenisoneofthebest-knownscientistsinChina.HisworkhasbeenveryimportantforthedevelopmentofChina.WhatdoyouknowaboutQianXuesen?第55页/共84页1.Beforeyoulistentothetape,lookatthe screenandread thenewwordsinthematerial:

astronomer(天文学家)

astronaut(宇航员)

institute(研究所)2.ListentoParts1and2ofthetapeforthefirsttimeandwritedownthemainidea.A.QianXuesen—agreatChinesescientistB.QianXuesen—fatheroftheChinesespaceprogrammeC.OurdreamtolandontheMars第56页/共84页3.NowlistentoPart1againandanswerthesequestions.1.WhatdidQianXuesenstudyfirst?

Hefirststudiedtobeanengineer.2.WhatexperiencedidhegetinAmericathatwasveryusefulforChina?HebegantoworkonspacerocketssothathewasabletodevelopaspaceprogrammewhenhecamebacktoChina.3.WhatwasQianXuesen'sachievementwhenhereturnedtoChinafromAmerica?Hesetupaspaceinstitutetobegintrainingpeopleinhowtodesignandbuildrockets.4.HowhashebeenhonoredinChina? ThefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme5.HowwouldStevehonorhim? HewouldputQianXuesen’spictureonMars第57页/共84页4.ListentoPart2andfillinthechartbelow.China’sachievementsinspaceSteveSmith’sambitions1.astronautsinspace2.satellitesinpace1.becomearocketscientists2.bethefirsttolandonMarsAGREATCHINESESCIENTISTFatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme

YuPing(YP)istalkingtoherfriendSteveSmith(SS)aboutQianXuesenandhisworkasarocketscientist.

PartOneYP:Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,Steve?

SS:Iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitstars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday.YP:IthinkI’dliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo.I'dliketobearocketscientistlikeQianXuesen.SS:Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist?YP:Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericatostudyforhisdoctor’sdegree.Itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets.SS:SoitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktoChina.YP:Verymuchso.TherewasnoworkonspacerocketsinChinabeforehebeganhisinstitutetodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace.Part2SS:Doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets?YP:IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbyaChineseastronaut.SS:Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesintospace.Ihopewe’llbethefirsttolandonMars.ThatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifIwerethatastronautIwouldputQianXuesen’spictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork.YP:Indeed.HeisrightlycalledthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme.HeismyheroandheiswhyIwanttobearocketscientist.SS:Well,we’dbettergetonwithourhomework.Weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity.YP:Rightyouare.Seeyou,then.SS:Seeyou.第58页/共84页

COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARYTHEORYReading第59页/共84页Doyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?Canyounamethenineplanetsinthesolarsystem?Warmingup第60页/共84页第61页/共84页NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem

.水星金星地球火星木星天王星海王星冥王星土星MyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNinePlanets.第62页/共84页Ptolemy托勒密(公元2世纪的古希腊天文学家、地理学家、数学家,地心说的创立者)ZhangHeng张衡Doyouknowanyfamouspersoninthefieldofspaceanduniverse?Galileo伽利略(1564-1642,意大利物理及天文学家)第63页/共84页Copernicus哥白尼(1473-1543,波兰天文学家,现代天文学创始人)Hubble哈勃StephenHawking史蒂芬·霍金第64页/共84页Copernicus第65页/共84页第66页/共84页

WeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Pre-reading第67页/共84页ObservetheMarsfromtheearthindifferenttime.第68页/共84页confuseone’smindmakesenseintheskypunishsb.forsth.suggestsuchanideamaketheworldforthatreasonmovebackwardgoforwardinaloopappearbrightgoround…thinklongandhardabout…findananswercollectobservationsof…useone’sknowledgeto使某人心烦意乱有道理；讲得通在天空中为某事惩罚某人暗示这样一个想法/主意创造世界由于这种原因往后移动成环状向前移动显得明亮围绕…旋转苦思冥想找到答案收集观测到…的数据用某人的知识去做…Usefulexpressionsforreading第69页/共84页workonshow…privatelyto…makechangeto…place…atthecenterof…inthemovementof在…beenthusiasticfor(about)sth.publishone’sideabeattackedby…liedyingrejectone’stheorybeagainstone’sideabuild…onthebaseof…replacetheideaof…falltoearthadirectlinkbetween…and……致力于…私下里将…给…看对…作出修改将…放在…的中心位置的运动中对某事热心将某人的想法公诸于众遭到…的攻击在临终前拒绝接受某人的理论违背某人的观点将…建立在…的基础上改变/取代…的看法/观念掉落到地上…与…间的直接联系第70页/共84页1.AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookimmediatelyhefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributionstothestudyoftheuniverse.Listentothepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.第71页/共84页BeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryThesolarsystemwiththeearthatitscentreThesolarsystemwiththesunasitscentreReadcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.第72页/共84页Readingcomprehension.1.NicolausCopernicusfeltfrightenedbecause_____. A.hisconclusionwasagainsttheChristianChurch’stheory.

B.theChristianChurchwouldpunishhimbykillinghim C.hethoughttheworldwouldcometoanend D.hethoughttheChristianChurchhadcheatedthewholeworld.2.ThepossiblereasonwhytheChristianChurchinsistedthatthe earthwasthecenterofthesolarsystemmightbe_____. A.itwasGodthatcreatedtheworldandhumanbeings

B.whatevertheChristianChurchsaidcouldneverbechanged C.theChristianChurchtriedtocoverthetruth D.thattheearthwasthecenteroftheworldwasactuallytrue3.Copernicusdisprovedtheopinionthattheearthwasthecenterof theearthbydescribing____.

A.thewayofsomeplanets’movementandthelocationofthe planets B.thedistanceoftheplanetsinbetweenandthedifferent brightnessoftheplanets C.thedifferentdirectionoftheplanets’movementandtheir differentbrightnessatdifferenttime

D.thesizeandthemovementofsomeplanets第73页/共84页4.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutthefactthatCopernicus wasverycautiousabouthisnewdiscoveryisNOTcorrect?

A.Heoveragainandagainconfirmedhisconclusionandmadea modelofsolarsystem. B.Heonlytoldhisdiscoveryinsecret. C.Hehadhisnewtheorypublishedbeforehewasdying. D.Hefeltverymuchfrightenedwhenthenewtheorycametohis mind.5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis_____.

A.Copernicus’snewtheorylaidthefoundationofallourideaof theuniverse B.Copernicus’snewtheorywasseriouslyrejectedbythe ChristianChurch C.newthingsmustreplacetheoldones D.withoutCopernicustherewereIsaacNewton,AlbertEinstein andStephenHawking第74页/共84页Completetheshortpassageaccordingtothetext,usingtherightform.NicolausCopernicusbornin1474,inPoland,wasagreatastronomer.Histheorythattheearthandotherplanetsm___roundthesunhasbecometheb____onwhichallofourideasoftheuniversearef_______.Andhisnewdiscoveryisconsideredtober__________,becauseithaschangedpeoples’understandingabouttheuniverse.WhenCopernicusdrewaconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecenteroftheworld,hefeltf________andc_______.Inordertot____hisdiscovery,heworkedonandon,meanwhile,heevenmadeamodeltoexplainthatnottheearthbutthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem.AllhedidprovedthattheopiniontheChristianChurchinsisteddidn’tmakes_____.Copernicuswasveryc_______andhedarednotannouncehisfindinginpublicbutonlyshowedittohisfriendsp______.Becauseoncehistheorywasannounced,itmustber______bytheChristianChurchandhehimselfwouldbep_________.Itwasnotuntil1543,thetimehewasd____,didhehavehisdiscoveryp_______.oveasisoundedevolutionaryrightenedonfusedestenseautionrivatelyejectedunishedyingublished第75页/共84页LanguagePoints1.Onlyifyouputthesunthere

didthemovementsoftheother planetsintheskymakesense.

=Themovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesenseonly ifyouputthesunthere.

“Only+状语”位于句首,句子的谓语要倒装。

Onlyifyouridentityhasbeenchecked,

will

you

be

allowedin.

Onlythen

did

I

realize

theimportanceofknowledge. Onlyinthisway

can

we

work

outthemathproblem.

makesense有意义，有道理，说得通

1)Whatyousaymakes

no

sense.

你说的话没有道理。

2)Itwouldmake

sensetoleaveearly.

还是早点走好。（是明智的，合理的）

3)Canyoumake

sense

ofthispoem?

你看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂）第76页/共84页2.Theproblemarosebecause…

arise

vi.&linkv.起身(=standup);出现;发生,产生; Duringthenightagreatstormhasarisen.夜里起了大风暴。

Anewdifficultyhasarisen.出现了新的困难。

Howdidthisquarrelarise?这场争吵是怎么产生的?

arisefrom/outof由...而引起,由...而产生;从...中产生

Accidentsarise

fromcarelessness.

raisevt.(raised,raised,raising)举起；养育；募款

risevi.&n.(rose,risen,rising)(太阳、月亮)升起,起来; (物价)上涨;(水)高涨

arisevi.(arose,arisen,arising)(情况)发生,产生,出现; 起 (风、雾) arousevi.(aroused-aroused–arousing)表比喻或情绪方面 的“激发，激起”。

ThebookarousedmyinterestinlearningEnglish.

rousevt.&vi.(aroused,aroused,arousing)表较具体的“叫醒” 或“唤醒”，醒来

Thesoundrousedhimfromdeepthought. Iusuallyrouseatsixinthemorning.第77页/共84页3.movebackward(s)

toward(s),forward(s),backward(s),upward(s),downward(s)均为 方向性副词，而afterward(s)“然后,后来”为时间性副词。4.…appearedbrighterattimes…atothers

(=atothertimes)…

attimes有时(=sometimes) atonetime一度，从前(=once) atatime依次,逐一,每次 ontime准时

intime及时，终究 allthetime一直，总是

innotime立刻，马上 aheadoftime