B4U4阅读题跨文化交际拓展石油大学

Passage1Callitthe“learningparadox”;themoreyoustruggleandevenfailwhileyou’retryingtolearnnewinformation,thebetteryou’relikelytorecallandapplythatinformationlater.Thelearningparadoxisattheheartof“productivefailure,”aphenomenonidentifiedbyresearcherManuKapur.Kapurpointsoutthat|whilethemodeladoptedbymanyteacherswhenintroducingstudentstonewknowledgeprovidinglotsofstructureandguidanceearlyon,untilthestudentsshowthattheycandoitontheirownmakesintuitivesense,itmaynotbethebestwaytoRather,it'sbettertoletthelearnerswrestle（较劲）withthematerialontheirownforawhile,refrainingfromgivingthemanyassistanceatthestart.Inapaperpublishedrecently,Kapurappliedtheprincipleofproductivefailuretomathematicalproblemsolvinginthreeschools.Withonegroupofstudents,theteacherprovidedstrong“scaffolding”一instructionalsupportandfeedback.Withtheteacher'shelp,thesepupilswereabletofindtheanswerstotheirsetofproblems.Meanwhile,asecondgroupwasdirectedtosolvethesameproblemsbycollaboratingwithoneanother,withoutanypromptsfromtheirinstructor.Thesestudentsweren'tabletocompletetheproblemscorrectly.Butinthecourseoftryingtodoso,theygeneratedalotofideasaboutthenatureoftheproblemsandaboutwhatpotentialsolutionswouldlooklike.Andwhenthetwogroupsweretestedonwhatthey'dlearnedthesecondgroup“significantlyoutperformed”thefirst.Theapparentstrugglesofthefloundering（挣扎的）grouphavewhatKapurcallsa“hiddenefficacy”:theyleadpeopletounderstandthedeepstructureofproblems,notsimplytheircorrectsolutions.Whenthesestudentsencounteranewproblemofthesametypeonatest,they'reabletotransfertheknowledgethey'vegatheredmoreeffectivelythanthosewhowerethepassiverecipientsofsomeoneelse'sexpertise.Intherealworld,problemsrarelycomeneatlypackaged,sobeingabletodiscerntheirdeepstructureiskey.But,Kapurnotes,noneofusliketofail,nomatterhowoftenSiliconValleyentrepreneurspraisethebeneficialeffectsofanideathatfailsorastart-upcompanythatcrashesandburns.Soweneedto“designforproductivefailure”bybuildingitintothelearningprocess,Kapurhasidentifiedthreeconditionsthatpromotethiskindofbeneficialstruggle.First,chooseproblemstoworkonthat“challengebutdonotfrustrate.”Second,providelearnerswithopportunitiestoexplainandelaborateonwhatthey'redoing.Third,givelearnersthechancetocompareandcontrastgoodandbadsolutionstotheproblems.Andtothosestudentswhoprotestthistough-loveteachingstyle:you'llthankmelater.称之为“学习悖论”当你试图学习新信息时，你越是挣扎甚至失败，你就越有可能在以后回忆和应用这些信息。学习悖论是“生产性失败”的核心，这是一种由研究人员曼努卡普尔（ManuKapur）发现的现象。卡普尔指出，虽然许多教师在早期向学生介绍新知识时所采用的模式提供了大量的结构和指导，但直到学生证明自己能够独立完成这项工作才有直观的意义，但这可能不是促进学习的最佳方式。相反，最好让学习者自己与材料搏斗一段时间，一开始不要给他们任何帮助。在最近发表的一篇论文中，Kapur将生产性失败原理应用到三所学校的数学问题解决中。在一组学生中，老师提供了强有力的“脚手架”一一教学支持和反馈。在老师的帮助下，这些学生能够找到一系列问题的答案。同时，第二组被指导通过相互协作来解决同样的问题，而没有老师的任何提示。这些学生不能正确地完成问题。但在努力做到这一点的过程中，他们产生了很多关于问题性质和潜在解决方案的想法。当两组被测试他们所学到的东西时，第二组“明显优于”第一组。挣扎的群体表面上的挣扎有卡普尔所说的“隐性功效”：它们引导人们理解问题的深层结构，而不仅仅是正确的解决方案。当这些学生在考试中遇到同一类型的新问题时，他们能够比那些被动接受他人专业知识的学生更有效地传递所收集的知识。在现实世界中，问题很少被整齐地包装起来，所以能够辨别它们的深层结构是关键。但是，卡普尔指出，我们都不喜欢失败，无论硅谷的企业家们多么频繁地赞扬一个失败的想法或一个倒闭并烧毁的初创公司的有益效果。因此，我们需要把“生产性失败的设计”融入到学习过程中，卡普尔已经确定了三个条件来促进这种有益的斗争。首先，选择问题来解决“挑战但不要挫败，其次，为学习者提供解释和阐述他们正在做什么的机会。第三，给学习者一个比较和对比问题的好的和坏的解决方案的机会。对于那些抗议这种严厉的爱的教学方式的学生：你稍后会感谢我的。Whydoestheauthorcallthelearningprocessaparadox?Painsdonotnecessarilyleadtogains.Whatislearnedisrarelyapplicableinlife.Failuremoreoftenthannotbreedssuccess.Themoreistaught,thelessislearnt.WhatdoesKapurdisapproveofinteaching?Askingstudentstofindandsolveproblemsontheirown.Developingstudents,abilitytoapplywhattheylearn.Givingstudentsdetailedguidanceandinstruction.Allowingstudentsafreehandinproblemsolving.Whatdopeopletendtothinkofprovidingstrong“scaffolding“inteaching?Itwillmaketeachingeasier.Itisasensiblewayofteaching.Itcanmotivateaveragestudents.Itwillenhancestudents,confidence.WhatkindofproblemshouldbegiventostudentstosolveaccordingtoKapur?Itshouldbeabletoencouragecollaborativelearning.Itshouldbeeasyenoughsoasnottofrustratestudents.Itshouldbesolvablebyaveragestudentswithease.Itshouldbedifficultenoughbutstillwithintheirreach.Whatcanbeexpectedof“thistough-loveteaching飞tPOra.5)?Studentswillbegratefulinthelongrun.Teacherswillmeetwithalotofresistance.Parentswillthinkittooharshontheirkids.Itmaynotbeabletoyieldthedesiredresults.一。为什么作者称学习过程为悖论？A）痛苦不一定能带来收获。B）学到的东西在生活中很少适用。C）失败往往孕育成功。D）教得越多，学到的就越少。2。卡普尔在教学中不赞成什么？A）要求学生自己发现并解决问题。B）培养学生运用所学知识的能力。C）给学生详细的指导和指导。D）让学生在解决问题上有一个自由的手。三。人们倾向于如何看待在教学中提供强有力的“支架”？A）这将使教学更容易。B）这是一种明智的教学方法。C）它能激励普通学生。D）这会增强学生的自信心。四。卡普尔认为应该给学生解决什么样的问题？A）它应该能够鼓励协作学习。B）这应该很容易，以免使学生失望。C）一般的学生应该可以轻松地解决这个问题。D）这应该足够困难，但仍然是他们力所能及的。5个。”这种严厉的爱的教学方式”（第。5）是吗？A）从长远来看，学生们会感激的。B）老师们会遇到很多阻力。C）父母会认为这对他们的孩子太苛刻了。D）它可能无法产生预期的结果。Passage2VernonBowman,a75-year-oldfarmerfromruralIndiana,didsomethingthatgothimsued.Heplantedsoybeans（大豆）soldascattlefeed.ButMonsanto,theagriculturalgiant,insistsithasapatentonthekindofgeneticallymodifiedseedsBowmanused—andthatthepatentcontinuestoalloftheprogeny（后代）ofthoseseeds.Havewereallygottentothepointthatplantingaseedcanleadtoahigh-stakesSupremeCourtpatentlawsuit?Wehave,andthatcaseisBowmanvs.Monsanto,whichisbeingarguedonTuesday.Monsanto’scriticshaveattackedthecompanyforits“mercilesslegalbattlesagainstsmallfarmers,”andtheyarehopingthiswillbethecasethatputsitinitsplace.Theyarealsohopingthecourt’srulingwillreininpatentlaw,whichisincreasinglybeingusedtoclaimnewlifeformsasprivateproperty.Monsantoanditssupporters,notsurprisingly,seethecaseverydifferently.TheyarguethatwhenacompanylikeMonsantogoestogreatexpensetocreateavaluablenewgeneticallymodifiedseed;itmustbeabletoprotectitspropertyinterests.IffarmerslikeBowmanareabletousetheseseedswithoutpayingthedesignatedfee,itwillremovetheincentivesforcompanieslikeMonsantotoinnovate.MonsantoaccusedBowmanofpatentinfringementandwonan$84,456damageaward.Ratherthanpayuporworkoutasettlement.BowmandecidedtoappealallthewaytotheSupremeCourt.Hesaid“Monsantoshouldnotbeable,justbecausethey,vegotbillionsofdollarstospendonlegalfees,totrytoterrifyfarmersintoobeyingtheiragreementsbymassiveforceandthreats.”Thecentralissueinthecaseiswhetherpatentrightstolivingthingsextendtotheprogenyofthosethings.Monsantoarguesthatitspatentsextendtolatergenerations.ButBowman'ssupportersarguethatMonsantoistryingtoexpandthescopeofpatentsinwaysthatwouldenrichbigcorporationsandhurtsmallfarmers.TheysaythatifMonsantowins,theimpactwillextendfarbeyondagriculture-lockinguppropertyrightsinanarrayofimportantareas.KnowledgeEcologyInternationalcontendsthattheSupremeCourt,srulingcouldhave“profoundeffects”onotherbiotechindustries.IfthiswereaHollywoodmovie,thecourageousoldIndianafarmerwouldbeattheprofit-mindedcorporationbeforethecreditsrolled.Butthisisareal-lifeargumentbeforeaSupremeCourtthathasawell-earnedreputationforlookingoutfortheinterestsoflargecorporations.Thiscasegivesthecourtanopportunitytoreininthegrowinguseofpatentstoprotectgeneticallyengineeredcropsandotherlifeforms-butthecourtmaywelluseittogivethistrendapowerfulnewendorsement.通道2弗农•鲍曼，一个75岁的印第安纳农村农民，做了一些让他被起诉的事情。他种了大豆作为牛饲料出售。但农业巨头孟山都坚称，它拥有鲍曼使用的那种转基因种子的专利，而且该专利继续适用于这些种子的所有后代。我们真的到了种一粒种子会导致最高法院专利诉讼的地步了吗？我们有，这个案子是鲍曼对孟山都的，星期二正在辩论。孟山都的批评者抨击该公司“对小农场主进行无情的法律斗争”，他们希望这将是该公司的位置。他们还希望法院的裁决能约束专利法，专利法正越来越多地被用来要求将新的生命形式作为私有财产。孟山都及其支持者，毫不奇怪，对此案的看法截然不同。他们认为，当像孟山都这样的公司花费巨资创造出一种有价值的新转基因种子时，它必须能够保护自己的财产利益。如果像鲍曼这样的农民能够在不支付指定费用的情况下使用这些种子，这将消除像孟山都这样的公司创新的动力。孟山都指控鲍曼侵犯专利，并赢得了84456美元的损害赔偿金。而不是付钱或解决问题。鲍曼决定一路上诉到最高法院。他说，“孟山都不应该仅仅因为他们在法律费用上有几十亿美元要花，就试图用大规模的武力和威胁来吓唬农民遵守协议。”本案的核心问题是，生物的专利权是否延伸到这些生物的后代。孟山都辩称，它的专利延伸到后代。但鲍曼的支持者认为，孟山都正试图扩大专利的范围，以使大公司富裕，并伤害小农户。他们说，如果孟山都公司获胜，其影响将远远超出农业领域一一在一系列重要领域锁定产权。知识生态国际认为，最高法院的裁决可能对其他生物技术产业产生“深远影响”。如果这是一部好莱坞电影，这位勇敢的印第安纳老农会在影片上映前击败这个唯利是图的公司。但这是一个在最高法院面前的现实辩论，该法院因关注大公司的利益而享有盛誉。本案使法院有机会控制越来越多的专利用于保护基因工程作物和其他生命形式，但法院很可能利用这一机会为这一趋势提供强有力的新支持。6。为什么弗农•鲍曼会被起诉？A）他用转基因种子喂牛。B）他不付专利费就种了大豆。C）他从孟山都的商业机密中获利。D）他以非法手段获得孟山都的专利种子。7号。孟山都的批评者希望最高法院能做些什么？A）允许小农户种植转基因大豆。B）惩罚孟山都侵犯小农利益的行为。C）反对孟山都公司过度延长其专利权的规则。D）废除有关基因工程种子的专利法。8个。孟山都及其支持者的论点是什么？A）应保护专利权以鼓励创新。B）没有孟山都的同意，鲍曼不能播种。C）孟山都有权收回其专利种子的费用。D）转基因专利法WhydidVernonBowmangetsued?Heusedgeneticallymodifiedseedstofeedhiscattle.Heplantedsoybeanswithoutpayingforthepatent.HemadeaprofitoutofMonsanto,scommercialsecrets.HeobtainedMonsanto,spatentedseedsbyillegalmeans.WhatareMonsanto,scriticshopingtheSupremeCourtwilldo?Allowsmallfarmerstogrowgeneticallymodifiedsoybeans.PunishMonsantoforinfringingonsmallfarmers7interests.RuleagainstMonsanto,sexcessiveextensionofitspatentrights.Abolishthepatentlawconcerninggeneticallyengineeredseeds.WhatistheargumentofMonsantoanditssupporters?Patentrightsshouldbeprotectedtoencourageinnovation.BowmancannotplanttheseedswithoutMonsanto'sconsent.Monsantohastherighttorecoverthecostsofitspatentedseeds.Patentlawongeneticallymodifiedseedsshouldnotbechallenged.WhatisthekeyissueintheBowmanvs.Monsantocase?Whetherpatentforseedsisharmfultoagriculturalproduction.Whetherthebiotechindustryshouldtakepriorityoveragriculture.Whethermeasuresshouldbeintroducedtoprotectsmallfarmers.Whetherpatentforlivingthingsappliestotheirlatergenerations.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?Hollywoodmoviesusuallyhaveanunexpected,dramaticimpactonreal-lifearguments.TheSupremeCourtwilltrytochangeitsreputationforsupportinglargecorporations.TheSupremeCourtislikelytopersuadethepartiesconcernedtoworkoutasettlement.D)TherulingwouldbeinBowman'sfavorifthecasewerearguedinaHollywoodmovie.Passage3ArecentBBCdocumentary,TheTownThatNeverRetired,soughttoshowtheeffectsofincreasingthestatepensionagebyputtingretireesbacktowork.Althoughtheresultswereentertaining,theyneednothavebothered.Awayfromthecameras,unprecedentednumbersofolderpeoplearestayinginwork.Sincethestartoftherecessionthatbeganin2008,thenumberof16-to24-year-oldsinworkhasfallenby597,000.Overthesameperiodthenumberofworkersovertheageof65hasincreasedby240,000.ThegrayingoftheBritishworkforcedatesbacktoaround2001,sincewhentheproportionofolderpeopleworkinghasnearlydoubled.Butithasacceleratedsincethestartoftherecession.Thereareseveralreasonswhy.Happily,peoplearelivinglongerandhealthierlives,whichmakesstayinginworklessdauntingthanitwas.Lesshappily,lowinterestrates,astagnantstockmarketandtheendofmanydefined-benefit(固定收益)pensionschemesmakeitafinancialnecessity.Andchangingattitudes,spurredbyrulesagainstagediscrimination,aremakingiteasierthanever.Para.3Mostolderworkersaresimplyhangingonattheoffice:63%ofworkersoverstatepensionagehavebeenwiththeiremployerformorethantenyears.Overtwo-thirdsofthemworkpart-time,mostlydoingjobsthattheyonceperformedfull-time.Abigadvantageisthattheydonotpaynationalinsurancecontributionseffectivelyasecondincometaxonyoungerworkers.AccordingtoStephenMcNair,directoroftheCentreforResearchintotheOlderWorkforce,thisflexibilityexplainswhyolderworkershavenotsufferedsomuchintheslump.Insteadofslashingtheworkforce,asinpreviousrecessions,manyfirmshavehaltedrecruitmentandcutworkinghours.Atsmallbusinessesinparticular,keepingonolderworkersischeaperandlessriskythantrainingreplacements.Overhalfofworkersoverstatepensionageworkforbusinesseswithfewerthan25employees.ChristopherNipper,whoownsDavidNipper,awomen,swearmanufacturerbasedinDerbyshire,prizeshissemi-retiredworkers,whocanbeemployedatshortnoticeanddonotneedtoworkfull-timetosurvive.Retiredmachinistscanfillinifthereisasurgeinorders;formersalesadviserscanworkaspart-timeconsultants.Ashiscompetitorshavemovedproductionabroad,depletingthepooloftrainedlabor,retainingolderworkersandtheirskillshasbecomeevenmoreimportant.Thereisscopefortheolderworkforcetoexpand.Workersovertheageof50whoaremadeunemployedfindithardertopickupnewjobs,whichcouldmeanthatmoreoldsterswanttoworkthanareableto.Thatwouldbegood.TheOfficeforBudgetResponsibility,thefiscalwatchdog,reportedonJuly12ththatanageing,unproductivepopulationisthebiggestlong-termthreattoBritain,seconomichealth.DatafromtheOECD,athink-tank,showsthatemploymentratesamongworkersapproachingretirementagearesplitinEurope,witholdworkershangingonbestinthenorth.Governmentcreditratingsfollowasimilarpattern.ThatBritain,sageingworkforcemorecloselyresemblesGermany,sthanItaly,scouldprovethecountry,ssalvation(拯救).通道3英国广播公司(BBC)最近的一部纪录片《从未退休的小镇》(TheTownThatNeverRetired)试图通过让退休人员重返工作岗位来展示提高国家养老金年龄的效果。虽然结果很有趣，但他们不必为此烦恼。远离摄像机，空前多的老年人留在工作中。自2008年开始的经济衰退开始以来，16至24岁的在职人员减少了59.7万人。同一时期，65岁以上的工人增加了24万。英国劳动力的老龄化可以追溯到2001年左右，那时工作的老年人比例几乎翻了一番。但自经济衰退开始以来，这一速度有所加快。原因有很多。令人高兴的是，人们的寿命越来越长，越来越健康，这使得留在工作中不再像过去那样令人畏惧。不那么令人高兴的是，低利率、股市停滞不前以及许多固定收益养老金计划的终结，使其成为一种金融需求。在反对年龄歧视的规则的推动下，人们的态度也在不断变化，这比以往任何时候都要容易。大多数年长的工人只是在办公室里呆着：63%的超过国家养老金年龄的工人已经和他们的雇主在一起超过十年了。他们中超过三分之二的人是兼职的，大部分是做他们曾经做过的全职工作。一个很大的优势是，他们没有有效地为年轻工人缴纳第二次所得税。据老年劳动力研究中心主任斯蒂芬•麦克奈尔(StephenMcNair)说，这种灵活性解释了为什么老年劳动力在经济衰退中没有遭受这么大的损失。许多公司没有像以前的经济衰退那样大幅裁员，而是停止招聘，减少工作时间。尤其是在小企业，留住老员工比培训替补人员更便宜，风险更低。超过国家养老金年龄的工人中有一半以上为雇员少于25人的企业工作。克里斯托弗•尼珀(ChristopherNipper)是德比郡(Derbyshire)女装制造商大卫•尼珀(DavidNipper)的老板，他奖励自己的半退休工人，这些工人可以在短时间内被雇佣，不需要全职工作就可以生存。如果订单激增，退休的机械师可以填补空缺；以前的销售顾问可以做兼职顾问。随着他的竞争对手将生产转移到国外，耗尽训练有素的劳动力，留住年长的工人及其技能变得更加重要。老年劳动力还有扩大的空间。50岁以上的失业工人发现找新工作更难，这可能意味着想工作的老年人比能工作的老年人要多。那就好了。财政监督机构预算责任办公室（officeforbudgetforresponsibility）7月12日发布报告称，老龄化、无生产力的人口是英国经济健康的最大长期威胁。智库经合组织（OECD）的数据显示，在欧洲，接近退休年龄的工人的就业率是两极分化的，而在北方，老工人的就业率最高。政府信用评级也遵循类似的模式。与意大利相比，英国老龄化的劳动力与德国更为相似，这可以证明英国的拯救。11号。以下哪一项可以从英国广播公司的纪录片《小镇》中推断出来退休了？A）它所要揭示的与现实相反。B）它得到了观众的好评。C）它的目的是批评英国糟糕的养老金制度。D）它反映了目前退休人员重返工作岗位的现象。12岁。根据文章，“它”（第6行，第6段）。2）指的是。A）年龄歧视B）改变的态度C）经济上的需要D）退休后继续工作13岁。根据第3段，以下关于英国老年工人的哪一项是正确的？A）他们中的大多数都忠于以前的雇主。B）他们中的大多数人很少通过寻找新的工作来挑战自己。C）他们不必缴纳国民所得税。D）其中63%的人继续工作超过退休年龄。14岁。根据克里斯托弗•尼珀的说法，为什么半退休工人在招聘中受到青睐？A）因为他们能在短时间内填补这个职位空缺。B）因为英国的劳动力库已经枯竭。C）因为由于经济压力，他们比联姻更努力工作。D）因为他们的工作时间可以随心所欲。15岁。从最后一段可以得出结论。A）英国的老龄化劳动力与意大利类似B）英国的信用评级高于意大利C）英国的拯救比德国的好D）英国老龄化劳动力的就业率高于德国WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheBBCdocumentaryTheTownThatNeverRetired?Whatitintendstorevealiscontrarytothereality.Ithasreceivedgoodcommentsfromaudience.ItaimstocriticizethepoorpensionprovisionintheUK.Itreflectsthecurrentphenomenonofretireescomingbacktowork.Accordingtothepassage,“it”(Line6,Para.2)refersto.agediscriminationthechangingattitudeafinancialnecessitystayinginworkafterretiringAccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheolderworkersintheUK?Mostofthemareloyaltotheirformeremployers.Mostofthemrarelychallengethemselvesbyseekingnewtypesofjobs.Theydonothavetopaynationalincometax.63%ofthemcontinuetoworkovertheretirementage.AccordingtoChristopherNieper,whyaresemi-retiredworkersfavoredinhiring?Becausetheycanfillinthejobvacancyinabrieftime.BecausethepooloflaborintheUKisdrained.Becausetheyworkharderthantheyokingbecauseofeconomicpressure.Becausetheirworkinghourscanbeasflexibleastheywant.Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthat.Britain,sageingworkforceissimilartoItaly'sBritain,screditratingsarehigherthanItaly'sBritain,ssalvationisbetterthanGermany'sBritain,ssemploymentratesofageingworkforcearehigherthanGermany'sPassage4Recentreportssuggestthatteacancausebrittlebones-butyou,llprobablybesafeifyoudrinklessthanagallonaday.Doyoufancyacupoftea?Wedrink,onaverage,threemugsaday.Butyoumightwanttotryanotherstrongalcoholafterhearingthecaseofa47-year-oldwoman,publishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine(NEJM),whodevelopedbrittlebonesandlostallofherteethafterdrinkingtoomuchtea.Teamaynotbesogreatforprostates(前列腺)either.Lastyear,researchfromtheUniversityofGlasgowfoundthatmenwhodrankmorethansevenormorecupsofteaadayhada50%higherriskofprostatecancer.Andin2009apaperintheBritishMedicalJournalshowedthatdrinkingveryhottea(70oCormore)increasedthelikelihoodofesophageal(食管的)cancer.Stillgaspingforthatcupoftea?Thereissomeevidencethatteacanbegoodforyoutoo,withantioxidantproperties,somaybeyou'renotactuallydrinkingenoughofthestuff.ThepoorwomanintheNEJMstudyisnotalone.Thereareafewothercasesofpeoplewhohavedamagedtheirbonesthroughtoomuchtea.Butshe(likethoseinotherstudies)wasdrinkingexcessiveamounts:100-150teabagsadaytomake12cupsoftea.Alitreofteacancontainupto9mgoffluoride(氟化物),whichinexcesscancauseskeletalfluorosis(氟中毒),reducingbonequalityandcausingpainandstiffeningoftheligaments(韧带).Otherstudiesshowyougenerallyneedtodrinkagallonadayforthreedecadestodevelopthiscondition.Youalsoshouldn,tworryabouttheGlasgowstudyasitwasn,tdesignedtoshowthatdrinkingteaactuallycausedprostatecancer.Allitprovedwasanassociationandpeoplewereonlyaskedhowmuchteatheydrankatthestartofthestudy,whichwentonforabout28years.TheNationalCancerInstituteintheU.S.concludesthattheevidenceisn,tgoodenoughtosayteaeitherharmsorhelpsourhealth.HoweveritdoesseemsensibleinthelightoftheBMJstudytowaitforyourteatocooldownforafewminutes.Blacktea,whichmakesup75%oftheworld，sconsumption,mayhavehealthypropertiesfromitsplantchemicalscalledpolyphenols(多酚)，whichareantioxidants.Greenteacontainsmorepolyphenolsbutisn,tsonicetodunkdigestivesinto.AreviewoftheevidenceintheEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition,sponsoredbytheTeaCouncil-which,theauthorssay,hadnopartinthestudy-foundtheresearchshowedmorethanthreecupsofblackteaadayreducedheartdisease.Itfoundnoevidenceofharm“inamountstypicallyconsumed”.Soaslongasyoudrinklessthanagallonofteaadayyoushouldbeabsolutelyfine.WhatcanbeinferredaboutteafromPara