定语从句课件完整版

TheAttributiveClause定语从句1.定义：2.先行词：3.关系代词、关系副词：在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：Who,whom,whose,which,that等When,where,why等关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.关系代词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物物人人人、物主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省关系副词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略WhenWherewhy时间状语否地点状语否原因状语否关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.Summarize:

只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。5）先行词既有人又有物时。B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.Practice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.that

C.which

D.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

BDCorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.

2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

That’sallthatIwanttosay.

3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?

4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooks

which/whowereunknowntousall.

5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.

Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?

Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.

关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?

2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.

3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+whichPractice:

1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)

---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC主动表示被动：某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等Theflowersmellssweet.Thedishtastesdelicious.Theclothfeelsverysoft.Thestoneshavewornsmooth.2.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等Thistypeofrecordersellswell.Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell.Ripeapplespeeleasily.Theplayswon’tact.Nylondriesquickly.6)Thenovelreadswell.7)Thedooropenswithdifficulty.8)Thewoodwon’tburn.9)Waterheatsrapidly.10)Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily.11)Hercoatcaughtinthedoor/onthenail.比较：1.Theboxdoesn’tlock.

这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）2.Theboxwasnotlocked.

这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）3.Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.

那个理论证明是正确的。（含有自身证明的特征）4.Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect.

那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）3.want,need,require,和beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Thebookisworthreading.Thecoatrequiresmending.Thechildrenneedslookingafter.Thetablewantscleaning.那是不堪想象的。这规则需要下点功夫才能学会。某些作表语(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。Theboxistooheavytolift.Sheiseasytoapproach.Thefishisnotfittoeat.Heishardtoplease.Thepassageisdifficulttoread.Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy.Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.Therearealotofworkforus

todo.ThePassiveVoice

被动语态了解被动语态被动语态构成：be+P.P2、形式:1）一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P

1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态2)一般过去时：was/were+P.P3)情态动词+be+P.P4)一般将来时：will+be+p.p5)现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P6)现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+P.P1.Bananas

aregrown

inHainan.(海南种植香焦。）2.Manymoretrees

willbeplanted

inourschoolnextyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）3.Were

thetrees

planted

byhim.这些树是他种的吗？4.Youngtrees

mustbelookedafter.

(必须照看好小树）5.Thebuilding

isbeingbuilt.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）6.Thehomework

hasbeenfinished

yet.

（家作已经做完了。）1.Heteaches

English

inourschool.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.语态转换宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动2.We

plantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytrees

wereplanted

byuslastyear.过去时的被动语态：

was/were+P.P3.We

shouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.将来时的被动语态：Will/shall+be+PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.完成时的被动语:Have/has+been+PP现在进行时的被动语态：

is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I

wasgiven

abook

byher.Abook

wasgiven

tome

byher.7.Shegave

me

abook.如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）8.Hemademe

do

thework.

Iwasmade

todo

theworkbyhim.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)9.They

takegoodcareof

thebaby.Thebabyis

takengoodcareof

bythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。1Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.2.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken3.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting4.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslainDDBA5.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcare.B.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered7.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.close,closeBclosed,closedC.closed;closesD.isclosed,closesDDD将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Thework_______________intwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk___________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong_______________bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.

It___________________byyounow.

5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCard____________mebyLucylast

week.

6.Hemademedothatforhim.

I__________________thatforhim.

7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook_________________tothelibrary.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedn’tbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被动语态的动词：1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.2._____ourcountry____(send)upanotherman-madesatellitelastyear?3.Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?4.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe_________(take)tothehospital.5.English__________(speak)inmanycounties.areusedDidsendbespokenwastakenisspoken6.Threequartersoftheworld’sbooks____________(write)inEnglish.7.Thiskindofsweater__________(sell)well.8._________Lesson50___________(teach)nextweek?arewrittensellsWillbetaught

Fillintheblanksusingrightforms:1.Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.2.Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3.—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?

—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.4.Thiscoat_________(wash)well.9.Haveyoufoundyournecklace________(偷)lastweek?6.I’moften_________(警告）nottocopyothers’homework.7.Hecouldn’texplainwhydinosaurs___________(消失).8.I’llhavemybike__________________(修理)tomorrow.5.Musttheoldpeople____________(speak)topolitely?10.ThePRCwas_________(成立)onOctober1,1949.wereasked

triedtakenwashesbespokenwarneddisappearedmended／repairedstolenfoundedThankyou!Goodbye!DirectSpeechand一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置常在句尾或句首。用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。“Takeoffyourboots,”hesaid.“Idon’tknowwhereyourbikeis,”

saidtheArab.“I’msorry,”theprofessorsaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough.”DirectSpeech:用自己的话转述别人所说的内容。通常以宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词都要作相应的改变。IndirectSpeech:时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时或不变过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

过去进行时过去（完成）进行时

过去完成时过去完成时将来进行时过去将来进行时附：代词时间状语地点状语少数动词直接间接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthosetherethengotakecouldmighthadto直接间接threeyearsagothreeyearsbeforelastyeartheyearbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisyearthatyearnextweekthe

nextweeknextyearthefollowingyeartodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowThenextdaythefollowingday时间状语陈述句：引语前用that引导,有时也可以不用。Hesaid,“I

openedthewindowthismorning.”Hesaidthatheopenedthewindow

thatmorning.Mysistersaid,“We

havecleaned

thefloor.”Mysistersaidthattheyhadcleanedthefloor.Themanagersaidtome,“You

mustgotherenextweek.”ThemanagertoldmethatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.Thegirlsaid,“I

candomy

homeworkmyself.”Thegirlsaidthat

she

coulddoher

homeworkherself.如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaidinclass,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaidinclassthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：AsaidthatAtoldBthatThegirlsaidthat

she

coulddo

herhomeworkherself.Themanagertoldme

thatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序（主语先写）用if或whether引导。时态等作相应变化。Heasked,“Canyouhearme?”Heaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.Theteacherasked,“Have

youread

thisbook,Bob?”TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.Shesaidto

me,“Willyougotherewithme?”Sheaskedmeif/whether

I

would

gotherewithher.Sheasked,“Didyouseethefilm

yesterday,Peter?”SheaskedPeter

if/whether

he

hadseenthefilmthedaybefore.“Areyouleavingtodayor

tomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.JoanaskedKateif/whether

she

was

leavingthatdayorthenextday.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：Aaskedif/whetherAaskedBifwhetherHeaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。‘’When

didtheybuild

thisbridge?”sheasked.Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Theteacheraskedher,“Why

did

you

comelate?”Theteacheraskedherwhy

she

camelate.RobertaskedAlice,“Where

is

my

dictionary?”RobertaskedAlicewhere

his

dictionarywas.Mrs.Billaskedhim,“Whichbook

do

you

likebest?”Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：Aasked+原句疑问词AaskedB+原句疑问词Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.祈使句：改为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语形式出现的宾语补足语（动词常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind等）。Hesaidtothegirl,“Doitatonce.”Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.Hillsaid,“please

singatour

party,Mary.”Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingat

theirparty.Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.Hesaid,“Let’s

gofishing

tomorrow.”Hesuggested

goingfishing

thenextday.祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构

(~sbtodosth)：AtoldB(not)todo…AaskedB(not)todo…Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty.二）祈使句改间接引语后是~sb(not)todosth

结构注意以下几点1.said/saidto要变成asked/told/order等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语，please要去掉.感叹句直接引语

(变化前)Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”间接引语(变化后)Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas."Whatacleverboyyouare!"sheexclaimed.→Shetoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.→Shetoldhimthathewasacleverboy.

由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面

1.主句动词为一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时，在转述直接引语过程中可以不作任何时态改变：

直接引语Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”间接引语Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.

由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变1.不变的真理：Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.经常的习惯(强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时，)Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件(直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间做状语时)Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about______.I…you…themB.he…me…themC.he…you…usD.I…me…youB例题2.Youmustsaytoher,“Idependonyouandhim.”Youmusttellherthat_____dependon____and_____.

A.I…you…himB.she…you…meC.you…her…himD.you…me…himC例题3.Ishalltellhim,“Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice.”Ishalltellhimthat____havewrittento____and_____twice.I…him…herB.you…him…herC.I…you…meD.you…me…herA例题4.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_____worried_____.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayD例题5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…thatD例题6.“DoyouknowEnglish?”heasked.Heaskedif_______English.IknewB.youknowC.heknewD.Iknow

A例题7.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.thatheheard…aweekago

B.ifheheard…theweekagoC.whathehadheard…aweekago

D.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeD例题8.Sheasked,”Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewill…nexttimeD.hewould…thenexttimeD例题9.Jacksaidtoher,”Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.shespendherB.youspendyourC.shespentherD.youspentyourc例题10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun____intheeast.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise例题B1.现在进行时态表将来go,come,leave,get,arrive,meet,seeoff,takeoff,return,start,fly,stay,etc.e.g.I’mleavingatseventonight2.Whentheplane,thetrain,thebus,meetingplan,filmandprogrammeareusedasthesubject,theseverbsshouldbeusedinsimplePresentTense.e.g.TheplanetoLondonleavesat9:30tomorrowmorning.Thefilmbeginsat6:00.3.Thepresenttenseisusedforthefutureinaclauseintroducedby“when”,“if”,“before”,“till/until”,“everytime”,“bythetime”,“assoonas”,“themoment”.e.g.Weshallnotgooutforahike

ifitrainstomorrow.一般将来时的被动语态用法例析一般将来时的被动语态是被动语态学习中的难点,也是重点。本文通过对若干典型例题的分析,对其进行了归纳和总结,希望对同学们有所帮助。

1.基本结构一:shall/will+be+done 【经典例题1】Ipromisethatthismatter_____nextweek. A.willbetakencare B.willtakecareof C.willtakegoodcare D.willbetakencareof

【思路点拨】

选D。从题干不难看出,一是从句中的

thismatter和

takecareof是被动关系;二是takecareof是固定搭配,不能拆开;三是相对于promise来说,takecareof是将要发生的动作。故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。【经典例题2】Thesedictionaries_____thelibraryagain(byyou).A.willbetakenoutof B.won’tbetakenoutofC.willtakeoutof D.won’ttakeoutof

【思路点拨】选B。由题干结构及句意可知,此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态的否定式。 另外,我们还应注意:其疑问式为Shall/Will+主语+be+done...?或特殊疑问词+shall/will+主语+be+done...?2.基本结构二:be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done【经典例题1】Theclass____oneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear. A.isgoingtobeexamining B.aregoingtoexamine C.isgoingtobeexamined D.aregoingtobeexamined

【思路点拨】选D。题中theclass指全班同学,谓语动词应用复数形式,并且主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。【经典例题2】Anexhibitionofpainting_____at