我国社会保障体系讲解

CHINA’SSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEM-----JiapingWANG;QianLIUContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentMethodsandPrinciplesofEstablishment

CurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusionMethodsandPrinciplesofEstablishmentwholesystematic,entiretysystematicstructure,

levelsanddifferencesmaintaincorrelationwiththemacropolicy,theentiresystemandmarketmanagementChinesecharacteristics1.ConformwithChina'snationalconditionsandthedevelopmentallevelofproductiveforces2.Combinationofefficiencyandfairness3.Theintegrationofsocialpoolingandpersonalaccount4.Unifiedmanagement,divisionoffunctionsandseparationofthegovernmentandinstitutionDEFINITIONSocialsecurityisaneconomicandsocialsystemrelatingtothevitalinterestsofmembersoftheentiresocietyforsafeguardingsocialstability,promotingeconomicdevelopment.Thesocialsecuritysystemoriginatedinthesocialsalvagesystemdesignedtoprovidematerialcompensationoraidtohelpcitizensovercomedifficultiesintheirlivelihoodandunexpecteddisaster.StructureofSocialSecurityConstructionoftheSocialInsurancePensionMedicalinsuranceUnemploymentinsuranceMaternityinsuranceOccupationalinjuryinsuranceContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion

HISTORYofDevelopmentChina'ssocialsecuritysystem,foundedduringthewaryearsonthebasisofthesupplysystem,hasroughlygonethroughfourstages.TheFirstStage(1951-1966)In1951,thestatepromulgatedtheRegulations(Draft)ofthePeople‘sRepublicofChinaConcerningLaborInsurance.TheSecondStage(1966-1976)Duringthe10chaoticyears,socialinsuranceworksufferedserioussetbacksanddestruction,managementorgansweredissolved.tradeunionorganizationswerecompelledtosuspendactivities,socialpoolingfromsocietyforretirementexpenseswascancelled,andsocialinsurancewasturnedintoenterpriseinsurance.

TheThirdStage(1978-1992)ThethirdstagerangedfromtheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCPCCentralCommitteein1978tothe14thNationalCongressoftheParty.InhisGovernmentWorkReporttotheFirstSessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople'sCongressin1988,PremierLiPengpointedtotheneedofacceleratingreformofthesocialsecuritysystem,establishingandperfectingvarioussocialinsurancesystemsandgraduallyformingasocialsecuritysystemwithChinesecharacteristics.TheFourthStage(1993-present)Whileproposalfortheestablishmentofasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasputforwardforthefirsttime,deepeningreformofthesocialsecuritysystemwasalsoclearlydefinedforthefirsttimeasoneoftheimportantlinksinthereformoftheeconomicsystem.ContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion

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CURRENTSITUATION-4HierarchySystemChina'ssocialsecuritysystemisdividedintofourlevels:Thefirstlevel:officials,civilservantsandpublicinstitutionswhoenjoysuperiorfinancialprovisionforpension,freemedicalcareandevenatpublicexpenseconvalescence;Thesecondlevel:thegeneralcityemployees,businessesandindividualspaypartofthecostofinsurance,personalaccountsandsocialpooling;Thethirdlevel:theresidentsofthecityhasnofixedwork,purchaseofcommercialinsurance;Thefourthgrade:theruralpopulationtoparticipateinthelow-levelruralold-agecooperativemedical.AllocationmechanismRegardlessofPoliticsandLaw,government-owned,regardlessoftheconductofpublicaffairs,executivesupervisor.IssuesConfrontingtheSocialSecuritySystem1.FiscalCrisisoftheSocialSecurityFund2.DifficultyofPremiumCollection(1)UndevelopedLegalSystem(2)PoorBusinessConditionofCompanies(3)DeficienciesinSocialSecurityAdministration(4)InefficientPremiumCollectionMethod3.SocialSecurityParticipationRateParticipationRateisLowOutsideofStateEnterprisesSpecialGroupsnotCoveredbySocialSecurityConclusionChina’ssocialsecuritysystemisnowintheprocessofreform.Meanwhile,theagingofsocietyiscreatingnewpressuresonsocietyoverthelongterm.SolutionsTheformersocialsecuritysystembecameamajorobstacletotheongoingreformofstate-ownedenterprises.Thustherewasnochoicebuttoreformtheoldsystemandestablishanewone.1.Inpursuingthereformofstate-ownedenterprisesfollowingthereformsandmarketopeningof1978,state-ownedenterprisessoughttoimproveefficiencybyrestructuringandreducingexcessemployment.2.Forthesuccessfulreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandmaintenanceofsocialstability,itwasnecessarytoalleviatetheanxietiesofunemployedandlaid-offpersonsbypromotingre-employmentandatthesametimelayingoutthesocialsecuritysafetynetofunemploymentinsurance,medicalinsurance,andpensioninsurance.HowtousesocialsecurityfundThroughreadjustingtheproportionofburdensonenterprisesandtheflexibleuseofsocialsecurityfunds,itcanpromotethe``coolingdown''ofan``overheated''economyandboosteconomicgrowthwhentheeconomyisslidingdownhill.Accumulatedsocialsecurityfundsaretheimportantsourceoffundsfornationaleconomicconstruction.Arationalcontrolontheuseoffundsisconducivetoreadjustingtheindustrialstructureinaccordancewiththestate'sindustrialpolicy.ScandalsSafetyfeelingofCitizensContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusionHowtoimproveWhohaveauthoritytomodifytheprincipleofallocation/Howtosupervisetheutilizationofsocialsecurityfunds;Onesensiblereformwouldbeforthecentralgovernmenttotakechargeofthepensionsystem.Itcouldfilltheemptyaccounts,gluethefragmentedsystemtogetherandideallymakepensionsmuchmoreportable.Intermsofstructure,thelong-termgoalshouldbetogiveindividualsgreatercontrolovertheirownaccounts,choosingtheirinvestmentsastheydoinHongKong(withappropriatesafetynetsandsoon).TheproblemhereisthatChinastilllacksthematureandopenfinancialsystemsofHongKongandSingapore:itshelter-skelterstockmarketishardlyidealforretirementsavingsatthemoment.Sochangewillhavetobegradual.PercentageofGDPPercentageofGDP-aboutUSAOnestepforwardwouldbeforthegovernmenttohandoversomeofitsforeignassetstotheNationalSocialSecurityFund.Thatwouldfilltheaccountsanddiversifyhouseholdportfolios,withoutaskingtoomuchofChina’sownimmaturefinancialmarkets.Anotheroptionistoturntheemptyaccountsintoso-called“notional”accounts,aspioneeredbySweden.Underthissystem,individualcontributionsdeterminebenefits,accordingtoatransparentformulathatreflectstheretiree’slifeexpectancyandtheeconomy’sabilitytopay.Thebenefitsarestillpaidoutfromamixofcurrenttaxesandacentralpensionfund.Butasthefinancialsystemmatures,