2022年内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022年内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Sleddogsdon'tusereins,instead,theyfollow______.

2.

IfacityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan______ontheirown.

3.IntellectualProperty

Thephraseintellectualproperty(IP)referstothebundleoflegalrightsthatarisefromthecreativegeniusofthehumanmind.IPrightsplayanimportantroleintheeconomicprosperityofacountryandserveasamotivatingforceforcreativeindividualstosharetheirgeniuswithsociety.Likerealandpersonalpropertyrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestintangible(有形的)objects,suchaslandandautomobiles,IPrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestinintangibleobjects,suchastheideabehindaninvention,themusicscoreforaBroadwayplayandthenameorlogousedtobrandaproduct.Withoutenforcementoftheserightsinthelaw,itwouldbedifficultforsocietytoprosperandgrow.Inthisarticle,youwilllearnwhatintellectualpropertyrightsareandthedifferencesbetweenitsvariousforms.

GeneralIntroduction

Whenmostpeoplethinkofintellectualpropertyrights,patents,trademarksandcopyrightscometomind.ThiscoresetofIPrightsrewardandprotectthecreativeworksofinventors,authors,ownersandsellersofgoodsandservicesinthemarketplace.Whilethelegalprinciplesthatunderlieeachoftheserightsaredistinct,theyeachshareacommonsetofprinciples.

Anawardofpatent,trademarkorcopyrightprotectionrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheinterestsoftheinventororauthorandtheinterestofsocietyasawhole.Thisbalanceisverymuchlikethetradeoffrequiredbyzoninglaws,whichattempttoprotecttheownershipinterestandexclusiverighttousethatalandownerhaswithsociety'sinterestinthelimiteduseoftheowner'slandforsociety'sgreatergood.Publicutilityeasementsandrightofwaysareexamplesofthisbalance.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionofalifesavingdrugrepresentsasimilarsetoftradeoffs.Isitfairtotheinventortoallowsocietyfreeaccesstothepatenteddrug?Isitfairtosocietytobedeniedaccessforitsgreatergood?Itistheroleofintellectualpropertylawtoharmonizetheseseeminglyconflictinginterests.

Intellectualpropertyrightsalsofosteracompetitivemarketplace.Theydosobyencouragingdisclosureofinnovationthroughprotectingthefruitsofthatinnovationforaperiodoftime.Disclosureallowsotherstobuildandimproveuponpriorinnovationsothatthestateoftheartcontinuestoevolveanddevelop.Withoutthebenefitsprovidedbyintellectualpropertyprotection,themarketplacewouldnotoperateeffectively.Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifeverycompetitorhadtocontinuously"reinventthewheel"ratherthanbeingabletorefineandimproveupontheworksofothers.

Finally,intellectualpropertyrightsareregionalinnatureandtheconditionsoftheirgrantandenforceabilityaregovernedbythelawsofeachjurisdiction(权限).AUSpatentcanbeonlygrantedandenforcedinaccordancewiththelawsoftheUnitedStates.AtrademarkcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinCanadainaccordancewiththelawsofCanada,andacopyrightcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinMexicoinaccordancewithitslaws.Whilethereisadesiretobesomewhatuniform.andconsistent,countrieshavedifferentapproachestointellectualpropertyrightsprotection.VariationsintheprocedureforobtainingIPrightsaccountforalargepercentageofthesedifference,ratherthanthedifferencesinthesubstantiverightsgrantedineachcountry.

Thewords"patent"and"trademark"areoftenusedinterchangeably.Manytimes,wehearthatapatentisusedtoprotectalogoandthatatrademarkisusedtoprotectaninvention,andviceversa.Whilepatentsandtrademarksmaybeassociatedwiththesameproduct,thetwowordshaveverydifferentmeaningsandrefertoverydifferentformsofintellectualpropertyrights.Theycanseldombeusedinterchangeably,astheunderlyingrightsthat

A.Land.B.Automobile.C.Broadway.D.Logo.

4.

Evaluationofdepressioncanbeconductedonlywhensuchdepressionisnotattackingthepatient.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Aswearestillignorantofmillionsofuniquelifeformsintherainforest,deforestationcanbecomparedtothedestructionof______.

6.

Crammerscanimprovetheirgradesbyaddinginformal______beforetheoverwhelmingpressureison.

7.

Globalwarmingmaycausesomenaturaldisasterssuchaswildfireanddroughttobecomemoresevere.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.FreedbySudan,"Geographic"ReporterArrivesHomeinU.S.

After34daysinaSudanesejail,NationalGeographicjournalistPaulSalopek,whohadbeenchargedwithspying,landedinhishomestateofNewMexicoonSundaymorning.

Atthetimeofhisarrest,Salopek,44,hadbeenfreelancereportingforNationalGeographicmagazineontheSahelregion,whichstretcheseast-westacrossAfricaalongthesouthernedgeoftheSahara.

DonBelt,Salopek’seditorfortheSahelassignment,embracedthereporteruponhisarrivalandlatersaidhemighthavelostalittleweight,buthelookslikehe'snonetheworseforwear.

"We'reoverthemoonaboutSalopek'sreturn",Beltadded.

Salopek,whoisonascheduledleaveofabsencefromtheChicagoTribune,arrivedinAlbuquerquewithhiswife,hisTribuneeditor,andNewMexicoGovernorBillRichardson.

Salopeksaiditfeels"fantastic"tobehome.

"It'sgreattoseemywife,who'sbeenthroughalot—insomewaysmorethanmyself-inthelast35days,"hesaid.

Afterhe'sspentsometimewithhisfamily,Salopeksays,heplansto"makeroundsinChicagoandWashington"tothankhisfriendsattheTribuneandtheNationalGeographicSociety.

"Icanneverreallyrepaythem,"hesaid.But,hejokedatapressconferenceSundayattheAlbuquerqueinternationalairport,whathecandois"rackupanenormousbeerbill."

OnbehalfofNationalGeographic,BeltthankedRichardson,theTribune,Sudan'sambassadortotheUnitedStates,andJimmyCarter.TheformerU.S.PresidenthadwrittentoSudanesePresidentOmarAlBashironSalopek'sbehalf-agesturethathadbeenkeptsecretuntilSunday.

(BothNationalGeographicNewsandNationalGeographicmagazinearepartsoftheNationalGeographicSociety.)

OnceSalopekisbackonthejob,heintendstoreturntoAfrica,firsttoChadtocheckuponhistwoassistants,whowerearrestedandfreedalongsidehim.ThenhewillcompletehisNationalGeographicassignmentinChad,Mall,Niger,Nigeria,andSenegal.

DetainedinNoahDarfur

ThePulitzerPrizewinnerandhisChadianassistants-driverIdrissAbdulrahamAnuandinterpreterSuleimanAbakarMoussawerearrestedonAugust6aftertravelingfromChadtoSudan'stroubledDarfurProvincewithoutavisa.

Thebordercrossinghadbeenalastminutedecision,SalopeksaidattheSundaypressconference.

Normally,thethreewouldhavebeendeported.Instead,onAugust26theywerechargedwithespionage,passingin-formationillegally,anddisseminating"falsenews",inadditiontothechargeofenteringthecountryunlawfully.

ThethreemenwereconfinedtoasinglecellinE1Fasher,capitalofNoahDarfurProvince.

Fromthecell,Salopeksays,theycouldseeprotestorsdailyinveighing(痛骂)againsttheUnitedStatesandtheUnit-edNations,whichareleadinganefforttodeployaUNpeacekeepingforcetoneighboringDarfurProvince.

Salopekandhiscellmates,though,weren'twithoutwelcomecompany.

U.S.soldiers-intheregionadvisinganAfricanUnionpeacekeepingforce-discoveredthatanAmericanwasbeingheldinElFasherandtookuphiscause.

"Theyvisitedusvirtuallyeveryday,"Salopeksaid."Theywerelikeourguardianangels.

Theefforttofreethereporterandhiscolleagues,thoughwasn'texactlyheavenly.Itwaslikea"carnivalride,"Salopeksaid,"upanddown,daytoday."

TheRelease

GovernorRichardsonflewtoSudanonThursdaytonegotiatethethreemen'sreleaseonhumanitariangrounds.ThanksinparttopriordealingswiththeSudaneseambassadortotheU.S.andwithSudanesePresidentOmarA1-Bashir,Richardsonsucceededa

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

10.

Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowavesbetween2.402GHzand2.480GHz.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Thegreatnumberofpatientsvisitingthecomplementary-medicinecenteratNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgeryreflects______intheUS.

12.HowSATSWork

Testsareafactoflifethroughoutourschoolcareers,butoneofthemostimportant,and,tosome,thescariest,ofthemallistheSAT—thatthree-hourexamthat'ssupposedtomeasureahighschoolstudent'schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofcollege.SomecollegesconsiderSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,whileothersviewhighschoolacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendationsandextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.Nomatterwhereyou'reheaded,ifyou'reahighschoolstudent,theSATisimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreporteitherSATorACTAssessmentscores.

WhatIstheSAT?

Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(学术性倾向测验),theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin1941.Althoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasionally,theCollegeBoard,thenot-for-profiteducationalassociationthatsponsorstheSATS,decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressingcontroversyaboutthemeaningoftheword"aptitude".TheCollegeBoardalsorejectedthealternative"ScholasticAssessmentTest".(Englishteachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,sinceassessmentmeanstest.)

TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabilitiesthatyou'vedevelopedthroughoutyourschoolyears.Themultiple-choicetest,developedbythenot-for-profitEducationalTestingService,isintendedtoletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabilitieswithoutregardtothekindofschoolingthey'vehad.AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,thetestlooksforastudent'sabilitytounderstandandanalyzewrittenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblems—allskillsthatarenecessaryforsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.

TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT)Assessment,whichwasintroducedin1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyallcollegesanduniversitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforitscurriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectlyrelatedtowhatisactuallytaughtinhighschool.

What'stheSATII?

ThenewerSATII:SubjectTests,formerlytheCollegeBoardAchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent'sknowledgeofaparticularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorliterature),historyandsocialsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andlanguages(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Italian,Japanese,Latin,Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSATIItests,buteveniftheyaren'trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresentamorepersonalizedportfoliothatillustrateshowwellyouwouldfitataparticularschool.MostcollegesuseSATIIscoresnotforadmissionpurposesbutforprogramplacementandcounseling.SATIItestsaregivenonaslightlydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SATIItestsarconehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereareexceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesofmultiple-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.

Todecidewhichsubjecttestshouldbetaken,first,,makealistofallthecollegesyou'reconsidering.ThenreviewtheircatalogsorwebsitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscoresforadmissionand,ifso,whichones.Useyourlistofcollegesandtheiradmissionrequirementstohelpplanyourhighschoolcourseschedule.Forexample,acollegetowhichyouplantoapplymayrequirealanguageSubjectTestscoreormightexemptyoufromafirst-yearcourserequirementifyoudowellonalanguageSubjectTest.

Inaddition,theCollegeBoardwebsitecanbesearchedforinformationaboutSubjectTestrequirementsatspecificcolleges.

WhenIstheSATTaken?

General

A.measurewhetherastudent'sabilitycanbesuccessfulinthefirstyearofcollege

B.evaluatehighschools'educationqualitythroughoutthecountry

C.helpimprovetheeducationincollegethroughoutthecountry

D.measurehighschoolstudents'chanceofafruitfullife

13.

InmanyAsiancultures,one'sperceptionsofphysicalrealityarebelievedtobebasedon______.

14.

Ifyouwanttogetofftothefightstart,youshouldtreatthereceptionistsasyourpotentialbosses.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowavesbetween402GHzand480GHz.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Recently,researchershavefoundthatitissomethinginourbrainthatcausesouranxiety.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

InancientGreek,aftertheshortpeaceofOlympicGamesperiod,thecity-stateswouldreopenthewar.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

______tellsyouhowtoalternateyourspeedtosmoothyourdriving.

19.

AmongalltheGMcrops,Btgeneshaveprovedmosteffectivein______whenthelargest

20.

Onceyouhaveahealthcaredirective,thehealthproviders______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：Duringthepastdecade,therehasbeenamultifoldincreaseinviolentcrimesthroughouttheworld.Notonlyhastherebeenafrighteningincreaseofmurdersandrapes,butchancesofbeingattackedandrobbedhavegrownsothattheelderlyavoidleavingheirapartments.

Theexactcauseofthishorrifyingdevelopmenthasnotbeenfound.SomesociologistsfeelthatthegrowthofcrimeonTVisrelatedwiththegrowthofviolenceonourstreets.Othersblametheconstantthreatofcompletedestructionfromnuclearexplosives.Iftheworldisgoingtobeblownup,whynotenjoyyourselffully!

Regardlessofthecauseorcauses,afundamentalchangeinattitudeamongpeopleiseasytosee.Yearsback,theoldsaying"Practicewhatyoupreach"wasaprevalentone.Peoplehadmoralstandardsthattheycouldfollow:peoplewereconcernedabouttheirfellowhumanbeings.

Today',peoplehavebecome"I-centered'.Theyaremoreinterestedinachievingimmediate,selfishpleasures.Thebestadvicetheycangiveintherareinstanceswhentheydois"DowhatIsay,notwhatIdo".Theyaresaying,"Therearemoralprinciplestofollowifyouwantto,butdon'tusemeasaguidesinceInolongerfollowthem."

ThemajordifferencethatIseeinthequotationspointsoutthetragicchangeinourmoralityandsocialways.Untilpeopleoncemorelearntoreplace"I'with"we",weshallcontinuetomovetowarddestructiveself-centeredness.

(33)

A.Thepopulationofelderlypeople.

B.Nuclearweapon.

C.Violenceincrime.

D.Livingstandards.

22.(32)

A.Theymayfailtofeelsecurelaterinthelife.

B.Theymaybecomebad-tempered.

C.Theymaydevelopmentalproblems.

D.Theymaylosetrustinthesociety.

23.听力原文：M:MissLindaBrown,fight?

W:Yes,that'sfight.

M:Pleasetakeaseat.

W:Thankyou.

M:Soyou'reinterestedinajobasawaitress.

W:That'sfight.Isawyoursigninthewindowaskingforapart-timewaitress.

M:Mm,haveyouworkedasawaitressbefore?

W:Yes.I'veworkedasawaitressforthreeyearsatseveraldifferentrestaurants.

M:Isee.Areyouworkingnow?

W:Yes,attheKingHoteldiningroomonParkAvenue.

M:Theyhaveaverynicediningroomthere.Whydoyouwanttoleave?

w:BecauseIcan'tworkfulltimeatthemoment,I'MTakingsomecoursesatuniversityandneedmoretimetostudy.

M:Isee.Whatdaysareyouavailable?

W:I'mfreealldayThursdayandFriday,SaturdayandSunday.

M:Thatsuitsusverywellactually.We'relookingforsomeonewhocanhelpuslateintheweekwhenwegetverybusy.

W:That'sfinewithme.

M:Whencan

W:Isthefirstofnextmonthailfightwithyou?

M:That'sfine.ThefirstofMay.Yes,that'sgood.Bytheway,you'llget$1.80anhour,withtips,of

W:Good.Thankyouverymuch.

(23)

A.Becauseshewantedajobasawaitress.

B.BecauseKingHoteldiningroomwasclosingdown.

C.Becauseshewantedmoretimemstudy.

D.Becauseherpaywastoolow.

24.听力原文：M:Wouldyouliketogowithmetoamovietonight,ordoyouhavetoworkattherestaurant?

W:Ishouldstudyformysociologyclass,butIcouldbetalkedoutofit.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(18)

A.She'swillingtogotothemovie.

B.Shehastogotosociologyclasstonight.

C.She'llstayhometostudytonight.

D.Themanshouldmeetherattherestaurant.

25.(13)

A.Theman'snervousbutbelieveshewillbebettertomorrow.

B.Themanisbeggingthewomantolethimpassthepresentation.

C.Theman'snervousabouthispresentationbecausehe'sunprepared.

D.Themanlefthispresentationonthewindowedgebuthe'llgetittomorrow.

26.

【B2】

27.听力原文：W:Hey,Mike!Whereareyouoffto?

M:I'mheadingforthePriceChopper.Idoalotofthefamilyshoppingsincemymomgotapart-timejob.

W:Canyougivemearide?Iwanttogetsomedrinks.

M:Sure!Let'sgo!

W:Doyouenjoyshopping?

M:Enjoy?Idon'tmindadmittingIhateshoppingalmostasmuchasIhatealgebra.Correction!Ihateshoppingevenmorethan1hatealgebra.

W:Yipe!Alooseshoppingcart!

M:TodayI'mproudofmyself.Irememberedtobringalongmyshoppinglist.

W:You'rebecominganexperiencedshopper!

M:Gosh!Wrongshoppinglist!

W:I'msorrytohearthat.

M:Butit'sokay!I'msureIcanremembermostofthesixorsevenitemsthatmymomwantedmetopickup.

W:Watchoutforthecart,Mike!

M:Thanks!Youknow,asIscamperthroughtheaislesIcanalwayssuccessfullyavoidtheflyingcartsofmyfellowshoppers.

W:Whew!Thatwasclose!

M:Yousee!ImanagetopickupwhatIwantinrecordtime!

W:Great!Let'sheadfortheexpressline.Everyoneknowsexpresslinesmovemuchfasterthanregularlines.

M:Allright!Oh,unfortunately,thisexpresslinedoesn'tmoveatall!

W:Thenextlinehasoneshopper.Let'sswitchlines!

(20)

A.It'samarket.

B.It'sarecreationcenter.

C.Ifsanalgebraschool.

D.It'sthenameofapart-timejob.

28.(22)

A.Tostudytogether.

B.TogotoElizabeth'sroom.

C.TocallElizabeth.

D.TowatchTVtogether.

29.(28)

A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.

B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.

C.Theylivedaprimitivelifeandtheirtablemannerswereoftenrude.

D.Theylivedacomparativelyluxuriousbutnot-so-civilizedlife.

30.

【B5】

31.听力原文：W:Ican'tbelievethatyoumissedtheclassagain.Didn'tProfessorWangsaysomethingtoyouaboutthatlasttime?

M:Well,thistimeisdifferent,Ihadagoodexcuse.Somethingwaswrongwithmyclock.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.ThemanhasalreadyspokentoProfessorWang.

B.ProfessorWangwillprobablyexcusetheman'sabsence.

C.ThemanhasnevermissedProfessorWang'sclass.

D.ProfessorWangisnotinclasstoday.

32.

【B4】

33.(46)

34.(21)

A.Thetrafficisveryheavy.

B.Thebusserviceisbad.

C.Thetransportationisconvenient.

D.Fewtaxiscanbeseenthere.

35.(19)

A.Mowtobuyagoodcomputer.

B.Howtoborrowacomputerfromthecompany.

C.Thepriceofthecomputer.

D.Thenewly-boughtcomputer.

36.

【B6】

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Couldn'tyoutypeanyfaster?

W:ThisisthefastestI'veevertyped.

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'styping?

(12)

A.Thewomantypestooslowly.

B.Thewomantypestoofast.

C.Thewomantypesfasterthanhedoes.

D.Thewomancouldn'ttypefast.

38.(15)

A.Inabookstore.

B.Inalibrary.

C.Inaclassroom.

D.Inahotel.

39.(17)

A.Theassignmentlooksquiteeasy.

B.Heisalsoworriedabouttheassignment.

C.Hehasalreadyfinishedtheassignment.

D.Hecan'thelpthewomanwiththeassignment.

40.听力原文：W:Theadmissionpriceis$90perperson.That'sreallyexpensiveforjustoneshow.

M:You'reright.Butifyouhaveastudentcard,you'llgetinfor$30.

Q:Howmuchwillastudenthavetopayfortheshow?

(17)

A.Sixtydollars.

B.Thirtydollars.

C.Ninetydollars.

D.Onehundredandtwentydollars.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

GenevieveLemonagreedthatCampionisespeciallyskillfulin______.

42.

WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis______.

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women'sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

43.AccordingtoSolomonandhercolleagues,howdoeswatervaporaffectglobaltemperature?

A.Globalwarmingsloweddownbecausewatervaporinstratospheredropped.

B.Globalwarmingspeededupbecausewatervaporintroposphereincreased.

C.Globaltemperaturelowereddownbecausewatervaporintropospheredropped.

D.Globaltemperatureroseupbecausewatervaporinstratosphereincreased.

44.

Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.

A.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

B.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

C.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

D.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

45.

Accordingtoitsadvocates,whowillgainfromtheprivatizationofSocialSecurity?

A.Investorsinstockmarkets.

B.Retiredworkersinthefuture.

C.ThefutureCongresses.

D.Accountinformationbrokers.

46.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardonlineeducation?

A.Definitelyopposed.

B.Stronglydoubted.

C.Completelywelcome

D.Reasonablyaccepted.

47.AmetalwithabuiltinmemoryisoneoftheveryusefuldiscoveriesmadeduringAmerica'sspaceprogram.NitinolwasdiscoveredbyscientistsworkingattheNavalSurfaceWeaponsCenter.Theywerelookingforheatshieldmetalsformissilesandsatellites,butwhattheyfoundwasnitinol.Thisalloycanbeformedintoshapesjustlikeanyothermetal,butitreturnstoitsoriginalform.atacertaintemperature.

Whenthisalloyofnickelandtitaniumisfirstformed,itisshapedintoingots,brickshapedmassesofthemetal.Thenitisdrawnoutintoawireofvaryingthickness,dependingonthejobitisdestinedtodo.Itissetintoitsdesiredcurveorshapeandheatedbriefly.Itisthencooledoffbydippingthewireincoldwater.This"sets"itsmemory.Themetalcanthenbeformedintoanydesiredshape,butwheneveritstemperatureexceedsitsroomtemperature,'itreturnstotheshapeithasmemorized.

Thismakesnitinolperfect,ofcourse,for,spacecraft,forantennas,probes,shields,andfolding"arms"madeofnitinolcanbestoredsafelyinsideaspacecraft,protectingthemfromdamageduringlaunching.Then,oncesafeinorbit,thespacecraftwouldsuddenly"grow"antennasandotherstructures.Thesun'srayswouldhavewarmedupthefoldedandcoilednitinol,anditwouldhavereturnedtoitsoriginalshape.

Butscientistshavefoundamoredowntoearthuseforthiswire:theynowuseittostrengthenteeth.Beforenitinol,teeththatneededstraighteninghavebracketsattachedtothem;wireswereattachedtothesetoexertapullintherightdirection.Butthispullmustbeconstant,andthestainlesssteelarchwirecannotexertthecorrectforceifithasbeenbentseveraltimesorifthetoothhasactuallymovedtowarditasplanned.Asaresult,manypeoplewithdentalbracesmusthavethewirereplacedmonthly,tightenedeveryfewweeks,oradjustedpainfullytightatthebeginningofthetreatment.

Butnitinolwirescanbeformedtoexertforceinacertaindirection,cooledofandthenreformedtofitthepatient'smouth.Asthemouthwarmsthenitinol,itbeginstotrytoassumeitspresetshape.Thisexertsasteadier,moreconstantpullonthetooththancouldeverbeachievedwithstainlesssteelwire.Nitinolcanbebentintosuchintricateshapes—whilemaintainingitspull—thatverydifficulttreatments,suchasmovingonetoothfrombehindanother,canbedonenowwithouttheexpenseorpainofconstantadjustment.Nitinolhascuttiletimeneededforthesetreatmentsbyalmosthalf,arealbenefitforbothpatientanddentist.

Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A.nitinolisahighlyversatilemetal

B.nitinolhelpedmakethespaceprogramasuccess

C.nitinolhasrevolutionizeddentalcare

D.mostalloyshave"memories"

48.

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.

A.acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theUSisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesisanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

49.

TheauthormostprobablythinksthatPicasso'sartis______.

A.unprecedentedB.complicatedC.apprehensibleD.matchless

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

OnlytwomajorAmericanfilmforms—theslapstickcomedyandthewestern—withstoodtheeffectsofforeigninfluencesthroughoutthe1920's,whentheentirefilmindustry,wasdominatedbytheEuropeanmoviemakers.Theseformswerealreadyimmenselypopularallovertheworld(therewasnoneedtomakethemmore"artistic"byfollowingthelatestEuropeanfashions),andtheywereatoncetoosuccessfulandtoolowlytowarrantsuchimprovements-theywereconsidered"justentertainment."Theyborenoweightymessages,inspirednocultsandnoschoolsofesthetics.Buttheydelightedaudiences,bothhereandabroad,becausetheyweresopurelyandsimplyAmerica.Unconsciously,theyrepresentedallthatwasbestinAmericawithouttheslightesttraceofintention,ofsermonizing.Theingenuityandeternaloptimismofthecornicesandthecowboys'spiritofadventureastheyrodetheplainsinsearchofthenextfrontierwereenoughtocarrythemessageoftheAmericandreamtotiredEuropeans,tocrampedcitydwellers,tosmallboys,tope