2017年12月英语四级参及听力原文

ourhearts,wewouldliketodeeplythankeachandevery stoppedby!"1:WhodidAddisonraisethemoneyfor?2:HowdidAddisonraisethemoney?NewsReportLastweek,Franceannouncedthatthecountrywillpave621 roadwithsolarpanelsoverthenextfiveyearswiththegoalofprovidingcheap,renewableenergytofivemillionpeople.CalledtheWardWay,theroadswillbebuiltthroughjointeffortswiththeFrenchroadbuilding ColasandtheNationalInstituteofSolarEnergy. spentthelastfiveyearsdevelosolarpanelsthatareonlyaboutaquarterofinchthickandarestrongenoughtostanduptoheavyhighwaytrafficwithoutbreakingormakingtheroadsmoreslippery.Thepanelsarealsodesignedsothattheycanbeinstalleddirectlyontopoftheexistingroadways,makingthemrelativelycheapandeasytoinstall.Franceisthefirstcountrytokickaroundtheideaofpavingitsroadswithsolarpanels.InNovember2015,theNetherlandscompleteda229-footlongbikepathpavedwithsolarpanelsasatestforfutureprojects.However,thisisthefirsttimeapanelhasbeendesignedtobelaiddirectlyontopexistingroadsandthefirstprojecttoinstallthepanelsonpublichighways.3:WhatwasFrance’spurposeofconstructingtheWardWay?4:WhatisspecialaboutthesolarpanelsusedintheWardWay?NewsReportLionshavedisappearedfrommuchofAfrica,butforthepastfewyearsscientistshavewonderedifthebigcatswerehangingoninremotepartsofSudanandEthiopia.Continuousfightingintheregionhasmadesurveysdifficult.ButscientistsreleasedareportMondayingwithhardevidencethediscoveryof"lostlions."AteamwithOxfordUniversity’sWildlifeConservationResearchUnit,supportedbyacharityorganization,spenttwonightsinNovembercaminanationalparkinnorthwestEthiopiaontheEthiopia-Sudanborder.Theresearcherssetoutsixcameratraps,capturingimagesoflions,andtheidentifiedliontracks.ThescientistsconcludedthatlionsarealsolikelytoliveinaneighboringnationalparkacrosstheborderinSudan.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNaturehadpreviouslyconsideredtheareaa"possiblerange"forthespecies,andlocalpeoplehadreportedseeinglionsinthearea,butnoonepresentedconvincingevidence.5:WhathasmadeitdifficulttosurveylionsinremotepartsofSudanandEthiopia?6:Whatwasthemainpurposeofthe7:WhatdidtheresearchersfindinthenationalConversationM:Ibegyou’relookingforwardtotheendofthismonth.W:Yes,Iam.HowdidyouM:DavidtoldmeyouhadaspecialbirthdaycomingW:Oh,yes.That’sright.Thisyearwouldbemygoldenbirthday.M:Whatdoesthatmean?I’veneverheardofagoldenW:I’veactuallyjustlearnedofthisconceptmyself.Fortuna y,justintimetocelebrate.Agoldenorluckybirthdayiswhenoneturnstheageoftheirbirthdate.So,forexample,mysister’sbirthdayisDecember9thandhergoldenbirthdaywouldhavebeentheyearsheturns9yearsold.Cometothinkofit,myparentsdidthrowherasurprisepartythatM:Interesting.ToobadImissedmine.Mygoldenbirthdaybeenfouryearsago.IassumedlygotabignW:Actuallyyes.Myhusbandisnningasurpriseholidayforthetwoofusnextweek.Ihavenoideawhathe’sgotteninmind,butI’mexcitedtofindout.Hashementionedanythingtoyou?M:HemightW:Anythingyou’dliketoshare?I’mdyingtoknowwhatkindoftriphehasnnedwherewe’regoing.M:Yeah,nothingatW:Notaclue.Hardtoimagine,isn’tit!ThoughImustsay,IthinkhasbeenevenmorefunkeethesecretformethepastfewM:I’msurebothofyouwillhaveafantastictime.Happygoldenbirthday!Ican’twaittohearallaboutitwhenyougetback.WhatdoesthewomanlookingforwardWhatdidthewoman’sparentsdoonhersister’sWhatisthewomaneagertofindoutWhatdoesthemansayattheendoftheConversationW:Mr.Green,WhatdoyouthinkmakesasuccessfulM:Well,Itdoeshardtodefine,butIthinksuccessfulnegotiatorshaveseveralthingsincommon.Theyarealwayspoliteandrationalpeople,theyarefirm,butflexible.Theycanrecognizepowerandknowhowtouseit.Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsinthenegotiation,thewayitraisesandfalls,andhowmaychangethedirection.Theyprojecttheimageofconfidence,andperhapsmostimportantly,theyknowwhentoW:AndwhataboutanunsuccessfulM:Well,thisprobablyallofuswhenwestartout.Weareprobablyimmatureandover-trusting,tooemotionaloraggressive.Weareunsureofourselvesandwanttobelikedbyeveryone.Goodnegotiatorslearnfast,poolnegotiatorsremainlikethatandgoonlosingW:Inyouropinion,cantheskillsofnegotiationbeM:Well,youcanteachsomeonehowtopreparefornegotiation.Thereperhapssixstagesineverynegotiation,gettoknowtheotherside,stayyourgoals,starttheprocess,clarifythereisadisagreementor reassessyourposition,makingacceptablecompromise,andfinallyreachsomeagreementsandprincipals.Thesestagescanbestudied,andstrategiestobeusedineachcanbennedbefore-hand.ButIthinkthereallysuccessfulnegotiatorisprobablybornwiththesixthsensethatmayrespondproperlytothesituationathand.W: icsenseyoujustM:Yes,that’sWhat’sthemansayaboutgoodWhatdoesthemansay,maybethemostimportantthingtoasuccessfulnegotiator?HowisagoodnegotiatordifferentfromapoorWhat’sthefirststageofanegationaccordingtothePassageSomepeoplewonderwhycountriesspendmillionsofdollarsonspaceprojects.Theywanttoknowhowspaceresearchhelpspeopleonearth.Actually,spacetechnologyhelpspeopleoneartheveryday.Thisiscalledspin-offtechnology.Spin-offtechnologyisspacetechnologythatisnowusedonearth.Inearlyspaceprograms,suchastheApollomissionsofthe1960sand1970sandinthespaceshuttlemissionstoday,scientistsdevelopedobjectsfortheastronautstouseonthemoonandinspace.Wenowusesomeoftheseobjectseveryday.Forexample,wehavequartzcrystalclocksandwatchesaccuratetowithinoneminuteayear.Wepurifythewaterwedrinkwiththewaterfilterdesignedfortheastronautstouseinspace.Thecordlesshandheldtoolsweuseinourhomes,suchasvacuumcleaners,flashlights,drillscamefromthetechnologyoftheseearlyspaceprograms.Oncoldwinterdays,wecanstaywarmwithbattery-operatedglovesandsocks,especiallymadecoatsandjackets.Alltheclothesaresimilartothespacesuitsdesignsthatkeptastronautscomfortableinthetemperaturesofthemoon,inourspinoffsfromspacetechnology.Theseproductsareonlyafewexamplesofthemanywaysspacetechnologyhelpsusinoureverydaylives.Nooneknowshownewspinofftechnologyfromtheinternationalspacestationwillhelpusinthefuture.WhatdosomepeoplewanttoknowaboutspaceWhatdidscientistdoforthespaceshuttleWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthequartzcrystalclocksandPassageWell,ifIcouldgetbackinhistoryandlive,I'dliketogetbacktothe18thcenturyandperhapsincolonialAmericainYankeenewEnglandwhereoneofmyancestorslived,becauseitwasthebeginningofsomething.Bythe18thcentury,therewasafeelingofcommunitythathadgrown.Myancestorwasthepreachertravelingaroundcountryside.Peoplelivedinsmallcommunities.Itwasfishermanandfarmerswhoprovidedfreshfoodthattastedandlookedlikefood.Unliketoday’ssupermarkets,andthereweresmalltownsandNewYorkwasn'tthatfaraway.I'mdeeplyattachedtothepuritantraditionnotinareligioussense.Buttheybelievedinworkingforsomething,workingforgoals.AndIlikethat.Theyworkedhardatwhatevertheydid,buttheyhadasenseofachievement.Theybelievedingoodness,incommunity,andheloneanother.Ilovethecolonialfabricsorthesilverworks,thefurnishings,thecombinationofelegancesimplicity.I'dloveit.Theprinting,thebooks,I’mveryattachedtoallthatkindofthing.Thatmaynotallbeveryentertaininginthemodernsenseoftheworld,butIwouldhaveenjoyedspendingmyeveningsinthatenvironment,discussingnewideas,buildinganewworld,andIcanseemyselfsittingonasmallchairbythefire ngneedlework.Whydoesthespeakersayshewouldliketogobackandliveinthe18thcenturyAmerica?WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheWhatwouldthespeakerlike ngifshecouldgobacktothePassageIfyouarelostinthewoods,alittleknowledgeconcernedwithsomepeoplecalledahardshipintoanenjoyablestayawayfromthetroublesofmodernsociety.Whenyouthinkyou'relost,sitdownonthelogorrock,orleanagainstthetree,andrecitesomethingyouarememorizedtobringyourmindtothepointwhereisundercontrol.Don’trunblindlyifyoumustmove,don'tfollowstreamunlessyouknowit,andinthatcaseyou'renotlost.Streamsnormallyflowthroughwidelandbeforetheyreachalakeorriverthoughtherearemoreeatablents,theremayalsobewildanimals,poisonoussnakes,andotherhazards.Manyexpertsfeelitisthewisesttowalkuphill.Atthetopofmosthillsandmountainsaretrailslivingbacktocivilizations.Iftherearenotrails,you'remucheasiertobeseenontopofthehill.Andyoumayevenspotthehighwayorrailroadfromthispoint.Nowadays,thefirstwaysomeofyousearchforyouisbyair.Inthewidelandsorindensegrass,we'reveryhardtospot.Anytimeyouaregoingtothewoods,somebodyshouldknowwhereyou'regoing,andwhenyouareexpectedtoreturn,alsowhensomeonecomestolooking,youshouldbeabletosignaltothem.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseyoutodofirstifyouarelostinthewoods?WhatwillhappenifyoufollowanunknownstreamintheWhatdomanyexpertsthinkisthewisestthingtodoifyou'relostinthewoods?WhatshouldyoudobeforeyougointotheD)HerlittleB)BysellinglemonadeandB)ProvidingcleanenergytofivemillionC)TheycanbelaidrightontopofexistingC)EndlessfighingintheD)TofindevidenceoftheA)D)Her"luckyA)ThrewherasuperiseC)ThetripherhusbandhasB)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple'sholidayturnsD)TheyaresensitivetothedynamicsofaA)TheyknowwhentoB)TheylearnC)GettokonwtheotherA)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonC)TheydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterB)TheyareextremelyC)ItmarkedthebeginningofsomethingD)Theybelievedinworkingfor ngneedleworkbytheA)SitdownandtrytocalmC)YoumayexposeyouselftounexpectedA)WalkD)InformsomebodyofyourD)IthasgotoneofitsC) swerepostedonsocialA)ThedistanceB)GasconsumptionisB)HehelpsastrangertocarrygroceriestohisC)HeraisedalargesumofmoneyforA)HeworkshardtosupporthisA)AttendaneconomicsC)Attendhisbrother’sbirthdayD)Joinhiminhisbrother’sbirthdayB)ByA)TakingavacationC)WorkingparttimeasaB)SaveenoughA)HehasrichsailingD)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizeB)ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryA)BothdiedofbloodC)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthD)ItwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithA)TheeViking’soceanC)DreamabouttheB)ChangewhathehasforhispastimaginaryD)InternationalB)Becontentwithwhatyou20171226-30KDMO31-35FHICassociated（ved.）preventing（ving.）prohibiting（vtreated（ved）I定位：段落第一句，”Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequationinpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasE定位：段落首句。”FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYalemadeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-homeexams.”C定位：段落第三句“Hebelievesstudents ylearnmoreencouragesthemtoformstudyD定位：段落首句“Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.”Bhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenILearnedthis,figuringIHadafullweektodotheresearh.H定位：herearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminuteandmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.G定位：tudents’stest-formpreferencesvarytoo,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.F定位：Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesupject.Atative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.A定位：SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.J定位：“Ilikein-classsexamsbecausethetimeisalready opposedtousingmy timeathometoworkonatest,”he46-50DCAC51-55DAACGLFOCEdeveloMNJBC37.H38.D39.O41.B42.I43.F44.L46-50Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanB）Theyaregrowingfast ing定位：第一段第二句及第四句。第二句What’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly对应growingfast,第四句sub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanisationinotherpartsoftheItstartedwhen ewasrelatively定位：第二段第二句：MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.下文又提到因为收入低，所以Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoItlacksadequatetransport定位：第二段最后一句:…theonlylightrailmetrosystem…keepInwhatwaydoesauthorsayAfricancitiesareTheyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofWhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricanAmore 51-55ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave anambitiontogetForthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?Americans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewOverwhelmingly，theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?ItstillremainsopentoInthepastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess…theyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal…donotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.HowdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationtheseIthelpsbroadentheirWhilesome…seecollegeasawaytogainnewandWhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillD)AclearaimandhighSixty-year-oldWillFendley…thinks“ aldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation…26-30：FALG31-35：BMKOadvantage（n.）equipped（ved）limited（ved）maintained（ved）posted（ved）remained（ved）submitted（ved）PassageAginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.46-50WhatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutTheyjustcannotdoanythingaboutHowdomanyscientistsviewagingItmightbepreventedandWhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasaD)ItwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreatWhatdowelearnaboutthemedicalTheycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedWhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickThehumanlifespancannotbePassageFemaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelyto...51-55WhatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsinC)MoremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofWhatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchMenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMWhatdothestudiesfindaboutthe mendationlettersforwomenapplicants?B)TheycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheWhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersof TheydeletedallinformationaboutWhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherD)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen’sstatusacademic201712泰。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作LocatedinwesternShprovinceineastern ,MountTaistandsover1500metersabovesealevelandcoversanareaofabout400squarekilometers.Itisamountainofhistoricalandculturalsignificance.ReligiousworshipofMountTaidatesback3,000years.Inrecordedhistory,72emperorscameheretopayhomagetoheavenandearth.MountTaihasseenmanypoets,li ryscholarsaswellaspainterswhohavetraveledthereforinspiration.ThatexinswhyMountTaifeaturesnumerousculturalrelicsandhistoricsites.MountTai eoneoftheleadingtouristattractionsin 华山120山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以MountHuaislocatedinHuayinCity(Shaanxi, ),120kilometersawayfromXi’an.ItispartoftheQinlingorQinMountains,whichdividenotonlynorthernandsouthernShaanxi,butalsosouthand .UnlikeMountTaithatusedtobefrequentedbyworshipers/pilgrims,MountHuawasnotwellvisitedbypilgrimsfromtherestof astheroadsinthemountainwereextremelydangerous/becauseofinaccessibilityofitssummits.Backthen,however,thosewhowishedtoenjoylongevity/immortalityseekersventuredinMountHuaquitealotbecauseitwasbelievedthatnumerousherbs,rareonesinparticular,grewinthemountain.SincecablecarswereinstalledinMountHuainthe1990s,thenumberofvisitorshasincreaseddramatically/significantly/exponentially/themountainhasseenadramaticriseintouristarrivals.治皮肤病。黄山主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎。LocatedinsouthernAnhuiprovinceineastern ,Huangshanor llyYellowMountainisknownforitsuniquenaturalscenery,particularlysunrisesandseaofclouds.Toappreciatethemagnificenceofthemountain,youhavetolookupwardinmostcaseswhiletoenjoythefascinatinglandscapeofHuangshan,you'vegottolookdownward.Thehumidclimateoftheareaoffersfavorableconditionsforteatreestogrow,whichmakesthesurroundingareaofHuangshanofthemajorproducersofteas.Themountainisalsohometonumeroushotsprings,whichishelpfulforpreventingskindisease.Asoneofthetoptouristdestinationsin ,Huangshanrepresentsoneofthemostpopularthemesofphotographicworksandtraditional201712Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180HowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandNowadays,awide-spreadphenomenonoccurfrequentlythatparentsmakealotofdecisionsfortheirchildren,evenformostcriticalissuesoftheirlife,suchaseducation,workorevenmarriage.Thoughmanyparentsregardtheirchildrenastheappleoftheireye,theyhavenoenoughknowledgehowtobesthandletherelationshipwiththeirWemayfindseveralreasonstoexinthisphenomenonabove.Firstofall,parents,withtheirformerlifeexperience,alwaysthinkthattheyareabletomakeabetterdecisionthanteenagersdo.Next,theypaytoomuchattentiontotheironlychildinthefamilywithoutcaringfortheirchildren’sfeeling.What’smore,theyasserttheonlywaytorealizetheirunfulfilleddreamsislettingtheirchildrendothingsthattheywantthemto.Howtosolvesuchseriousproblems?Tobeginwith,parentsshouldadaptsomestrategicchangesinchildreneducation.Theyshouldconsciouslydeveloptheirchildren’scapabilitiestothinkontheirown.Inaddition,childrenshouldcopewiththedifficultiestheyencounterindependentlyandmayalsosearchforparents’necessaryguideonlyatcriticalmoments.Positiveparent-childbondsfosterautonomy,curiosity,self-esteemandbetterdecision-makingskills.Solet’stakeactionstoimproveparent-childrelationshipbeforeit’stoolate.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180Withbothparentshavingada