U2+Discovering+useful+stuctures 高中英语 （人教版2019）（必修第三册）

Unit2MoralsandVirtues

现在分词做状语&宾补1.动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，当一个简单句或从句中已经出现了一个谓语动词或系动词，那么第二个动词要变成非谓语形式（V-ed/V-ing/todo）2.动词的非谓语可做除谓语之外的任何成分，如定语，宾语，表语，宾补，状语，主语等。3.非谓语中分词形式的选择要先找其逻辑主语，在判断其逻辑主语与非谓语间的关系，现在分词主动或进行，过去分词被动或完成。非谓语动词之分词Part1现在分词做状语现在分词做状语与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词的完成时态的用法独立主格结构与分词作状语区别Done时间:原因:条件：让步：方式或伴随或结果：非谓语动词作状语可表时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随，可转换为相应状语从句或并列结构可转换为由“when,while,until引导的时间状语从句可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句可转换为由if,once或unless引导的条件状语从句可转换为由though/although引导的让步状语从句可转换为and引导的并列结构被动

完成Doing主动进行先找逻辑主语(逻辑主语与句子的主语一致)，再判断主被动。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened. Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.V-ing做状语逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；主动/进行Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Givenmoretime,wewilldobetter.Invited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.V-ed做状语逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；被动/完成1.分词作状语牛刀小试-分词作状语1.___________(direct)bytheteacher,allthestudentshavelearnedhowtorefertothedictionary.2.Therewasalargecrowdinthesquare,___________(protest)againstthewar.3.___________(compare)withtheearth,thelargestoceandoesnotseembigatall.4.___________(compare)withthatbook,youwillseethisismoreinteresting.5.Westoodbytheriverforafewmoments,___________(admire)theview.6.Fanslinedtheroadtothefinishingline,___________(cheer)onthecompetitors.7.Once___________(bite)byadogyoushouldgotoadoctor8.Theyjuststoodthere,___________(glare)ateachotherandsayingnothing9.Tom,___________(notknow)whatwaswrongwithhishomework,turnedtohisteacherforhelp.10.SwineFlu(HINI),first________(appear)inMexicoinApril2010,spreadthroughmanycountriesacrosstheglobe.11.___________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow12.Theyounghusbandlefther,___________(destroy)herlifeandallherhopesDirectedprotestingComparedComparingadmiringcheeringbittenglaringnotknowingappearingOrdereddestroying一般情况下，过去分词和逻辑主语是被动的关系，但某些过去分词的固定搭配不表被动，表主语的状态或主观心理感受，常见于：lostin(沉迷);seated(坐);born(出生于);dressedin(穿着)；interestedin(感兴趣)；tiredof(厌烦)；worriedabout(担心);Dressedinwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.Bornon2January1970,HebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversity.MovedbyMozart’smusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacher

praisedhiminclass.牛刀小试1._______(devote)tohisresearch,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutotherthings2._________(absorb)inmusic,hefeltasifhecouldseethebeautyoftheworld.3._________（worry）aboutthejourney,IwasunsettledforthefirstdaysDevotedAbsorbedWorried分词作时间状语，可转换“when/while/until”等词引导的时间状语从句，有时也将主语和be动词省略，即when/while+分词。2.分词作状语与状语从句或并列结构的转换Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝Whenshewaswalkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝Whenwalkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.

Heated,icewillbechangedintowater.＝Whenitwasheated,icewillbechangedintowater.＝Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。

Ashe__________________,hegotlost.＝_____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowthewayV-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not分词作原因状语，相当于“since,because或as”引导的原因状语从句，这类状语通常放于句子前半部分。Beingill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.＝Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Notknowingtheway分词作条件状语，相当于“if,once或unless”引导的条件状语从句。

Workinghard，you'llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llmakegreatprogress.

Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.＝Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.分词作让步状语，相当于“though/although/evenif/eventhough”引导的让步状语从句。

Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.＝AlthoughIknowitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.

Invited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.＝EvenifIaminvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.现在分词作方式、结果或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可转换为and引导的并列结构。

Tomsatbythewindow,readingabook.（V-ing做伴随状语）=Tomsatbythewindowandwasreadingabook.

Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.（V-ing做结果状语）＝Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.

Pleaseanswerthequestion，usinganotherway.（V-ing做方式状语）＝Pleaseanswerthequestionanduseanotherway.

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.＝Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandwasfollowedbysomestudents.

The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.＝The

old

man

walkedintheparkandwassupportedby

his

wife.1.

Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.2.Havingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hepassedthetest.注意1：doing有完成时态havingdone,表示比句子的谓语动词先发生,句子主语与havingdone的关系依然是主动关系。

1._________________(turn)

offtheTV,hebegantogooverhislessons.

2.______________(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplay

football.3._________________(buy)

whatsheneeded,Mrs.Smithwentoutofthemarket.HavingturnedHavingfinishedHavingbought1.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthemeeting.2.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedthetest.完成式的否定形式：not+havingdone____________(know)whattodo,Miketurnedtohisteacherforhelp.NotknowingTheweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.Wintercoming,peoplegetsmoreandmoreworriedTimepermitting,Iwillgowithyou.注意2：分词做状语的前提条件为分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，所以逻辑主语一般省略当主句的主语和分词的逻辑主语不一致，则逻辑主语不可省，被称作独立主格结构。现在分词作状语

Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened. Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Westoodbytheriverforafewmoments,

admiringtheview.独立主格结构

1._______(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.2.Becarefulwhen___________(cross)thestreet.3.__________________(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.4.___________(use)yourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.5.___________(work)hard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.6.Theheavyrainlastedthreedays,__________(result)inserioustrafficjams.7.Thegirlcamein,_________(follow)herparents.8.________(walk)inthepark,shesawanoldfriend.9.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,_________(read)abook.10._______________(finish)hishomework,Tomlistenedtomusic.ExercisesHearingcrossingHavingworkedUsingWorkingresultingfollowlingWalkingreadingHavingfinishedPart2the–ingformusedasobjectcomplementWeseeher

listeningtomusic.Thepolicecaught

theman

stealingthemoney.Wecanseefourkids

running.

V-ing做宾补，宾语与宾补为主动/进行V-ed做宾补，宾语与宾补为被动/完成分词作补语

分词跟在宾语后面做宾补，其逻辑主语为宾语；宾语与宾补间为主动，选doing，被动，选doneWhenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.Hefound

hishouse

brokeninto

whenhegotbackhome.Ifeel

thecomputer

moved

bysomeone.(1)Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

locked.(2)Hefound

hishouse

brokenintowhenhegotbackhome.(3)Ifeelthecomputer

moved

bysomeone.现在分词用作宾补对宾语进行补充说明，表动作主动或进行1.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：

watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。即“see+宾语+doing1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.过去分词用作宾补对宾语进行补充说明，表动作被动或完成havethelightburningallnightkeepmewaiting

alldayhavethecarrunning

allthewaymakehimstanding

thewholemorning

2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,let，get,keep等表示让宾补一直处于某种持续的状态,后通常接allday;allnight等时间状语We'rehavingourcar

repaired.I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

finishedforThursday.

Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

heardabovethe

sound

ofmusic.have,make,let，get,keep+done做宾补”宾语和宾补间为被动1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.

3.Wemustn'tkeepthemwaiting.当转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。=Thedogisfound

sleeping

onthestreet.他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。=Hewasheard

singinginthenextroom.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。=Theymustn'tbekept

waiting.千万不能让他们等。4.“with

＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中,现在分词用作介词with的

。过去分词与宾语之间是_______关系。宾语补足语

主动“with

＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的

。过去分词与宾语之间是_______关系。宾语补足语

被动1.Withhisbag___________(pack),heplaceditonthedeskandwenttosleep2.Withallthework___________(finish),themanwenthome.3.Withthekindman___________(show)theway,wefinallyreachedourdestination.4.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantwithnaturalresources________(run)out.5.Withmoreofhismind___________(concentrate)onhislessons,theboy,whowasoncecrazyaboutonlinegames,ismakingrapidprogresspacked

finished

showing

running

concentrated

有些单词或词组如：datebackto;belongto;consistof;runout;measure...等无被动形式，做非谓语用其doing形式。Thebookbelonging(belong)tohimisverygood.Thetreemeasuring(measure)5metersisverytallThecitydatingbackto(date)theMingDynastylooksbeautiful.牛刀小试1.Beachstonetabletteahasalonghistory,___________(date)back1,300years.2.Afterthetyphoon,peoplefoundsometalltrees,___________(measure)morethan10meters,lyingontheground.3.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,_________(measure)overtwometerslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.4.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantwithnaturalresources___________(run)out.5.Iattendedauniversity___