2020高考英语语法填空：解题技巧

语法填空解题技巧介词、动形容词谓语非谓语并列连词短语、副词动词动词词、复合句及其他1222112131122211112112221考点八、、卷名体裁名词词代词冠词2710211511351121133132271922112812254422222211132019说明文1012018说明文112017课标说明文1012016全国I记叙文2112015记叙文1102014议论文101合计7342018说明文112017课标说明文2112016全普［说明文2012015全国11说明文1012014记叙文01合计6242018课标记叙文111om7课标201/书用ttt记叙文2012016全国山说明文100合计412①语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空，考查根据上下文选择合适单词形式的能力。②语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种（数量比一般为7:3）。给出提示词主要是实词形式的转换，不给提示词主要是根据上下文填入合适虚词。③语法填空挖空一般比较均匀，所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。对形容词、副词，非谓语动词及并列句、复合句的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。在未来高考语篇型填空中，对动词（谓语动词、非谓语动词）、形容词、副词、名词的考查仍会是考试热点；对于介词、动词短语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。丽炽剖析］冠洞ChineseNewHearChineseNewHear连词代词等态动词和助动词硼名曳形容词副里代同《^晴景导人一］教师说明：通过纵横填字谜的游戏告诉学生：语法填空和字谜类似，都是根据ACROSS提供的线索来补充完整空格。ACROSSHeiscredr+edwithnamingtheyearsoftheChineseafter口nimcils.Plarrt+hafbringshappiness,wealthandJongevity,ChjneseNewYearisknownasthe Festjvdl,7.NumbercfanrrnarsmtheChinesecalendor,ILIfyoufindthismyourdumpling,youwillhaveayearofgwdluck.Whatchjfdrenrecedeinredenvelopes।fflicyhavebeen护cjd.Frurtsard+orepresentluckandprospertty,SeciioninwnjchChineseNewVeartakespFace.OOWN1.Whatmus+yoitcleanfobereadyforChineseNew/Year?3,AmmcltraditionallyrepresentedintheChineseNewYear*sDayparade6.CatorthatisbelievedtodriveawaybadluckThesearedecora+cd,hungintemples,口ndcarriedduringaparade.Animalfortheyear3017jniheChinesecalendar,NumberdtdaysphtheChineseNewYearcelebration,Typeofcatendar+ha+theChineseNewYbot匹tkasedonP一、如何备考语法填空基础常见搭配+基本句型和句子成分基础常见搭配+基本句型和句子成分有提示词方法无提示词方法多阅读培养语篇理解能力习惯二、阅读理解的解题方法无提示词无提示词，只能在空白处填入1个单词，填入单词的词性为冠词、介词、连词、不定代词、助动词、情态动词（口诀：冠介连代助）。每个词性最多考一次，具体内容如下：一、冠词,形容词性物主代词或限定词弄清句子结构，设空处后为名词或名词短语，设空处为名词的定语，又无提示词，可确定设空处应填冠词（a、an、the）、形容词性物主代词（如：my、your等）或限定词（如：other，another，either，both等）。QQg；：即学即练।OnewaythatAmericansdothisiswithfirmhandshake.Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobeBeethoven.Iearn10dollarshoursassupermarketcashieronSaturday.IjustheardbankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbygunmanwearingamask.Tosayisonething,buttodoisthing.二,介词❖注意搭配问题，见“高频动词&介词短语集锦”❖设空后是名词、动名词或what从句q行即学即练］Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃theaverage.Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwenttheroad.ManyofthethingswemowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutThomasEdison.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.Tomhadtoturntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.Itwillbefinishedanhour.Hereturnedafewdays.三■连词考察并列连词(and,but,or,so,for,because,when,while等)和从属连词(复合句)［解题技巧］连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。若一个句子中有两个句子(即有两个主谓结构)，且没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。:qgj；•即学即展―Overtime,thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.Givemeachance,I,llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetables,andcottoninthemarketpeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrassitbegantorainheavily.,代词［解题技巧］当句子缺主语或宾语时，多半考查的是代词。代词的考点有指示代词和不定代词等。有的不定代词，如another,theother,many,much,either,neither,both,any,all,each等还可以在名词前作定语。若名词前缺少定语时，根据意义和用法，以及主谓一致等，填入一个恰当代词。替代词it,that,those,oneit的用法(1)替代前面提到的同一事物⑵替代前面整句话的内容。(3)指动物、婴儿，或在情景中确认的某人(4)指时间、距离、气候、环境等(5)作形式主语或形式宾语

(6)用于itis..that..强调结构中1即学即练］Whilesomecomplaintsmightbereasonable,aretakenfromthinair.Susanmadecleartomethatshewishedtomakeamewlifeforherself.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfromintheUK.She,dlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikedandmovedtoCambridge.Asmilecosts,butgivesmuch.五.情态动词和助动词［解题技巧］❖如果空格后面是动词原形，则考查的是情态动词或助动词do表强调。❖如果句首有否定词，则可能考查的是倒装助动词。，上即学即练］“Hello,”shesaid,hesitantly."ThissoundcrazybutIwasonmywaytodropsomeofmymother,sthingsoffatthecharitybins.”Youarejustsomuchlikeher.”NotuntilIreturnedIrealizethataquiettownlifewasthebestforme.Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves, bringmefood.Hecomebutsoonwentback.有提示词有提示词有提示词的需要选择给出单词的适当形式填空，填入单词数在1〜3个词，给提示词的单词为实词：动词、形容词或副词、名词和人称代词。一■给出动词原形必考点，通常不止考一处。［解题技巧］❖词性转换：根据句子成分需要，把动词变成名词、形容词，做题方法见“四”；❖动词本身：一看是与非，二看主与被，三看定形式，四看主一致一看是与非：分析句子结构，确定是谓语还是非谓语。如缺谓语动词，则考查动词的时态和语态。二看主与被：看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态。三看定时态：根据语境或时间状语判断用哪种时态，如语境和时间不明显，则与上下句时态一致。四看主一致：注意主谓一致。即学即练)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou,llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,(make)sureit,sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.Inrecentyears,stress(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmyalready(exhaust)shoulder.Ihaddifficulty(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescued.Whilerunningregularlycan,tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.二■给出形容词或副词□□口□□口是高频考点，当给出形容词或副词时，往往要求写出形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式；有时考查形容词与副词之间的转换。［解题技巧］□□□□□根据句子结构定词性口□□□□□口口副还修句形形修名副修动：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词副还修句形：副词还可以修饰句子、形容词和副词。三级：有表示范围的inof/among介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□-ly□□□□□+y□□口y'i'-lyshy-shyly□□□□□+e□□□-e^-ly口-le口□□-e^-ywhole-wholly口-ll口□□□-y口-ic口口□-allypublic-publicly□□□□□□□□□“口©”口©口□"口yFW'e”口形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□口口□口口□□□□□□-er,-estlonglongerlongest□□□□□e□□□□-r,-stlatelaterlatest□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest□□□□□□y□□□□y□汨再力口包,-esteasyeasiereasiest□□□□□□口口□□□□□more,mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcareful形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化□□□□□□□□good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/badlyworseworstoldolder□□□□□□口elder□□□□□□oldest□□□□□□口eldest□□□□□□littlelessleastfar自rther□□□□口好代卜©1口口口口口口口口口口自rthest□□□□口好代卜651口口口口口口口口口口口诀：两好两坏和两多，一老一少和距离。:噂口)即学即练:Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseof(great)andlessimportance.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Oneofmy(memorable)vacationstookplaceonafarm.Thegirlusedtobeshy,butis(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakesthemadmirableistheir(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentof(globe)fertilizerconsumption.三.给出名词和代词［解题技巧］根据题干的语法结构，特别是空前的限定词判断词性。冠词、代词、数词、形容词等后应用名词。名词单复数、所有格人称代词五格变化即学即练This(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis(identify)whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.Anysmellmightattractnatural(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby(it)mother.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It,s_(I).”Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatwork.■词性或词形转化词性转化多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与名词间的相互转化，形容词与动词间的相互转化，动词与名词间的相互转化等。常考的词性转化见“高频词义转换集锦”。［解题技巧］第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。比如，修饰动词、形容词或副词或修饰整个句子作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语，用名词；在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意：有时不但要注意词性转化，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺；而且要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。【例1】Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：在形容词性物主代词her后，用名词或动名词形式，而空后有of短语作定语，所以填名词choiceo【例U2】DespiteCrabtree,sprofessionalandfamilysuccess,thosearoundherhadnotedher(satisfy)withnotfinishingschool.解析：由空前的her和空后的with可分析出，此处应该用satisfy的名词形式satisfacti