2021高考模拟考试英语模拟试卷(附答案解析)

选择题部分(共80分)

第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选

项符号涂黑。

1．—Hey,canIaskyouafavor?

—Sure,________________

A．hereyouare.B．justasIthought.

C．howisitgoing?D．whatcanIdoforyou?

解析：选D考查情景交际。句意：“嘿，能帮个忙吗？”“当然可以，怎么帮？”此

处D项与前面的“askyouafavor”相照应，所以选D项。A项意为“给你”；B项意为“正

如我想的一样”；C项意为“情况怎么样”。

2．Maryworkedhereasa________secretaryandendedupgettingafull-timejobwiththe

company.

A．pessimisticB．temporary

C．previousD．cautious

解析：选B考查形容词辨析。句意：玛丽刚开始在公司是临时秘书，但最终她在这里

得到了一份全职的工作。temporary“暂时的，临时的”，符合语境。pessimistic“悲观的”；

previous“先前的”；cautious“谨慎的”。

3．I________myselfmore—itwasaperfectday.

A．shouldn'thaveenjoyedB．needn'thaveenjoyed

C．wouldn'thaveenjoyedD．couldn'thaveenjoyed

解析：选D考查情态动词。句意：我从没有玩得这么开心过——真是完美的一天。此

处是否定词not与比较级more连用，表示最高级的含义，同时couldn'thavedonesth.表示“过

去不可能做过某事”，故选D项。shouldn'thavedone表示“本不应该做而事实上已经做

了”；needn'thavedone表示“本没有必要做而实际已经做了”；wouldn'thavedone用于虚

拟语气。

4．Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,the________offoodbecomesmoreand

moreofaconcern.

A．worthB．supply

C．packageD．list

解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受

到人们的关注。thesupplyoffood表示“食品供应”。worth“价值”；package“包装好的

东西”；list“名单”。

5．Thechildren,________hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.

A．allofwhatB．allofwhich

C．allofthemD．allofwhom

解析：选D考查定语从句。句中定语从句的先行词是thechildren，此处关系词在定语

从句中作宾语，故应该用关系代词whom，故选D项。

6．Ifweleaverightaway,________we'llarriveontime.

A．hopefullyB．curiously

C．occasionallyD．gradually

解析：选A考查副词辨析。句意：如果我们马上走的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。

hopefully“有希望地”，符合句意。curiously“好奇地”；occasionally“偶尔地”；

gradually“逐渐地”。

7．________howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.

A．HearingB．Hear

C．HavingheardD．Tobehearing

解析：选A考查非谓语动词。做该题时，要注意区分现在分词和动名词的用法，现在

分词短语不能作主语。根据句子结构可知，此处creates前面的主语应该是“________how

othersreacttothebookyouhavejustread”；其中“youhavejustread”是定语从句，修饰the

book；所以此处应该用动名词形式，故选A项。

8．Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild'sfirsteyeexam________attheageofsixmonths

old.

A．wasB．be

C．wereD．is

解析：选B考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，

根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B

项。

9．Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto________itwithimportant

points.

A．concludeB．lead

C．avoidD．hold

解析：选A考查动词辨析。句意：当小组讨论即将结束的时候，要注意确保用要点来

总结讨论内容。conclude“得出结论，做出总结”，符合句意。lead“带路”；avoid“避免”；

hold“容纳”。

10．Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitness

programs________sharply.

A．wasincreasingB．hasincreased

C．hadincreasedD．willbeincreasing

解析：选B考查时态。根据句意“在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人数已经增加

很多了”可知，increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由时间状语“During

thelastthreedecades”也可知，该空应该用现在完成时。

11．Halfof________surveyedin16countriessaytheygofirsttotheirclosestfriendtoshare

theirdeepestwishesanddarkestfears.

A．theseB．some

C．onesD．those

解析：选D考查代词辨析。句意：来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们

有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指

代前面提到的那些被调查的人。

12．Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation,________ideasandraisingquestionsto

keepthetalkflowing.

A．realizingB．copying

C．offeringD．misunderstanding

解析：选C考查动词辨析。句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问

题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识

到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。

13．Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform________

visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.

A．whatB．where

C．whenD．why

解析：选B考查定语从句。该句中的先行词是aviewingplatform，此处关系词在定语

从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。

14．Itwillbeabighelpifyougotothestoreandgetwhatweneedfordinner.________，I'll

setthetable.

A．AsaresultB．Onthewhole

C．InthemeanwhileD．Asamatteroffact

解析：选C考查介词词组辨析。句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那

就太好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。inthemeanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。

asaresult“结果”；onthewhole“大体上”；asamatteroffact“事实上”。

15．Peopledevelop________preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat________early

ageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.

A．a;anB．a;不填

C．不填；theD．the;an

解析：选A考查冠词。apreference表示“一种偏好”，developapreferencefor“养成

对……的偏爱”，故第一空用不定冠词a；atanearlyage是固定词组，意为“在很小的时候”；

故选A项。

16．Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief________youare

betterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.

A．howB．that

C．whichD．whether

解析：选B考查同位语从句。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，而

且引导词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故选B项。

17．Bears________fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolast

themthroughtheirwintersleep.

A．packupB．buildup

C．bringupD．takeup

解析：选B考查动词词组辨析。句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便能使它们

在冬眠的时候有足够的能量。buildup“集聚，积累”，符合句意。packup“收拾行李”；

bringup“抚养”；takeup“从事，占据”。

18．Ifwhatyourfriendcomesupwithsurprisesyou,don'trejectitimmediately.________，

imaginethatitistrue.

A．ThusB．Besides

C．RatherD．Otherwise

解析：选C考查副词辨析。句意：如果你的朋友想出的东西让你感到吃惊，不要立即

拒绝。相反地，想象一下它是真的。rather“相反”，符合句意。thus“因此”；besides“此

外”；otherwise“否则”。

19．Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,when________intime,canbecomebiggerones

lateron.

A．nottreatedB．notbeingtreated

C．nottobetreatedD．nothavingbeentreated

解析：选A考查省略。句意：有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比

较严重的问题。whennottreatedintime是whensomehealthproblemsarenottreatedintime的

省略。

20．—Excuseme,butcouldItroubleyouforsomechange?

—________.Willpenniesdo?

A．IknowB．Nevermind

C．IamsureD．Letmesee

解析：选D考查情景交际。句意：“对不起，可以换点零钱吗？”“我看一下。就几

个便士够吗？”letmesee表示“让我看一看”，符合语境。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，

选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将选项标号涂黑。

Lastspring,Iwasfortunatetobechosentoparticipateinanexchangestudyprogram.Inmy

applicationletter,Iwascarefulto__21__howmuchIwantedtoseeFrance;evidently,my

excitementreallycamethroughinmywords.OnceI__22__thatIwasgoing,allIcouldthink

aboutwasthefunofforeigntravelandmakingallsortsofnewand__23__friends.While

travelingwasinspiringandmeetingpeoplewas__24__，nothingaboutmyterminFrancewas

whatI__25__.

ThemomentIarrivedinParis,Iwas__26__byaniceFrenchcouplewhowouldbecomemy

hostparents.Myentireexperiencewasjoyousandexciting__27__Ireceivedsomeshockingnews

frommyprogramcoordinator(协调人)：therehadbeenadeathinmyhostparentsextended

family.TheyhadtotraveloutsideFranceforseveralweeks.Thatafternoon,Ihadto__28__outof

onefamily'shouseandintoanother.TheexchangecoordinatortoldmeI'dhavea__29__thistime

andaskedwhetherIcouldshareabedroomwithanEnglishspeaker.Toavoidthetemptation(诱惑)

to__30__mynativelanguage,Iaskednottobe__31__withanEnglish-speaking

roommate.WhenIgottomynewroom,I__32__myselftomynewroommatePaolo,aBrazilian

(巴西人)thesameageasIwhomIwassurprisedtofindplayingoneofmyfavoriteCDs!Injusta

fewhours,weknewwe'dbegoodfriendsfortherestofthe__33__.

IleftFrancewithmany__34__，sowhenpeopleaskmewhatmyfavoritepartofthetrip

was,theyarealways__35__tohearmetalkaboutmyBrazilianfriendPaoloandthescoresof

weekdaysinclass,weeknightsonthetown,andweekends__36__Franceweenjoyedtogether.I

lovehowpeople__37__seemsodifferent,butendupbeingso__38__.ThemostvaluablelessonI

gainedfromstudyinginFrancewasn'tjusttorespecttheFrenchpeople__39__torespectall

people,foryournextbestfriendcouldbejustacontinentaway.Iwouldrecommendanexchange

programtoanyonewhowantstoexperienceforeignculturesandgainmeaningful__40__.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了作为交换生去法国的经历。在法国期间，他

碰到了一个来自巴西的同龄人，也是室友，他们结下了深厚的友谊。

21．A.discussB．express

C．announceD．argue

解析：选B“我”在申请信中小心翼翼地表达(express)了“我”非常想去法国的想法。

discuss“讨论”，announce“宣布”，argue“争辩”，均不符合语境。

22．A.approvedB．knew

C．warnedD．denied

解析：选B一知道(knew)“我”要去(法国)，“我”能想到的就都是异国之旅的乐趣

和交各种有趣的新朋友。approve“赞成”，warn“警告”，deny“否定”，均不符合语境。

23．A.stubbornB．anxious

C．universalD．interesting

解析：选D根据语境可知，此处表示交有趣的(interesting)新朋友。stubborn“固执的”，

anxious“焦虑的”，universal“全世界的”，都不符合语境。

24．A.boringB．upsetting

C．excitingD．promising

解析：选C从inspiring可以推知，此处表示“结识朋友是令人兴奋的事情”，故用

exciting。boring“乏味的”；upsetting“令人心烦意乱的”；promising“有前途的”。

25．A.expectedB．liked

C．doubtedD．feared

解析：选A此处表示“除了旅行和结交朋友以外，其他都不是‘我’所预料的”，故

用expected。

26．A.sponsoredB．witnessed

C．greetedD．supported

解析：选C“我”到达巴黎的时候，一对友善的法国夫妻来接“我”。所以用greet，

意为“迎接，招呼”。sponsor“赞助”，witness“目击”，support“支持”，都不符合语

境。

27．A.untilB．when

C．sinceD．while

解析：选A“我”的整个旅程都是快乐的，令人激动的，直到“我”从项目协调人那

得知了一个令人震惊的消息。until“直到”，符合语境。

28．A.moveB．travel

C．walkD．rush

解析：选A从上下文知，由于“我”住的那家法国人的家中出现了变故，所以“我”

将不得不搬到另一家去住，故用move，意为“搬迁，搬家”。travel“旅游”，walk“走路”，

rush“奔”，都与语境不符。

29．A.housekeeperB．leader

C．roommateD．colleague

解析：选C从下文“shareabedroom”可推知，“我”将会和一个室友一起住，所以选

roommate。

30．A.learnB．appreciate

C．speakD．master

解析：选C为了避免说母语，“我”要求不要把“我”安置在也是讲英语的室友的房

间里。所以用speak，意为“讲(某种语言)”。

31．A.combinedB．fitted

C．involvedD．placed

解析：选D参见上题解析。combine“结合”，fit“适合”，involve“参与”，都不

符合语境。

32．A.addedB．introduced

C．devotedD．adapted

解析：选B“我”跟一个巴西人住在一起，所以“我”先要自我介绍，故用introduced。

add“增加”，devote“致力”，adapt“适应”，都不符合语境。

33．A.termB．week

C．monthD．vacation

解析：选A“我们”知道在法国剩下的日子里“我们”将成为好朋友。25空前的term

也是线索提示。

34．A.presentsB．suitcases

C．storiesD．dreams

解析：选C“我”带着很多故事(stories)离开了法国。present“礼物”，suitcase“手

提箱”，dream“梦想”，都与语境不符。

35．A.surprisedB．disturbed

C．embarrassedD．concerned

解析：选A听“我”谈论“我”的巴西朋友的时候，他们都感到很吃惊(surprised)。

36．A.analyzingB．exploring

C．describingD．investigating

解析：选B从上下文可知，此处表示“周末‘我们’一起去探索(exploring)法国”。

analyze“分析”，describe“描述”，investigate“调查”，都不符合语境。

37．A.needB．shall

C．mustD．can

解析：选D人们看起来是多么不同，但最终却又如此相似。此处用can表示一种可能

性。

38．A.generousB．independent

C．similarD．distant

解析：选C参见上题解析。此处表示转折，similar“相似的”，符合语境。

39．A.andB．but

C．orD．so

解析：选B根据语境可知，这里是notjust...but...“不仅……而且……”的结构，表

示递进关系，所以选B。

40．A.instructionsB．friendships

C．factsD．data

解析：选B通读全文可知，作者最终获得了珍贵的友谊，这也是他认为法国之旅中最

宝贵的经验和财富，所以用friendships。

第二部分阅读理解(第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分)

第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

A

Nooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.Itispossiblethatitgrewoutofthe

discoverythatsomepeopledidcertainkindsofworkbetterthanothersdidthem.Thatledtothe

conceptofspecialization,whichmeansthatpeoplewouldspecialize,orfocus,ondoingone

specificjob.

Let'stakeamanwe'llcallMr.Fielder,forexample.Hedideverythingconnectedwithfarming.

Heplantedseeds,tendedthefields,andharvestedandsoldhiscrops.Atthesametime,hedid

manyotherjobsonthefarm.However,hedidn'tmakethebricksforhishouse,cuthistreesinto

boards,maketheplows(犁),oranyoftheotherhundredsofthingsafarmneeds.Instead,hegot

themfrompeoplewhospecializedindoingeachofthosethings.

SupposetherewasanothermanweshallcallMr.Plowright.Usingwhatheknewabout

farmingandworkingwithiron,Mr.Plowrightinventedaplowthatmadefarming

easier.Mr.Plowrightdidnotreallylikefarminghimselfandwantedtospecializeinmakingreally

goodplows.Perhaps,hethought,otherfarmerswilltradewhattheygrowforoneofmyplows.

HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?Why,headvertised,of

course.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.That

signmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointing

totheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhis

reallygoodplows.

Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoorsignswereusedaboutfivethousandyears

ago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,theyunderstoodsuchsigns.Shopkeeperswouldcarve

intostone,clay,orwoodsymbolsfortheproductstheyhadforsale.

Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyoucommunicateyourmessage.Youmightsaythat

thefirstmediumusedinadvertisingwassignswithsymbols.Thesecondmediumwasaudio,or

sound,althoughthattermisnotusedexactlyinthewayweuseittoday.Originally,justthehuman

voiceandmaybesomekindofsimpleinstrument,suchasabell,wereusedtogetpeople's

attention.

Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.Itissomeone,probablya

man,withavoiceloudenoughtobeheardovertheothernoisesofacity.InancientEgypt,

shopkeepersmighthiresuchapersontospreadthenewsabouttheirproducts.Oftenthisearliest

formofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedshiploadedwithgoods.Perhapsthecrierdescribed

thegoods,explainedwheretheycamefrom,andpraisedtheirquality.Hisjobwas,inotherwords,

nottoodifferentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday'sworld.

语篇解读：什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？让我们读文章去

了解一下吧。

41．Whatprobablyledtothestartofadvertising?

A．Thediscoveryofiron.

B．Thespecializationoflabor.

C．Theappearanceofnewjobs.

D．Thedevelopmentoffarmingtechniques.

解析：选B细节理解题。从文章第一段中的“Nooneknowsforsure...didcertainkindsof

workbetterthanothersdidthem.”可知劳动力专业化促使广告的产生，故答案为B项。

42．Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright________.

A．praisedhisplowsinpublic

B．placedasignoutsidetheshop

C．hunganarrowpointingtotheshop

D．showedhisproductstothecustomers

解析：选B细节理解题。从文章第四段中的“thenheputupasignoutsidetheshopto

attractcustomers”可知，Mr.Plowright放了一块指示牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。

43．ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinorderto

________.

A．explaintheoriginofadvertising

B．predictthefutureofadvertising

C．exposeproblemsinadvertising

D．providesuggestionsforadvertising

解析：选A推理判断题。从第五段中的“Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoor

signswereusedaboutfivethousandyearsago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,they

understoodsuchsigns.”可知，作者举这两个例子是为了阐述广告的起源，所以答案选A项。

44．InancientEgypt,acrierwasprobablysomeonewho________.

A．ownedaship

B．hadtheloudestvoice

C．ranashopsellinggoodstofarmers

D．functionedliketoday'sTVorradiocommercial

解析：选D推理判断题。从全文最后一段中的“Hisjobwas,inotherwords,nottoo

differentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday'sworld.”可知，古代埃及的crier如同现在社会

电视和广播中的商业广告。所以答案选D项。

45．Thelasttwoparagraphsaremainlyabout________.

A．thehistoryofadvertising

B．thebenefitsofadvertising

C．theearlyformsofadvertising

D．thebasicdesignofadvertising

解析：选C段落大意题。从最后两段中的“Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyou

communicateyourmessage.”和“Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.”

可知，最后两段主要讨论了早期商业广告的形式，所以选C项。

B

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred,whyareveins(静脉)blue?

Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear.yellowishcolour,Althoughblood

looksredwhenit'soutsidethebody,whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it's

moreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessred

lightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworks

uptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofilla

supertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstill

yourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuch

bloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrown-ups?

Baby(or“milk”)teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger,strongeradult

teethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedby

bacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you'redone.Whenthey'regone,they're

gone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteeth

switchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn'tbecause

they'reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine(脊柱)becomesshorterand

morecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity(重力)．Many(butnotall)menandwomen

doloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3－4cminheightastheyage,while

womenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold,wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyou

were,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?No,becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink!Itisnot

thattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs,armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydo

getshorter,it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebentand

curved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy(眩晕的)?

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.The

brainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravity-and-motion-sensingorgansinyourinner

ear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.Butwhenyou

suddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol,andyourbrainthinksyou'removingwhile

you'renot!

Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethis

brainarea—frommicetodogs,cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,

painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeel

morecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.

Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?

Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,

it's“useit,orloseit”！It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy;it'smorethatalackofexercise

leavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

语篇解读：本文主要向读者介绍了一些与人体相关的知识和信息。

46．Whatisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

A．Blue.B．Lightyellow.

C．Red.D．Darkreddishpurple.

解析：选D细节理解题。从文章问题一下面的“whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurface

oftheskin,it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour”可知，静脉中靠近皮肤表面的血液应该是

绛紫色，所以答案选D项。

47．Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

A．Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

B．Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C．Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

D．Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

解析：选D细节理解题。从问题四下面的“Whentheydogetshorter,it'sbecausethespine

hasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebentandcurved.”可知，由于脊柱的缩短或弯

曲，所以老年人看起来显得矮了，所以答案选D项。

48．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainisTRUE?

A．Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.

C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

解析：选A细节理解题。从问题二下面的“But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,

becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,and

ittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.”可以知道，从长远来看，脑子可能要比心脏

更努力，更辛苦，所以答案选A项。

49．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A．Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B．Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C．Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D．Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

解析：选B主旨大意题。从全文可知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与人

体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文主旨大意。

C

Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthe

momentitisborn,thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthe

firstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoft

objectinitsenvironment,particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso,however,

thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”—thereal

motherorthemother-substitute(母亲替代物)．

Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological(心

理的)thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlows,acouplewhoareboth

psychologists,discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesof

mother-substitutes—onecoveredwithclothandonemadeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificial

motherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredthecloth

mother.However,ifthewiremodelwasheated,whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwo

weeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother-substitutesastheir

favorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorecomfortablecloth

mother.

Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact(接触)

comfortseemstobetheanswer,andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchof

theirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththe

parentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,orannoyed,ittypically

rushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesn't“rub”aswellasdoessoft

cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contactcomfort”withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabies

confidenceandismuchmorerewardingtothemthaniseitherwarmthormilk.

AccordingtotheHarlows,thebasicqualityofababy'sloveforitsmotheristrust.Ifthebaby

isputintoanunfamiliarplayroomwithoutitsmother,thebabyignoresthetoysnomatterhow

interestingtheymightbe.Itscreamsinterrorandcurlsupintoafurrylittleball.Ifitsclothmother

isnowintroducedintotheplayroom,thebabyrushestoitandholdsontoitfordearlife.Aftera

fewminutesofcontactcomfort,itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.Itthenclimbsdownfrom

themother-substituteandbeginstoexplorethetoys,butoftenrushesbackforadeepembrace(拥

抱)asiftomakesurethatitsmotherisstillthereandthatalliswell.Bitbybititsfearsofthenew

environmentaregoneanditspendsmoreandmoretimeplayingwiththetoysandlessandless

timeholdingontoits“mother.”

语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，作者在文章中主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的研究发现。

作者通过一系列的例子告诉读者实验中幼猴对妈妈的依赖。

50．Psychologically,whatdoesthebabymonkeydesiremostduringthefirsttwoweeksofits

life?

A．Warmth.B．Milk.

C．Contact.D．Trust.

解析：选A细节理解题。从文章第一段中的“Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslife...onto

almostanylarge,warm,andsoftobject...”和第二段的倒数第二句可知，幼猴刚出生的前两周

最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。

51．Afterthefirsttwoweeksoftheirlife,babymonkeysprefertheclothmothertothewire

motherbecausetheformeris________.

A．largerinsize

B．closertothem

C．lessfrighteningandlessdisturbing

D．morecomfortabletorubagainst

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“金

属丝妈妈”的原因在于相对于“金属丝妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”蹭起来更舒服，故选D项。

52．Whatdoesthebabymonkeyprobablygainfromprolonged“contactcomfort”？

A．Attention.B．Softness.

C．Confidence.D．Interest.

解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“Prolonged(长时间的)‘contactcomfort’with

aclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidence”可知，长时间与“布妈妈”接触，增强了

幼猴的自信心。

53．Itcanbeinferredthatwhenthebabymonkeyfeelssecure,________.

A．itfrequentlyrushesbackforadeepembracewhenexploringthetoys