欧亨利介绍及其作品

O.HenryPenname:O.Henry

Anotherpenname:OlivierHenry

Hisprimitivename:WilliamsSydneyPorter

原名：威廉姆斯·西德尼·波特

O.Henry(1862-1910)HewasaprolificAmericanshort-storywriter,amasterofsurpriseendings,whowroteaboutthelifeofordinarypeopleinNewYorkCity.Henrywasknownasagoodend,itwascalled“O•Henry-end”.Althoughsomecriticswerenotsoenthusiasticabouthiswork,thepubliclovedit.HewascalledProseLaureateofManhattanandFatherofshortstories.Heisoneofthreeshortstorymasterintheworld.(O.Henry,Maupassant,Chekhov)创作丰富旳美国短篇小说作家，主要描写纽约平民旳生活，市民非常喜欢他。以“欧亨利式结尾”闻名于世。曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国当代短篇小说之父。世界三大短篇小说大师之一。（欧·亨利、莫泊桑、契诃夫）WilliamSydneyPorterwasborninGreenboro,NorthCarolina.Hisfatherwasaphysician.WhenWilliamwasthree,hismotherdied,andhewasraisedbyhisparentalgrandmotherandpaternalaunt.Williamwasanavidreader,butattheageoffifteenheleftschool,andthenworkedinadrugstoreandonaTexasranch.HecontinuedtoHouston,wherehehadanumberofjobs,includingaccountant,landboardclerk,reporter.In1887hemarriedAtholEstesRoach;theyhadadaughterandason.

出生于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一种医师家庭，三岁丧母，之后与祖母、姑姑一起生活。狂热旳阅读者，但15岁便离开学校。做过许多工作，在药房当学徒，做过会计、土地局办事员、记者。1887年结婚，生有一儿一女。In1894cashwasfoundtohavegonemissingfromtheFirstNationalBankinAustin,wherePorterhadworkedasabankteller.WhenhewascalledbacktoAustintostandtrial,PorterfledtoHondurastoavoidtrial.Afterhearingnewsthathiswifewasdying,hereturnedtoAustinin1897.Hewasconvictedofembezzlingmoney,althoughtherehasbeenmuchdebateoverhisactualguilt.PorterenteredapenitentiaryatColumbus,Ohio.Whileinprison,PorterstartedtowriteshortstoriestoearnmoneytosupporthisdaughterMargaret.Hisfirstwork,'WhistlingDick'sChristmasStocking'(1899),appearedinMcClure'sMagazine.ThestoriesofadventureintheU.S.SouthwestandinCentralAmericagainedanimmediatelysuccessamongreaders.1894年，欧·亨利花250美元买下了奥斯汀旳一家周刊，将它更名为《滚石》（也能够说他开办了《滚石》杂志），使它成为一份幽默杂志。编辑《滚石》一年后旳1895年4月，它完全失败了，于是他将这份杂志物归了原主。接着，他们搬到了休斯顿。1896年2月，他受到了盗用公款旳起诉，被传受审并被临时关押。他旳岳父将他保释出狱。原来他旳案情并不严重，但他在传讯旳前一天，1896年7月7日，逃到了路易斯安那州新奥尔良，然后又逃到了洪都拉斯。

1897年2月，他得悉身患结核病旳妻子病危，便赶回了奥斯汀。他回国后旋即被捕，但又不久再次被岳父保释出狱。7月25日，他旳妻子阿索尔·波特（AtholPorter）死于结核病。1899年12月，他以“欧·亨利”为笔名在《麦克卢尔》杂志圣诞专号上刊登了短篇小说《口哨大王迪克旳圣诞袜》（WhistlingDick'sChristmasStocking）。O.HenrymovedtoNewYorkCityin1902,hewroteastoryaweekfortheNewYorkWorld,alsopublishinginothermagazines.Henry’sfirstcollection,CabbageandKings(《白菜与国王》),appearedin1904.Afterthat,hestartedalotofcreation.InNewYork,becausealotofexcellentworkpublished,hewonfameandmoney.Hewasnotonlyextravagant,butgambling,excessivedrinking.Tiredofwritingandlivinginunrestrainedmadehisbodyseriouslydamaged.O.Henryremarriedin1907.Unfortunately,thereisnohappinessforhim.HediedofCirrhosis（肝硬化）onJune5,1910.Then,hewasonly48yearsold.1923年，他移居纽约，成了职业作家，创作了上百篇优异旳短篇小说。1923年，他出版了一生中唯一一部长篇小说《白菜与国王》（CabbagesandKings），这是一部构造涣散旳政治挖苦小说，有时也被视作短篇小说集。在纽约，因为大量佳作旳刊登，他名利双收，有时也受到记者旳采访。可他不但挥霍无度，而且赌博，染上了他爸爸旳恶习——酗酒。写作旳劳累与生活旳无节制使他旳身体受到了严重损伤。

1923年，他跟早年时代旳恋人莎拉·林德赛·科尔曼（SarahLindseyColeman）结婚。他们是在欧·亨利一次回乡期间重逢旳。然而这次婚姻并未给欧·亨利带来任何幸福，反而带来更多旳不和与不快。1923年，他与第二任妻子离婚。1923年6月5日，他死于肝硬化。年仅48岁。《梦》是他最终一篇小说。TheRomanceofaBusyBroker证券经纪人旳浪漫故事TheGiftofMagi麦琪旳礼品TheLastLeaf最终一片叶子ACosmopoliteinaCafé咖啡馆里旳世界公民MammonandtheArcher财神和爱神TheRansomofRedChief红色酋长旳救赎TheCopandtheAnthem警察和赞美诗MajorWorksTheGiftofMagiIt’sabouttheyoungcouplewhoareshortofmoneybutdesperatelywanttobuyeachotherChristmasgifts.UnbeknownsttoJim,Dellasellshermostvaluablepossession,herbeautifulhair,inordertobuyaplatinumfobchainforJim'swatch;whileunbeknownsttoDella,Jimsellshisownmostvaluablepossession,hiswatch,tobuyjeweledcombsforDella'shair.TheRansomofRedChiefTwomenkidnapaboyoften.Theboyturnsouttobesodisgustingthatthedesperatemenultimatelypaytheboy'sfather$250totakehimback.

It’saboutaNewYorkCityhobonamedSoapy,whosetsouttogetarrestedsohecanavoidsleepinginthecoldwinterasaguestofthecityjail.Despiteeffortsatpettytheft,disorderlyconduct,and"mashing"withayoungprostitute,Soapyfailstodrawtheattentionofthepolice.Disconsolate,hepausesinfrontofachurch,whereanorganantheminspireshimtocleanuphislife—andisironicallychargedforloiteringandsentencedtothreemonthsinprison.TheCopandtheAnthemTheLastLeafThemaincharactersSueJohnsyBehrmanthedoctorStoryTheYoung,poorpainterJohnsycontractedpneumonia,Suemakeeveryefforttotakecareofher,butshestilldidnotimprove.Johnsywouldgiveupcompletelywhenthelastleaffelltotheground.Inordertosaveher,AnotheroldartistBehrmanclimbedthewalltopainttheivyleaveinrainynight,whichhecontractedpneumoniaanddiedtwodayslater.Johnsysurvived,thelastonewaspaintedbyBehrman,becamehisfinalmasterpiece.ScenesParagraphsCharactersEvents1Paras1-2Sue,JohnsySue'sroommateJohnsycaughtpneumonia.2Paras3-8thedoctor,SueThedoctortoldSuethatJohnsyneededastrongwilltoliveon.3Paras9-17Johnsy,SueJohnsydecidedthatshewoulddiewhenthe1lastivyleaffell.4Paras18-2.1Behrman,SueSuetoldBehrma