测量管理体系内审员培训技术基础教程

33s3sxnnv=xxiinvixin345678n9125kM(x)=xp=iiini=1=M(x)=inD(x)=(x)2p=iiini=12=D(x)=in73%=DD(x)i=(x)2ii=1n32++2+3x xsix=i=1nMxMnxnMxnM(x)=M(x)nininii1xsnn=2(x)2+(x)2=(x)2nnnn==ninixiix ss==ni[]iducialerrorofameasuring1absoluteerror0绝c02relativeerror x03fiducialerrorofameasuringinstrument差xrxr=mNaccuracyclasssmmxxxxxxx0y=xy=xxy=f(x,x...x)12N应++应123456789 uA uB或u(y)C或u(x)iuC(kUU(y)U=kuCA,AAAA xssnsu=AmAii=1is(x)=i=1n1v=n1iuu(x)AAsss(x)u(x)=nu(u(x)=s(x)mmu(x)=s(x)2RR=xxmaxminnCu(x)=As(x)nn2u(x)n53ksu(x)=psu(x)=pik=psiu(x)=sp2.BBB,Bau=Bkakpka(2)Pku(x)=0.71u(x)k32321a------vaUu==BkkUpkUp------k3au==Bk------33kkkau==Bk3------xsNu(x)=a=xN.s%k3y=f(x1ku(x)==312x6/26u(x)=x=x312士0.1e,0.296x6636x6/26u(x)=x=x312CU,3,u2(yu2(y)=[?yu(x)]2C?xix2xNu2(y)=(?y)2u2(x)C?xiiu(y)=C?xi?x?yu(x)iiu2(y)=(?y)2u2(x)+2?y?yu(x,x)C?xi?x?xijiiju(x,x)=u(x).u(x).r(x,x)-1r1ijijijuC(3)U=kuCU(y)=ku(y)C(2)U=kuppCk=t(v0ppeffAU(y)=ku(y)ppCtACn23456789C1.131.642.062.332.532.702.85ν0.91.82.73.64.55.36.0BB1u(x)v(x)=[i]2i2u(x)i vv=u4(y)Ceff?f()4u4(x)?xiiv(x)ikpvp(pk=t(v)ppefft(v)peffPP(%)68.27909595.459999.731235.8234567893.0773.000∞45，99.73测关量测1UUpuiucUrUr(yi)Up.r(yi)c.c.r1------------2------U=?k=2(k=3)U=?k=2(k=3)Up=?Up=?U=?peffy=y(1------y=y(1k=2(k=2(k=3)k=2(k=3)Up.r=?i型X及模标度表准标度表准分不量确一定览3Niiiixii i数iu(x)。iiccc定果度7.合格判U＞91/3MPEVMPEV+UEVU9595y=f(x,x,...x)12Nu2(y)=N(?f)2u2(x)C?xii=1ifC?xi?x?xi=1iu(x,x)iji=1j=i+1ij(xx)2s(x)=i.kiin1uxsxiu(x)=s(xi)AinAimiRR=xxu(x)=iAinACau(x)=au(x)=Bik..1uv=[B.i]2B.i2u.iAiB.1iu(y)=C=C(?fu(y)=C=Ceffeffu(xi)v?xiiUp(y)=kp.uC(y)=tp(veff).uC(y)pt(v)peffU(y)=k.uC(y)63322631451AuCuA42BuBU36An6k2a0.52Bk33434CABCk2m6扩展不确定度：果如下(单位mm)：10.03310.03610.02510.01810.012nins(x)=i0.00866u==0.00354(mm)An6u==0.00577(mm)Bk3合成标准不确定度：cABc取cnin(xx)2s(x)=i必0.00866An6Aa0.01Bk3取取B1B2合成标准不确定度：cABu40.006774v=cu4(x)+?xii512v(x)ip95%t(v)k=t(16)=2.12p95959595c9595cXX6%61.8161.6461.6661.8561.764.2u(x)21y=xyx2%xi61.8161.6461.66ni3?yu2(y)=()2u2(x)=u2(x)C?x4u(x)u(x)3u(x)32u(x)1=i0.0164%61.7461.8561.76?y?x?y?xu(x)11a20.07%u(x)===0.07%2k24.3u(x)3Xu(x)=a=20.3%=0.3%3k21235u(y)=u(x)=0.398%6Uku(y)7-0.51.U=0.3k=22.2.0=1.5µm()mm0.0090.0100.0100.0110.0090.0090.0100.0110.0110.010()=1.5µm0.0102?x2?x1?x2122.y=xyy?yu2(y)=()2u2(x)=u2(x)C?x4.u(x)u(x)2(xx)2s(x)=i=0.0008n14.3u(x)2m?xu(x)1u(x)11x=xx?x?xu(x)=u(x)+u(x)?x?xu(x)2CCCJJG026CA.i,959898979394,JJGACACSCASCCC=AS100%=A1CACCSs u(C)su(C)sACCCu2(C)=u2(A)=(A)2u2(A)CACCrelCsssu(Au(A)CCu2(A)=u2(C)+u2(C)relCrelArelssCrelCs relAmg/LCA.i,9598989793,1CA6s=A.iA/C2.2%su(C)=rel0.91%relrelA3.2u(C)relsuu=1.5/3=0.5%u2.ru(u(A)u2.ru2.ru3.ru3.rCrels3.ru(C)rels1.r2.r3.rrelAu(C)relsCrelCsCu(A)=u2(C)+u2(C)=(0.91%)2+(0.574%)21.08%relCrelArelss4.u(C)CAu2(C)=u2(A)=(A)2u2(A)CACCrelCsssCC95.8u(C)=Au(A)=1.08%必1.02%CACrelC101ss1AACAA10.010.110.010.210.010.39.610.09.810.09.710.1-0.4-0.1-0.2-0.2-0.3-0.2z123x2yyyyz),zz?z?zC?x?y?z?zC?x?y?x=2?y2n16s(y)0.3u(y)=s(y)0.333CCuu==n9973)?9973)nnUku=0.005nn61yxx12+xx4x3ux23xx=8124x=2x=04C?xC?x1?x2?x3?x41234x4x3?y?y?y?y?y?y?y?yC(x)=?y=x2=8=41?xx213C(x)==1==23C(x)=?y=x.x12=233?xx22233C(xC(x)==14?x4y=x1.x2+x=18+0=4x423uu(x)i?y?x.u(xi)i?y?xi421xx2x3x4xiRmCC33mm-0.2-0.2159.0160.5-0.113m3Sii=10(m)(m)FSi0iFmS01042mm2m311S=几D2=3.1416202=314.2(mm2)044m3Si3S31m3Si3S3143C.mAmBmBmmB.relmuRuFu2(S)B..relmB.relmb.rel0u(S)=u2(几)+22u2(D)B.rel0B.relB.rel43Am6Am2.1s(FF)/Cmmaxm.min=nnu(F)133Bmk31%u(F)==0.577%B.relm32.2u(S2.2u(D)0.2/3u(D)===0.577%B.relD20B.rel0B.relB.rel5uu(R)u(R)B.relmBmB.relmB.relmB.rel0BmmB.relmm=A=AmBmmCmm7k=2 kmmm1xyxx,y),(x,y)....(x,y)1122nn----------y=ax+bxii=ax+biiy=y(ax+b)=eiiiiiyiiiiiE?E=2(yaxb)(x)=0E?aii?a?E=(yaxb)(1)=0?bi?biiiiib=iinibix,y),(x,y)....(x,y)1122nnx2[x]2x.yiiiiai12ni12nxxxx[x]2=(x+x+...+x)2i12ni12nii1122nn----------ab?y?y?y?y(y)2(yaxb)2ss=i=ii1u(a)=s.x21[x]2inix]2n+n2x2[iiu(a,b)=ni.s2x21[x]2iniaxy