2018年专业四级部分题目

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.

A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen

B.wasbelievedtobe

C.isbelievedtohavebeen

D.isbelievedtobe

12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingto

applytouniversitycampus.

A.maintains

B.ismaintaining

C.maintained

D.hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehind

theappleorchard.

A.bluehazyVirginia

B.hazyblueVirginia

C.Virginiahazyblue

D.Virginiabluehazy

15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

A.theevil

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.

A.war

B.arewar

C.ofwar

D.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposed

tolight.

A.itsmostbasic

B.itsbasic

C.themostbasic

D.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverb

phrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.’Imgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeen

achievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthe

videotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.

A.justice

B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrude

commentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A.cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwitha

divorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsunique

developmentprogram.

A.final

B.further

C.supplementary

D.extra

27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidents

ofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.Maritime

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.The

wordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.

Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouring

backfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquired

intotheidentityofthe___31___professor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andthey___32___sentoneinreturn.

Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.

Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,in___33___,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,we

shoulddoher___34___inreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofour

own;ifa___35___invitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.By___36___ofthereciprocityrule,

then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitfor___37___to

accompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonly

intheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthat___38___withitisitspervasiveness

inhumanculture.Itisso___39___thatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisno

humansocietythatdoesnot___40___totherule.

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,

therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyour

answersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

(1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthat

existedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsand

churches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectonthe

shapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformal

aristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.Individualfreedomisprobablythe

mostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheir

owndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganized

authority.

(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievethey

shouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,

usuallybyage18or21.

(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthat

everyonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.Becausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddeninthe

Constitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.

(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thena

personmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.Thepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeof

anAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompete

successfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofits

abundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheir

fortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerial

success.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.Hardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryand

rewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’s

abilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeserve

tobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.

(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,

aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

41.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________.

A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition

B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety

D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities

42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?

A.Comparison

D.Causeandeffect

C.Definition

E.Processanalysis

PASSAGETWO

(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddo

somethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economics

and—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.

(2)NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels.Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringand

rewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandaward

ceremoniesforallkindsofthings.

(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditis

andanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.Aswellasthatthereare

alsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.

(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVformusic.InBritain,awriter

whowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewiththeDaVinci

Codeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversyby

apparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear

—buildingagardenshed.

(5)Awardsdon’tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,forEuropeanFootballerof

theYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitionto

peoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,

butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!

(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,forlocalwritersor

artists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsown

awardsfor“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.

(7)Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardoDa

VinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.

(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin“patronage”formrichpeople

—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewways

ofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Alotofscientificresearchis

noweitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.

(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.

(10)However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewillgoandseeit,orbuythe

DVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,the

ceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Theresult?Thegroupsellslotsmorerecords.

(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythe

personwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnot

onlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!

(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—

howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementis

takingplace?

43.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3

&4)

A.Amused.

B.Appreciative.

C.Sarcastic.

D.Serious.

44.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?

A.Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.

B.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.

C.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.

D.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.

45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?

A.Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.

B.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.

C.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.

D.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.

46.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentlies

in_____________.

A.natureofwork

B.personalcontact

C.sourceoffunding

D.socialstatus

47.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.

A.promotemarketratherthanachievements

B.dogoodtobothmarketandpopularity

C.helpthosewhoarereallytalented

D.areeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopular

PASSAGETHREE

(1)KnowingthatMrs.Mallardsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethe

newsofherhusband’sdeath.

(2)ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences.Herhusband’sfriendRichardswasthere,too.Itwashe

whohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleading

thelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.

(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’sarms.Whenthestormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.

Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.

(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortablearmchair.Intothisshesank,presseddownbyaphysical

exhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.

(5)Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.The

notesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).

(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledabovetheotherin

thewestfacingherwindow.

(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupinto

herthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.

(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewas

adullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceof

reflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.

(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.Whatwasit?Shedidnotknow;itwastoo

subtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,the

colorthatfilledtheair.

(10)Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingto

possessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.

(11)Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunder

herbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayed

keenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.

(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;thefacethathadnever

lookedsavewithloveuponher,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearsto

comethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.

(13)Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.Therewouldbeno

powerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivate

willuponafellow-creature.

(14)Andyetshehadlovedhim-sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,

countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!

(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.

(16)Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,open

thedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor-youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,Louise?Forheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."

(17)"Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(长生不老药)oflifethroughthatopen

window.

(18)Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthat

wouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudder

thatlifemightbelong.

(19)Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,and

shecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister'swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.

Richardsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.

(20)Someonewasopeningthefrontdoorwithalatchkey.ItwasBrentlyMallardwhoentered,alittletravel-stained,

composedlycarryinghisgripsackandumbrella.Hehadbeenfarfromthesceneofaccident,anddidnotevenknowtherehad

beenone.HestoodamazedatJosephine'spiercingcry;atRichards'quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.

(21)ButRichardswastoolate.

(22)Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease-ofjoythatkills.

48.HowdidMrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeath?

A.Herhusband’sfriendtoldher.

B.Shehadreaditfromthepaper.

C.HersisterJosephinetoldher.

D.Herdoctorbrokethenewstoher.

49.WhenMrsMallardwasaloneinherroom,she___________.

A.satinanarmchairallthetime

B.satwithherbackfacingthewindow

C.satandthenwalkedaroundforwhile

D.satinachairandcriedallthetime.

50.Howdidshefeelaboutherlovetowardsherhusba