acupuncture针灸学英文版

TradtionalChineseMedicineThefirstclinicalcollegeofXinxiangMedicalCollegeDepartmentoftraditionalChinesemedicineZhaijianliAcupuncture2

3456ElectroacupuncturetherapyappratusAgeneralintroductionto

meridiansandcollateralsTheypertaintothevisceraorgansinteriorlyandlinktheextremitiesandjointsexteriorly.Theyrunandconnecttheupperandloweraspectsofthebody,unifyingallpartsofthebodyintoanorganicwholeandmaintainingtheharmoniousbalanceofallthefunctionsandactivitiesofmanypartsofthebody.7Ageneralintroductionto

meridiansandcollateralsItintegratesphysiology,diagnosistheoriesandtreatmentprinciplesinTradtionalChineseMedicine.Thisisespeciallysointhepraticeofacupunctureinsyndromedifferentiation,pointselection,theneedlingtechniquesofreinforcingandreducing.8MeridiansandCollateralsgeneralconception:

Themeridiansandcollaterals(jing-luo)arethepathwaysthattransportqiandbloodtonourishthewholebody.

9Meridians(jingmai)-channelsMeridiansmeans“gothrough”or“apath”.Theyarethemaintrunks,thickandlarge.Theyrunlongitudinally

and

interiorlywithinthebody.10

thetwelveregularmeridianstheeightextrameridians

thetwelvedivergentmeridians

MeridiansthetwelvemuscleregionsthetwelvecutaneousRegionsThethreeyinmeridiansoffootThethreeyinmeridiansofhandThethreeyangmeridiansofhandThethreeyangmeridiansoffootbackCollaterals(luo

mai)Collaterals(luomai)means“somethingthatconnects”or“anet”.Theyarethebranchesofthemeridians,thinandsmall.Theyruntransverselyandsuperficially,andcrisscrossandnetthewholebody.1213thefifteencollateralstheminutecollateralsthesuperficialcollateralscollateralsThetwelveregularmeridians1.thecompositon2.thenomenclature3.thecharacteristicsofthedistribution4.thedirectionofflowandtheconnectingplaces5.theexterior-interiorrelationship6.thefunctionofthetwelvemeridians14ThetwelvemeridiansItisbasedonyinandyang,theassociatedzangandfuorgan,andtheirpathwayoneitherthehandorfoot.

yangmeridians---Yangming,Shaoyang,Taiyang;yinmeridians---Shaoyin,Jueyin,Taiyin.zangorgans（fivezangpluspericardium)----yin,fuorgans(sixfu)----yang.Themedialaspectisattributedtoyin,Lateralaspectisattributedtoyang.

151.Nomenclatureback1.Nomenclature16taiyinJueyin

shaoyinhandfootlungperecardiumheartspleenliverkidney1.NomenclatureyangmingshaoyangtaiyanghandfootLargeintestinesanjiaoSmallintestineUrinarybladdergallbladderstomachthetwelveregularmeridiansThethreeyinmeridiansofhandThethreeyangmeridiansofhandThethreeyinmeridiansoffootThethreeyangmeridiansoffootLungmeridianofHand-Taiyin

PericardiummeridianofHand-JueyinHeartmeridianofHand-ShaoyinLargeintestinemeridianofHand-YangmingSanjiaomeridianofHand-ShaoyangSmallintestinemeridianofHand-TaiyangStomachmeridianofFoot-YangmingSpleenmeridianofFoot-TaiyinLivermeridianofFoot-JueyinKidneymeridianofFoot-ShaoyinGallbladdermeridianofFoot-ShaoyangBladdermeridianofFoot-TaiyangbackLowerlimbsYinmeridians19HandmeridiansFootmeridiansThemedialaspectUpperlimbs

2.DistributioncharacteristicsbackLowerlimbsYangmeridians20HandmeridiansFootmeridiansThelateralaspectUpperlimbs21TaiyinmeridianstheanteriorborderJueyinmeridiansthemiddleborderOnthelowershank小腿(8cuntothemedialmalleolus踝)wherethelivermeridianoffoot-jueyinisontheanteriorandthespleenmeridianoffoot-taiyinisinthemiddle.yangmingmeridiansshaoyangmeridianstaiyangmeridianstheposteriorborderShaoyinmeridiansheadchestabdomenhandfootYinmeridianYangmeridiandirectionofflowandtheconnectingplacesback23directionofflowandtheconnectingplaces1.thethreeyinmeridiansofhandrunfromthechesttothehand(connectwiththethreeyangmeridiansofhand)2.thethreeyangmeridiansofhandrunfromthehandtothehead(connectwiththethreeyangmeridiansoffoot)3.thethreeyangmeridiansoffootrunfromtheheadtothefoot(connectwiththethreeyinmeridiansoffoot)4.thethreeyinmeridiansoffootrunfromthefoottotheabdomenandchest(connectwiththethreeyinmeridiansofhand)

Theheadistheleaderofalltheyangmeridians24theconnectingplacesofthetwelvemeridians1.theyinmeridiansconnectwithyangmeridiansinthefourlimbs.(1)thethreeyinmeridiansofhandmeetthethreeyangmeridiansofhandatthetipsofthefingers;(2)thethreeyangmeridiansoffootmeetthethreeyinmeridiansoffootatthetipsofthetoes;2.theyangmeridiansconnectwithyangmeridianssharingthesamenameontheheadandface.(nose,theinnercanthus,theoutercanthus)3.theyinmeridiansconnectwithyinmeridiansinthechest.(heart,chest,lungregion)25directionofflowandtheconnectingplacesThetwelvemeridianslinktooneanotherduetotheconnectionofthemeridiansofthehandandfoot,yinandyang,andinteriorandexteriormeridian,formingacyclicalsystemwithoutend.Itoriginatesfromthemiddlejiao,startsfromthelungandendsintheliveraftercompletingacyclethroughthebody,finallyreturningtothelung.2627theexterior-interiorrelationship

Thetwelvemeridiansformsixpairsofinternally-externallyrelatedmeridians.Theinternally-externallyrelatedmeridianspromoteandcontroleachotherinphysiologicalsituation,andtransformandaffecteachotherinpathologicalsituation.28backinternally-externally29Lung

largeintestinePericardiumsanjiaoheartsmallintestineSpleen

stomachLiver

gallbladderkidney

bladderZangFuthefunctionofthetwelvemeridians1.connectthezang-fuorgansinteriorly2.linktothelimbsexteriorly3.transporttheqiandblood4.nourishthewholebody30backTheeightextrameridians

Itrefertotheeightmeridiansthathavespecificfunctions,andincludetheDu,Ren,chong,dai,yangqiao,yinqiao,yangweiandyinweimeridians.31

TwelveregularmeridiansEightextrameridians32the

DumeridiantheRenmeridiantheChongmeridiantheDaimeridiantheYangqiaomeridiantheYinqiaomeridiantheYangweimeridiantheYinweimeridian.havepointsFourteenmeridiansThecharacteristics

oftheeightextrameridians1.noneofthempertaintoorconnectwithazangorfuorgan;2.theyarenotexteriorly-interiorlyrelated;3.theydohavenotrelatedhandorfootmeridians,someofthemdonothaveayinoryangaspect;4.theydonothaveacyclicalflowofqiasintheregularmeridians;5.apartfromtheduandrenmeridianswhichhavetheirownpoints,theothermeridianssharetheirpointswiththetwelveregularmeridians.33Thefunctionsoftheeightextrameridians1.connectthetwelveregularmeridians,2.store,drainandadjusttheqiandbloodoftheregularmeridians(1)whenthereisaplentyofqiandbloodinthetwelvemeridians,qiandbloodareabsorbedbytheeightextrameridianstobestoredforfutureuse.(2)whenthereisaninsufficiencyofqiandblood,theyreleaseqiandbloodtothetwelveregularmeridians.34TheDumeridianTheDumeridianrunsalongthemidlineofthebackandascendsheadandfaceandmeetsalltheyangmeridians.“Theseaoftheyangmeridians”Functions:regulatetheqiofallyangmeridians.35TheRenmeridian

TheRenmeridianrunsalongthemidlineoftheabdomenandthechest,andproceedsupwardtothechin.“Theseaoftheyinmeridians”Functions:regulatetheqiofallyinmeridians.36

Thephysiologicalfunctionsandpathogenicchangesofthemeridiansandcollaterals(1)connectingtheinteriorandexterior,andlinkingthethoraxandthelimbs(2)transportingqiandbloodandnourishingthewholebody(3)resistingpathogensandprotectingthebody(4)regulatingthefunctionofthezang-fuorgansandkeepingthebalance.371.Thephysiologicalfunctions2.pathogenicchanges38themeridian-collateralsthemeridian-collateralsthemeridian-collateralspathologyofthezang-fu.pathologyofthefivesenseorgans.pathologyofthesuperficialareaofthebody.relationship3.Clinicalapplication1.Guidanceofdiagnosis(1)distinguishingthedisorderedmeridianfromlocation

headache39lateralsidebackoftheheadTopoftheheadShaoyangmeridianTaiyangmeridianJueyinmeridian40(2)distinguishingthedisordersofmeridiansaccordingtothespecificsymptoms

Liver-firereddenedeyes(3)distinguishingthedisordersofthezang-fuorgansZhongfulungdiseases(frontmupointoflung)41422.Guidanceofacupunctureandmoxibustiontreatment

Thedoctrineofmeridian-collateralcanbeusedasguideforthetheoreticalbasisfortreatmentbasedondifferentiation,selectionofpointsandthereinforcingandreduingmethodinacupunctureandmoxibustiontherapy.4344Acupoints

Everymeridianhasattributedacupoints.Acupointsarethesiteswherethemeridianqiistransmittedtothesuperficialaspectofthebody.45Generalintroductiontoacupoints

Acupointsarethespecificsitesthroughwhichtheqiofthezang-fuorgansandmeridiansistransportedtothebodysurface,andthroughwhichacupunctureandmoxibustionandothertherapiesareappliedbyexternalstimulation.

Shuxue(acupoint)arealsotermed“xue”or“xuewei”.“shu”means“transportation”and“transmission”,while“xue”means“hole”or“gathering”.46Classificationofacupoints1.Acupointsofthefourteenmeridians2.Extraordinarypoints3.Ashiacupoints47FourteenmeridianpointsTheAcupointsdistributedalongthetwelveregularmeridiansandtheDuandRenmeridiansarecalled“Acupointsofthefourteenmeridians”,or“meridianpoints”.Theycannotonlytreatthediseasesofmeridiansthemselves,butalsoreflectdisordersofthefourteenmeridiansandtherelatedzang-fuorgans.48Twelveregularmeridians49Renmeridian24points309pairsofpointsDumeridian28points361points50Extraordinarypoints

Extraordinarypoints

definitelocation

(extrapoints)

specificname

treatcertaindiseases51

notrelatedtothefourteenmeridiansTaiyangheadachelowbackache

Yaoyan

52TaiyangYaoyan

Althoughscatteredoverthebody,theyarestillrelatedtothemeridiansystem.YintangisrelatedtotheDumeridian.

Taiyang

isrelatedtotheSanjiaomeridian5354YintangTaiyangAshipoints55AshipointssensitivepointsreflexpointstenderspotsneitherspecificnamesnordefinitelocationneitherpointsofthefourteenmeridiansnortheextrapointsusuallyneartheaffectedareasThetherapeuticpropertiesofacupoints1.thelocalandadjacenttherapeuticproperties2.theremotetherapeuticproperties3.thespecialtherapeuticproperties56Thelocalandadjacent

therapeuticpropertiesofthepoints

Alltheacupointsshareacommonfeatureintermsoftheirtherapeuticproperties.

Acupointscantreatdisordersofthenearbytissuesandorgans.57Jingming

eyedisorders58Zhongwan

gastricdisorders59Theremotetherapeuticproperties

ofthepointsThepointsofthefourteenmeridians,especiallythoseofthetwelveregularmeridianslocatedbelowtheelbowandkneejoints,areeffectivenotonlyforlocaldisordersbutalsofordisorderofthetissuesandzang-fuorganssofarasthecourseoftheirpertainingmeridianscaneffect.60

diseasesoftheneck,headandfacediseasesoftheupperlimbs

61Hegufever62

Zusanli

adefensiveeffectdisordersofthelowerlimbsthewholedigestivesystemThespecialtherapeuticpropertiesofthepoints

Clinicalpracticehasdemonstratedthatpuncturingcertainpointsmaybringforthhomeostaticbeneficialregulationonavarietyoffunctionalabnormalitiesofthebody.Puncturingthesameacupointmayhavetwooppositereactionswhenthebodyisindifferentfunctionalstates.Whenthebodyisinahyperfunctionalstate,acupuncturemaydecreasethefunction.Onthecontrary,whenbodyisinahypofunctionalstate,acupuncturemayincreasethefunction.63Thespecialtherapeuticpropertiesofthepoints

PuncturingNeiguancorrectsbothtachycardiaandbradycardia.64

Neiguan(2cunabovethetransversecreaseofthewrist)65

Tianshu(2cunlateraltotheumbilicus)

NeedingTianshurelievesbothdiarrheaandconstipation.Theindicationsofthefourteenmeridians

1.thepointsofameridianareindicatedinthedisordersoftheparticularmeridian.2.pointsoftheexteriorly-interiorlyrelatedmeridianscanbeusedtotreatdisordersofthesetwomeridians.3.neighboringpointscanbecombinedtotreatlocaldiseases.66Mportionalmeasurement2.fingermeasurement(1)middlefingermeasurement(2)thumbmeasurement(3)four-fingermeasurement3.simplemeasurement67Proportionalmeasurement

Thismethodutilizesthebonesandjointsaslandmarkstomeasurevariousportionsofthehumanbody.Thismethodisapplicableonpatientsofdifferentsexes,agesa