《英语写作教程（第一册）》课件L4 sentence types

SentenceTypes1.Simple,Compound,Complex,andCompound-ComplexSentences2.Loose,PeriodicandBalancedSentences3.ShortandLongSentencessimplesentence(简单句)compoundsentence(并列句)complexsentence(复合句)compound-complex

sentence(并列复合句)1.GrammaticallySIMPLESENTENCE:subject+predicate-verbAsimplesentencehasonlyonesubjectandonepredicate-verb,butitmaycontainmorethanoneobject,attributeoradverb.

1.WouldyoutellthewaytotheAstorHotel?2.Donotdisturbyourbrother!3.Whendidyoujointheclub?4.Whatalovelygirlsheis!COMPOUNDSENTENCE:simplesentences+simplesentenceAcompoundsentencecontainsatleasttwoindependentclauses.Theyarelinkedbyacoordinatingconjunction(and,but,or,so,for),bycorrelativeconjunctions(both…and,notonly...butalso,as...as),bytransitionalwords(however,moreover,therefore),byasemicolonorbyacolon.Examples？Compoundsentences:1.Itneverrains,butitpours.(coordinatingconjunctions)2.Themanofknowledgemustbeabletolovehisenemiesbutalsotohatehisfriends.(correlativeconjunctions)3.Aerobicexercisescanhelplowerbloodpressure;however,peoplewithhighbloodpressureshouldstilllimitsaltintake.(transitionalwords)4.Heisamanofprinciple;weallrespecthim.(semicolon)5.Hegothisorders:hewastoleaveforJapanthenextday.(colon)」FinishthepracticeinclassonP93.COMPLEXSENTENCE:independentclause+dependentclauseAcomplexsentencecontainsoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclauses,withasubordinatingconjunctiondenotingthelogicalrelationbetweenthetwoparts.Asarule,themajorideaisexpressedintheindependentclauseandthelessimportantideasisexpressedinthedependentclauses.Thedependentclausemayplaythepartofasubject,anobject,apredicative(表语),anattribute(定语),oranadverbialinthemainclause.Examples?

FinishthepracticeinclassonP96.

COMPOUND-COMPLEXSENTENCE:simplesentence(s)+complexsentence(s)Acompound-complexsentencecontainsatleasttwoindependentclausesandatleastonedependentclause—acombinationofacompoundandacomplexsentence.1.AfterIreturnedtoschoolfollowingalongillness,themathteachergavememake-upwork,butthehistoryteachermademedrophercourse.2.Whenthepowerlinesnapped,Tomwaslisteningtothestereo,andTeresawasreadinginbed.3.Lisadislikedwalkinghomefromthebusstop,becausethestreethadnooverheadlightanditwaslinedwithabandonedbuildings.Finishthepracticeinclassonpage97.RhetoricallyAloosesentence(松散句),putsthemainideabeforeallsupplementaryinformation;inotherwords,

itputsfirstthingsfirst.Thereadersknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.

2.Loose,PeriodicandBalancedSentences

Basicstatement:Bellsrang.Loosesentence:Bellsrang,bringingpeopleintothestreetstohearthenews.Basicstatement:Theteacherconsideredhimagoodstudent.Loosesentence:Theteacherconsideredhimagoodstudent,steadyifnotinspired,willingifnoteagerandresponsibleforhiswork.Aperiodicsentence(圆周句):themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofasentence,anditisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.Thereaderdoesnotknowwhatitismainlyaboutuntilhefinishestheperiodicsentence.Delay

isthesecretweaponoftheperiodicsentence.

Basicstatement:ThecatscratchedCathy.Periodicstatement:Suddenly,fornoapparentreason,theloveablecatscratchedCathy.Basicstatement:Loveisblind.Periodicstatement:Love,aseveryoneknows,isblind.」Howtoconstructperiodic/loosesentences?Expandthe

subject

bydescription,appositive,adjective,prepositionalphrase,participle,etc.Thegirlisbeautiful.Thegirlinredisbeautiful.Thegirl,theonedancinginthemiddle,isbeautiful.2.Expandtheverb

byshowinghowitsactionprogresses.Theboyboughtabighouse.Theboy,withthefortunesheobtainedfromwriting,boughtabighouse.3.Expandtheobject

byappositives.Isawabeautifulgirl.Isawabeautifulgirl,Kay.」Balancedsentence:ParallelstructureofthesamelengthandimportanceTheyareemphatic,forceful,impressiveforthecontrast,andpleasingtohearfortherhythm,butyoushouldavoidmonotonousnessandfaultyparallelism.Aweaknationcandefeatastrong;asmallnationcandefeatabig.Speechissilver;silenceisgold.

PracticeonP98/1003.ShortandLongSentences

Shortsentence:fewerthan15wordslongsentence:longerthan20wordsShortsentencesareusuallyemphatic,briefandclear,suitableforthepresentationofimportantfactsandideas,andfortheeffectof