2013年一级建造师水利水电工程管理与实务考前密-中华考试网校

中华考试网.华文燕园

客服咨询热线：400-0809-163投诉及非工作时间班电话：1580109203115011368587地址：北京市海淀区西三旗上奥世纪C座321—322号2014年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》模拟试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume6JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10Allthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11Theparentsalwaysrestraintheirdaughterfromswimminginthenearbypool.A.allowB.reduceC.preventD.confine12Thiskindofanimalsisonthevergeofextinction.A.dyingofB.dyingoutC.dyingoffD.dyingaway13Theyareendeavoringtoreformthepresentrules.A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making14Hefinallysucceededincarryingouthisplanowingtohishard-working.A.dealingwithB.adaptingtoC.copingwithD.dueto15Hisideatosolvetheproblemisreallyoriginal.creativeB.greatC.practicalD.perfect第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。DiningCustomEverylandhasitsowndiningcustom,andtheUnitedStatesisnoexception.Americansfeelthatthefirstruleofbeingapoliteguestistobeontime.Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerat6:30,thehostessexpectshimtobethereat6:30ornotmorethanafewminutesafter.Becausesheusuallydoesherowncooking,shetimesthemealsothatthecoffeeandmeatwillbeattheirbestatthetimesheaskstheguesttocome.Ifheislate,thefoodwillnotbesogood,andthehostesswillbedisappointed．Whentheguestcannotcomeontime,hecallshishostorhostessonthetelephone,givesthereason,andtellsatwhattimehethinkshecancome.Asguestscontinuetoarrive,themeninthegroupstandwhenawomanentersandremainstandinguntilshefoundachair.Amanalwaysriseswhenheisbeingintroducedtoawoman.Awomandoesnotrisewhensheisbeingintroducedeithertoamanorawomanunlessthewomanismucholder.Whentheguestssitdownatadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthementohelptheladiesbypushingtheirchairsunderthem.EvenanAmericanmaybeconfusedbythenumberofknives,forks,andspoonsbesideshisplatewhenhesitsdowntoaformaldinner.Theruleissimple,however,usethemintheorderinwhichtheylie,beginningfromtheoutside,orwatchthehostessanddowhatshedoes.Thesmallforkontheoutsideontheleftisforsalad,whichisoftenservedwiththesoup.Thespoononbutterspreader,onasmallbread-and-butterplateattheleft.Asthebreadispassed,eachguestputshispieceonthebread-and-butterplate.16Asacountryofimmigrants,theUSdoesnothaveitsowndinningcustoms.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17Theguestisexpectedtoarriveontimebecausethecoffeeandmeatwillbeattheirbestatthetimeheisrequiredtocome.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18Awomanusuallyriseswhensheisbeingintroducedtoanagedgentleman.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19Atadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthementoarrangechairsforladies.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20AtformalAmericandinner,theknives,forks,andspoonsbesidestheplateareplacedinacertainorder.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21Therightordertousetheknives,forksandspoonsataformaldinnerisfromthelefttotheright.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22Ataformaldinner,breadisusuallyservedtogetherwithsaladandsoup.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择个小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。HowWeFormFirstImpressionWeallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher--asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.2.Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld．Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson'seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifference.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessincomingsensoryinformation–thesightsandsoundsofyourworld,theseincoming"signals"arecomparedagainstahostof"memories"storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals"mean".Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays"familiarandsafe".Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,"new-potentially,threatening".Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother"known"memories.Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,"Hisisnew.Idon'tlikethisperson".Orelse,"I'mintrigued".Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:"Ilikethisperson".Butthesepreliminary"impressions"canbedeadwrong.4.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople--theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter--wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.5.However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson'scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking--andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.23Paragraph2__________.24Paragraph3__________.25Paragraph4__________.26Paragraph5__________.A.AFairlyNewDevelopmentB.ClassicsofScienceFictionC.DifficultyinKeepingAheadofScientificAdvancesD.OriginsofScienceFictionE.ThemesofModernScienceFiction27Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough__________.28Youinterpret__________bycomparingincominginformationagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain.29Thewaywestereotypepeopleis30Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto__________.concernedwiththeproblemstosolveinthefutureB.tokeepaheadofscientificadvancesC.implicationD.acurrentthemeE.readworldwideF.arecurrenttheme第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese(肥胖的)parentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn'tresultinnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould．Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithout"hopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue---eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60---69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.31Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatourweightisdeterminedby________.A.oureatinghabitB.ourlifestyleC.ourworkhabitD.ourgenes32InJulesHirsch'sstudy,thesubjects________.A.showednohealthproblemB.gainedweightrapidlyC.wereallveryshortD.livedonlyonliquidfood33Afterleavingthehospital,theeightfatpeople________.A.attemptedsuicideB.werebacktonormalweightC.wentmadD.followedtheadviceofHirsch's34InEthanSimsstudy,thesubjectswereaskedto________.A.stayinprisonB.eatasmuchastheycouldC.battletheirgeneticinheritanceD.lowertheirweight35Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Eachpersonwantstoeattohisheart'scontent.B.Each.personhasaweightrangeof9kg.C.Eachpersonhasanaturalweightrange.D.Eachpersonwantstocontrolhisweight.Diabetes(糖尿病)andEyeDamageOver2millionCanadianshavediabetes.ItistheleadingcauseofblindnessinNorthAmericansunder65yearsofage.Diabetesisaconditionwherethebodyeithercannotproduceenoughinsulin(胰岛素)orcannotrespondproperlytoinsulin.Insulinisimportantbecauseitmovesglucose(葡萄糖),asimplesugar,intothebody'scellsfromtheblood．Thefoodpeopleeatprovidesthebodywithglucose,whichisusedbythecellsasasourceofenergy.Ifinsulinisn'tavailableordoesn'tworkcorrectlytomoveglucosefromthebloodintothecells,glucosewillstayintheblood,leadingtohighbloodsugarlevels.Highbloodsugarlevelsdamagethebloodvessels,includingthetinybloodvesselsintheeye.Thisleadstoaneyediseaseknownasdiabeticretinopathy(糖尿病型视网膜病).Theretina(视网膜)isanareaatthebackoftheeyethatchangeslightintonervesignals.Withdiabeticretinopathy,somebloodvesselsintheretinaarelost,andsomeoftheotherbloodvesselsbeginto"leak"blood．Thiscausestheretinatoswellandgraduallycutsoffitssupplyofoxygenandnutrients(滋养物).Eventually,theretinastartstogrownewbloodvesselstoreplacethedamagedones.Unfortunately,thesenewvesselsarenotasstrongastheoldones.Theyaremorelikelytobreak,causingbleedingintheeye.Atfirst,peoplewithdiabeticretinopathywillnotnoticeanysymptoms.Asthediseasegetsworse,theymaynoticeblurred(模糊的)vision,blackspotsorflashinglights.Astimegoeson,itcanprogresstoblindness.Everyonewithdiabetesisatriskfordiabeticretinopathy,andtheriskincreasesthelongeryou'vehaddiabetes.Fortunately,youcanreduceyourriskifyoudonothavediabetes,butthinkyoumaybeatriskforthiscondition.Visityourdoctortobescreenedfordiabetes.Ifyoudohavediabetes:havefrequenteyecheck-ups.Makesurethatyoumonitoryourbloodsugarfrequentlyanduseyourmedicationsasrecommendedbyyourdoctor.Thereisevidencetoshowthatkeepingyourbloodsugarundertightcontrolcanslowdowneyedamage.Ifyouhavehighbloodpressure,followyourrecommendeddietandmedicationstokeepitundercontrol.Ifyouarenotsurewhetheryouhavehighbloodpressure,orwhetheryourbloodpressureisundercontrol,discussthiswithyourdoctor.36GlucosecannotbeturnedintoenergyinthebodyA.withoutdiabetesB.withoutsugarC.withoutinsulinD.withoutfood37Theword"its"inthesecondparagraphreferstoA.thenerve'sB.theblood'sC.theeye'sD.theretina's38Withdiabeticretinopathy,thedamagedbloodvesselsintheretinaA.arestrongerthanwhattheyusedtobeB.cannotbeproperlyreplacedC.aremorelikelytobreakthanthenewonesD.mayreturntonormalagain39TheworsteyedamageinducedbydiabetesisA.blurredvisionB.blackspotsC.blindnessD.flashinglights40Toslowdowneyedamage,peoplewithdiabetesshouldtrytouseasmanymedicationsastheycanB.eataslittleaspossibleC.wearglassesasoftenaspossibleD.keeptheirbloodsugarundertightcontrol"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity'sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants'growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.41WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.B.Theyarericebreeders.C.Theyarehusbandandwife.D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme_________.A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollutionB.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoilC.tobreedriceplantsthattastesaltyD.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?A.Naturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind44Theword"affect"inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby_________.A."influence"B."effect"C."stop"D."present"45Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis_________.A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。46根据下列材料，回答46-50题AmericanDreamsThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters:theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsarejustaseasilyfoundastheworst．Thisisacliche(陈词滥调)．Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld．ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone．46Noclasssystemorgovernmentstandsintheway．Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue．OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy．Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened．47.Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent．Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent25yearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth．48Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions．InCalifornia,incomesforlowerclassfamilieshavefallenby4percentsince1969．49ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans．Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth．Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty．At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld．YetthetaxburdenonAmerica'srichisfalling,notgrowing．50Therewasaneconomictheoryholdingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole．Butclearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality．46________________47________________48________________49________________50________________A.NobodyispoorintheUS．B.Thetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxburdenfallbyafull25percentagepointssince1980．C.Forupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen41percent．D.Nowitis9.8times．E.Asitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller．F.Allonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowardthetop．第6部分：完形填空(第52～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。CanLoudMusicCauseHearingImpairment(损伤)?HaveYouevergonetoaconcertandrealizedthatyourseatswererightnexttotheboomingspeakers?Areyouguilty(51)turningupthevolumeonyourportablecassetteorCDplayertodrownoutthewhining(哭哭啼啼)ofyourlittlebrother?Sometimesit'sdifficulttoavoidloudmusicornoises,buttheycanbebadnewsbecauseloudnoisescan(52)temporaryorpermanentheatingloss.Extremelyloudmusicandnoisesthatgoonforlongperiodsof(53)arecommoncausesofdeafness.Ifanoiseissoloudthatyouhavetoshouttomakeyourself(54),thereisa(55)thatthemechanisminsideyourearcanbeinjuredTemporaryheatinglosscanhappenafteryou'vebeen(56)toloudnoiseforonly15minutes.Ifyouhavetemporaryhearingloss.youwon'tbeabletohearas(57)asyounormallycan,andyoumayhavetinnitus(耳鸣),whichisafancywordforringingintheears.Yourearscallfeel"full",too(58)thesethingsusuallygoawayandyourheatingsoonreturnstonormal.Permanentheatinglosscanhappenwhen,someoneisexposedtoloudnoise(59)andover.Constructionworkersandpeoplewhoworkinfactoriesmust(60)earprotectorsbecausetheequipmenttheyusecanbeextremelyloud．Butevensomelawnmowers(割草机)andpowertoolscanpermanently(61)aperson'sabilitytohearhigh-pitchednoisesandcanalsogivehimpermanenttinnitus.Listeningtoextremelyloudmusicoverandovercallalsohavethesameeffectonaperson's(62)AndusingheadphonesonaportablecassetteorCDplayercanbedangerous(63)ifthevolumeistoohighandtheheadphonesareusedalot,thenoisecandamagetheears.Thebestwaytoavoidhearinglossistoweareatprotectorswhenworkingwithmachineryandearplugswhengoingtoa(64)HeadphonesareOKtowearwhenyou'relisteningtomusic;justbesurethevolumeisn'ttoohigh,andgivethemarest(65)onceinawhile.51A.ofB.forC.atD.on52A.haveB.takeC.causeD.tap53A.courseB.lengthC.stateD.time54A.heardB.appreciatedC.trackedD.welcomed55A.luckB.pointC.chanceD.sense56A.exposedB.expressedC.carriedD.reflected57A.goodB.wellC.regularlyD.stable58A.UnfortunatelyB.AccordinglyC.LuckilyD.Unexpectedly59A.overB.onceC.againD.away60A.hearB.bearC.wearD.tear61A.affectB.effectC.enforceD.present62A.scopeB.attitudeC.surveyD.hearing63A.whereasB.althoughC.becauseD.unless64A.concertB.factoryC.metingD.mall65A.eachB.everyC.allD.for参考答案与解析第1部分：词汇选项1【答案】:A协会的代表非常有效地解释了她的观点。A．解释，说明B．发明C．考虑D．接受，接纳【解析】考查短语。考查形式为划线词为短语，而选项为单个词。划线短语putacross意为“解释，说明”，与explain同义，所以答案为A。2【答案】:C他说话很强硬，尽管他有颗温柔的心。A．重的B．强壮的，有力的C．好的，善良的D．疯狂的，狂野的【解析】考查形容词。划线词tender意为“温柔的，柔软的”，与kind在语义上较为接近，故答案为C。3【答案】:C关于这项政策的相对优点的争辩是没有用的。A．制作B．拿C．讨论D．期望【解析】考查动词。题干划线词debate意为“争辩，辩论”，与discuss的意思相近，所以答案为C。4【答案】:C我们的数据显示我们消费了我们能生产的一切。A．浪费B．买C．使用D．卖【解析】考查动词。划线词consume意为“消耗，消费”，在语义上与use比较接近，所以答案为C。5【答案】:D这个燃料箱的容量为140升。A．功能B．能力C．权力，威力D．量，体积【解析】考查名词。题干划线词capacity为“能力，容量”，在这里当“容量”讲，在语义上与volume比较接近，所以答案为D。6【答案】:John与Mary合作写一篇文章。A．合作B．竞争，比赛C．合并D．争论【解析】考查动词。题干划线词collaborate意为“合作”，所以正确答案为A。7【答案】:A他决定巩固他的权力。A．巩固，加强B．控制C．放弃D．行使【解析】考查动词。题干划线词consolidate意为“巩固”，所以正确答案为A。8【答案】:B许多科学家一直在探测心理学问题。A．解决B．探索C．解决D．处理【解析】考查动词。题干划线词probe意为“探索”，所以正确答案为B。9【答案】:D听力问题可能得到缓解，通过饮食和运动习惯的变化。A．去掉，切除B．治疗C．严重D．减轻，变小【解析】考查动词。题干划线词alleviate意为“减轻，缓解”，所以正确答案为D。10【答案】:B所有汽车在出厂前要进行缺陷检测。A．功能B．缺陷C．动机，意向D．部分【解析】考查名词。题干划线词defect意为“缺陷”，所以正确答案为B。11【答案】:C这对父母总是制止其女儿在附近的池塘游泳。A．允许B．减少C．阻止，防止D．限制【解析】考查动词。划线词restrain意为“抑制，控制，制止”，与prevent同义，所以答案为C。这里confine虽然也有“限制”之意，但是confine搭配介词to，而非from。【考点延伸】表示“阻止，制止，限制”的短语还有stop…from…，limit…to…12【答案】:B这种动物正处在灭绝的边缘。A．死于B．灭绝，死光C．相继死亡D．减弱，消失【解析】考查短语。划线词extinction意为“灭绝，消亡”，与dyingout同义，所以答案为B。13【答案】:A他们正在努力改革目前的规章。A．尽力，尝试B．工作，加工C．做D．制造【解析】考查动词。划线词endeavor意为“尽力，努力”，与try同义，所以答案为A。14【答案】:D因为其努力，他最终成功实行了其计划。A．处理，应对B．适应C．处理，应对D．因为【解析】考查短语。划线词0wingt0意为“因为，由于，与dueto同义，所以答案为D。15【答案】:A他解决问题的想法真的很新奇。A．创新的B．伟大的，好的C．实际的，实用的D．完美的【解析】考查形容词。划线词original意为“创新的，新奇的”，与creative同义，所以答案为A。第2部分：阅读判断16【答案】:B作为一个移民国家，美国并没有属于自己的饮食习惯。【解析】文章第一段的第一句说“每个国家都有自己的饮食风俗，美国也不例外”。故选择B。17【答案】:A女主人计算时间做饭，以便当客人在预期的时间里到达时可以享受到最可口的咖啡和肉。【解析】利用题干关键词ontime(准时)和coffeeandmeat(咖啡和肉)进行定位，先在第一段的第二句中找到ontime，并在该段的第四句发现coffeeandmeat，两者信息相符，故选择A。18【答案】:B当一个妇女被介绍给一个年长的男人时，她通常会站起来。【解析】题干关键词为woman(妇女)和anagedgentleman(一个年长的男人)。先在第二段的最后一句中找到woman和old(aged的近义词)。该句说的是“年长的妇女”这种情况，而不是年长的男人，所以该说法不正确，可知选择B。19【答案】:C按照习俗，在餐桌上男人应为女人安排座位。【解析】题干关键词为arrangechairsforladies(为女士安排座位)或该短语的同义短语／句子。原文中并没提到该动作，所以答案为C。20【答案】:A在美国的正式宴席上，盘子旁边的刀、叉子和调羹按一定的顺序摆放。【解析】利用题干关键词knives，forksandspoons(刀、叉子和调羹)可以定位到第三段的第一句，说“原则是按照它们摆放的顺序使用”，所以刀、叉子和调羹是有摆放顺序的。故选A。21【答案】:B在正式的美国宴席上，盘子旁边的刀、叉子和调羹的使用顺序是从左到右。【解析】这道题与前一题相关，在前一题我们已发现了涉及刀、叉子和调羹摆放顺序的句子，而该句说的是“从外到里”，所以应是从右到左，而不是从左到右。故选B。22【答案】:C在正式的美国宴席上，面包通常和色拉、汤一块儿吃。【解析】利用题干关键词bread和soup可以定位到第四段的倒数第二句，发现“色拉和汤一块儿吃”的说法，但并没提到面包，所以答案为C。第3部分：概括大意和完成句子23【答案】:D第二段的段落大意为________。【解析】第二段主题句为首句，即“答案与你的大脑如何允许你意识到周围的世界有关”，即大脑如何感知周围的世界，所以D(比较新进入的感知信息与记忆)为正确答案。24【答案】:C第三段的段落大意为________。【解析】第三段没有明显的主题句，但明显是在举例，举例说明第一印象解读的过程，所以C(对第一印象的说明)为正确答案。25【答案】:B第四段的段落大意为________。【解析】第四段的段落主题句为首句，即“当我们将人模式化时，我们就会使用不成熟的思考方式，从而形成对别人的简单化和类型化的印象”，所以答案B(对第一印象的评价)反映了该段的主题，因而为正确答案。26【答案】:A第五段的段落大意为________。【解析】第五段也没有明显的主题句，因为两个句子都是“if”打头的，但是纵览该段，本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次，所以A(远离不成熟和简单化的印象的方式)为正确答案。27【答案】:E感官信息就是通过________获得的信息。【解析】利用题干的关键词sensoryinformation等可以定位到第二段“yourbraincontinuouslyprocessincomingsensoryinformation——thesightsandsoundsofyourworld．”即“你的大脑持续加工进入的感官信息，即你世界中的图像与声音。”所以E(世界的图像与声音)为正确答案。28【答案】:D你通过比较进入的信息与已有的记忆来解释________．【解析】利用题干关键词incominginformation和memories可以定位到第二段“Theseincomingsignals’arecomparedagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals‘mean’．”即“这些进入的信号与已有的记忆作比较来决定这些新信号的意义”，因而D(进来的感官信息的意义)为正确答案。29【答案】:C我们将人模式化的方式是不成熟的思维方式，近似于________。【解析】利用题干关键词stereotype和lessmatureformofthinkin9可以定位到第四段“Whenwestereotypepeople，weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)”，即“当我们将人模式化的时候，我们使用了不成熟的思维方式，与不成熟的小孩的思维没有什么不同”，所以C(小孩的不成熟的思维方式)为正确答案。30【答案】:B我们可以使用我们更加成熟的思维方式，因为________。【解析】利用题干关键词moremature可以定位到第五段“…morematurestyleofthinking——andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex，whichallowustobehumane．”即“更加成熟的思维方式，以及我们大脑皮层的复杂区域，这是我们成为人的重要因素。”所以B(我们大脑皮层中最复杂的区域)为正确答案。第4部分：阅读理解31【答案】:D第一段告诉我们，我们的体重决定于________。A．我们的饮食习惯B．我们的生活方式C．我们的工作习惯D．我们的基因【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词determine和weight等可以定位到第一段“Yourgenes，notyourlifehabits，determineyourweight…”，意为“是你的基因而非你的生活习惯决定了你的体重”。所以选项D是正确答案。32【答案】:D在JulesHirsch的研究中，受试者________。A．没有健康问题B．体重迅速增长C．全部比较矮D．依靠流质食物生活【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词JulesHirschk可以定位到第三段“JulesHirsch，aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity，didastudyofeightfatpeople．Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday．”意为“JulesHirsch，做了一项有关八个胖子的研究，给参加实验的八位胖子每天提供只含600卡路里的流质食物。”所以选项D为正确答案。33【答案】:B在离开医院后，这八个胖子________。A．试图自杀B．回到正常体重C．变疯了D．遵循Hirsch的建议【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词leavethehospital可以定位到第三段“Butafterleavingthehospital，theyallregainedWeight．”意为“离