2023年韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛原文

It’sTimetoRethink‘Temporary’Wetendtoviewarchitectureaspermanent,asaspiringtothestatusofmonuments.Andthatkindofarchitecturehasitsplace.Butsodoesarchitectureofadifferentsort.Formostofthefirstdecadeofthe2023s,architecturewasaboutthestatementbuilding.Whetheritwasacontroversialmemorialoranimpossiblyluxuriouscondotower,architecture’sraisond’êtrewastomakealastingimpression.Architecturehasalwaysbeensynonymouswithpermanence,butshoulditbe?Inthelastfewyears,theoppositemaybetrue.Architecturalbillingsareatanall-timelow.Majorcommissionsarefewandfarbetween.Thearchitecturethat’sbeenmakingnewsisfastandfleeting:pop-upshops,foodcarts,marketplaces,performancespaces.Andwhilemanymanifestations（临床表现，显示，证明）ofthegenre（类型，流派，风俗画）havejumpedtheshark（鲨鱼，骗子。欺诈，诈骗）(i.e.,aToysRUspop-upshop),thereisundeniable(不可否认的，公认的)opportunityinthetemporary:itisanapt（恰当的，有、、、倾向，灵敏的）responsetoacivilizationinflux.（流量，变迁，不稳定，流出）Andlikemanyprevailing（一般的，最普通的，流行的，占优势的）trends—collaborative（合作的，协作的）consumption（消费，消耗）(a.k.a.,“sharing”),communitygardens,barterandtrade—“temporary”issoretro（复古的，重新流行的）thatit’sbecomeradical（激进的，彻底的，主线的）.InNovember,Ihadthepleasureofmoderating（减速的，慢化的）Motopia（抱负都市环境）,apanel（座谈小组）atUniversityofSouthernCalifornia’sSchoolofArchitecture,withRobertKronenburg,anarchitect,professoratUniversityofLiverpool（利物浦）andportable/temporary/mobileguru（领袖，专家）.Authorofashelffullofbooksonthetopic,including“Flexible:ArchitecturethatRespondstoChange,”“PortableArchitecture:DesignandTechnology”and“HousesinMotion:TheGenesis（发生起源）,”Kronenburgisamanobsessed.（迷人的）Mobility（移动性，机动性）hasaninnate（先天的，固有的，与生俱来的）potency（力量，潜力，权势）,Kronenburgbelieves.Movable（动产的，可移动的，不固定的）environmentsaremoredynamic（动态的，动力的，有活力的）thanstatic（静态的）ones,sowhyshouldarchitecturebesostatic?Theideathatperhapsallbuildingsshouldn’taspire（渴望，立志，追求）topermanencerepresentsahugeshiftforarchitecture.Withoutthatburden,architects,designers,buildersanddeveloperscantakeadvantageofandimplement（实行，执行，实现，生效）currenttechnologiesfaster.Architecturecouldbereusable（可再度使用的，可反复使用的）,recyclableandsustainable（可以忍受的，足以支撑的，养得起的）.Recast（重铸，彻底改动）inthisway,itcouldbettersolveseeminglyunsolvableproblems.Andstillsucceedincreatingasenseofplace.Inhispresentation,Kronenburgofferedexamplesofhowportable,temporaryarchitecturehasbeenusedineveryaspectofhumanactivity,includinghealthcare(fromFlorenceNightingale’sredesignedhospitalstotheAirstream（气流）trailersusedasmobilemedicalclinics（诊所）duringtheKennedyAdministration),housing(fromyurts（圆形帐篷）totents（旅游帐篷，住所）toarchitectShigeruBan’spost-earthquakepaperhouses),cultureandcommerce（贸易，商业）(stagesetsandGreatExhibitionbuildings,centuries-oldBouqinistesalongtheSeine,（塞纳河）mobilefood,artandmusicvenues（场地）offeringeverythingfromtherecordingofstoriestotastycrème（奶油，烈性甜酒）brulees.)Kronenburgmadeacompelling（引人注目的，强制的，激发爱好的）argumentthattheexperimentation（实验，实验方法，实验过程）inherent（固有的，内在的，与生俱来的）insuchstructures（结构，构筑物）challengespreconceived（预想的，事先形成的）notions（观念，小商品）aboutwhatbuildingscanandshouldbe.Thestrategyoftemporality（俗事，暂时性，俗人，）,heexplained,“adaptstounpredictabledemands,providesmoreforless（更少）,andencouragesinnovation.（革新，改革，创新，新事物，新发明，新方法，新设施，新制度）”Andhestressedthatit’stimeforend-users（最终用户，终端用户）,designers,architects,manufacturers（制造商，厂商）andconstructionfirmstorethinktheirattitudetowardtemporary,portableandmobilearchitecture.Thisisastruefordevelopmentandcityplanningasitisforarchitecture.City-makingmayhavehappenedallatonceatthedesksofmasterplannerslikeDanielBurnhamorRobertMoses,butthat’sreallynotthewaythingshappentoday.Nosinglemasterplancananticipate（预期，盼望，占先，提前使用）theevolvingandvaried（多变的，各式各样的）needsofanincreasinglydiverse（不同的，多种多样的，变化多的）populationorachievetheresiliency（弹性，跳回）,responsiveness（响应能力，有同情心）andflexibilitythatshorter-term,experimental（实验的，根据实验的，实验性的）endeavors（努力，尽力）can.Whichisnottosaylong-termplanningdoesn’thaveitsplace.Thetwoworkwellhandinhand（联合）.MikeLydon,foundingprincipal（校长，委托人，当事人，资本，主犯）ofTheStreetPlansCollaborative（合作的，协作的）,arguesforinjecting（注射）spontaneity（自发性，自然发生）intourban（城市的，住在都市的）development,andseesthesetemporaryinterventions（干预，干涉，处置）(whathecalls“tactical（战术的，策略的，善于策略的）urbanism（都市生活，都市集中）”)asshort-termactionstoeffectlong-termchange.Thoughthere’sbeentremendous（极大的，惊人的，巨大的）mediaattentiongiventoquickandcheapprojectslikeSanFrancisco’sPavementtoParksandNewYork’s“gutter（排水沟，槽，贫民区）cafes,”Lydonseessomethingbiggerthanfodder（饲料，素材）forthestylesection.“Alotofthesethingswerenotjustfunandcool,”hesays.“Itwasnotjustabottom-up（自底向上的，从细节到总体的）effort.It’snotD.I.Y.urbanism.It’sacontinuum（连续统，连续统一体，闭联集）ofideas,techniquesandtactics（策略，战术，用兵学）beingemployedatalldifferentscales.”“We’reseeingalotofthesethingsemerge（浮现，摆脱，暴露）forthreereasons,”Lydoncontinues.“One,theeconomy.Peoplehavetobemorecreativeaboutgettingthingsdone.Two,theInternet.Evenfourorfiveyearsagowecouldn’tsharetacticsandtechniquesvia（取道，通过，经由）YouTube（视频网站）orFacebook（脸谱网）.Somethingcanhappenrandomly（随便地，任意地，无目的，胡乱地，未加计划地）inDallas（达拉斯）andnowwecanhearaboutitrightaway.Thisisfeedinginto（送入）thisideaofgrowth,ofbi-coastalcompetitionbetweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco,say,aboutwhodoesthecooler（冷却器，清凉剂）,betterthings.Andthree,demographic（人口记录学的，人口学的）shifts（意味，换班制）.Urbanneighborhoods（城乡）aregentrifying（使优化，修复或改善，使显得高雅，使中产阶级化）,changing.They’rebringinginpeoplelookingtoimproveneighborhoodsthemselves.Peoplearesmartandengaged（使用中的，忙碌的）andworkinga40-hourweek.Buttheyhaveenoughsparetimetogetinvolvedandthisseemslikeanaturalstep.”Lydonisn’tadvocating（提倡，主张，拥护）anendtoplanningbutencouragesmoreshort-termdoing,experimenting,testing(whichcanbeafarmoresatisfyingalternativetowaitingforprojectstopass).Whilethismaynotdirectlychangeexistingcodes（法典）orzoningregulations,（分区制条例）that’sO.K.because,asLydonexplains,thepracticesemployed“shineadirectlightonoldwaysofthinking,oldpoliciesthatareinplace.”TheDallasgroupBuildaBetterBlock（更好的阻止）—whichquicklyleapt（跳跃）fromatiny（微小的，很少的）grass-roots（基层的，基本的，一般民众的）collectivetoanactivepartnerincityendeavors—hasdemonstrated（证明，展示，论证）thatwhenyouexposeweaknesses,changehappens.Iftheirtemporaryinterventionsviolate（违反，侵犯，妨碍，亵渎）existingcodes,BuildaBetterBlockjustpaintsasigninformingpassers-byofthatfact.Theyhavealtered（改变）regulationsinthisfashion（照这样）.Sometimes—notalways—bureaucracy（官僚主义，官僚机构，官僚政治）getsoutofthewayandallowsforrealchangetohappen.Testingthingsoutcanalsohelpdeveloperschart（具体计划）therightcoursefortheirprojects.SaysLydon,“Adevelopercanreallylearnwhat’sworkingintheneighborhoodfromamarketplace（市场，商场，市集）perspective（观点，远景）—itcouldreallyinformorchangetheirplans.Hopefullytheycaningratiate（使迎合，使讨好，使逢迎）themselveswiththeneighborhoodandbuildcommunity.Thereisrealpotential（也许性）ifthedevelopersarereallylookingtodothat.”Andtheyare.Brooklyn’sDeKalbMarket,forexample,wassupposedtobeinplaceforjustthreeyears,butbecameaneighborhoodcenterwheretherehadn’tbeenmuchofonebefore.“Peoplegravitated（被吸引）towardsit,”saysLydon.“Peoplelikegoingthere.Youruntheriskofpeoplelamenting（哀悼，悲痛，惋惜）thelossofthat.Thedeveloperwouldbesmarttointegrate（使完整，使成为整体）thingslikethecommunitygarden—[givingresidentsan]opportunitytokeepgrowingfoodonthesite（现场）.Theradiostationcouldgeta（永恒的，永久的，不变的）space.Thebeergardencouldbekept.”SanFrancisco’sPROXYprojectissimilar.Retail,restaurantsandculturalspaceshoused（封装的）withinanartful（巧妙的，狡猾的，有技巧的，欺诈的）configuration（配置，结构，外形）ofshippingcontainers(运送集装箱),designedbyEnvelopeArchitectureandDesign,weregivenafive-yeartemporaryhome（临时住所）ongovernment-ownedvacantlots（空地）inthecity’sHayesValleyneighborhoodwhiledevelopersopted（选择）tosittight（稳坐不动，坚持主张，静待事态的发展）duringtherecession（衰退，不景气，后退，凹处）.Affordablehousingispromisedforthesite（经济合用房是承诺的地方）;thedeveloperswillnowbeabletocreateitinaneighborhoodthathasbecomeincreasinglyvibrant（震动的，充满气愤的，响亮的，战栗的）andpedestrian-friendly.Onanevenlargerscale,themajordeveloperForestCity（森林之城）hasbeentestingtheseideasoftrialanderror（反复实验，尝试错误法）inthe5MProjectindowntownSanFrancisco.Whilewaitingoutthedownturn,（经济方面衰退，低迷时期）thefolks（人们）behind5Mhavebeenbeta-testing（对新产品进行beta因素测试）tenants（房客，居住者）andusesattheir5th&Mission（使命，任务，代表团）location,whichwas(andstillis)hometotheSanFranciscoChronicleandnowalsotoorganizationslikeTechShop,theco-working（合作办公）spaceHubSoma,theartgalleryIntersectionfortheArts（美术馆的十字路口艺术）,thetechcompanySquareandasmatteringoffoodcartstofeedthosehungry,hardworkingtenants（高科技公司的广场和少数食品车来喂那些饥饿的，勤奋的房客）.Afewyearsearlier,ForestCitywouldhavebeenmorelikelytothrowupanofficetowerwithsomeluxurycondosontopandcallitaday:accordingtoacompanyvicepresident,AlexaArena,therecessionallowedForestCitytospendtime“re-imaginingplacesforo