中考英语名词复习

名词

一、中考考查重点可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格4.专有名词的常见的缩写形式

1第一页，共27页。名词{

专有名词〔如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates,January,Monday)

可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可数名{名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。2第二页，共27页。cap---capstask---tasksstar---starstree---treeshouse---housesexercise---exercises

可数名词的复数形式规那么变化A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-SB.以字母x、s、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-esbus---busesbox---boxeswatch---watchesdish---dishesclass---classesC.〔1〕以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstory—storiesbaby—babiescountry—countriesparty—parties〔2〕以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sday—daysboy---boystoy---toys3第三页，共27页。E.〔1〕以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradio—radioszoo---zoosbamboo--bamboos

D.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-esshelf---shelveslife—livesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswife—wiveshalf—halves特殊:roof---roofs〔2〕以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+es,potato---potatoeshero---heroestomato—tomatoes但piano—pianos,photo--photos除外.

4第四页，共27页。不规那么变化特殊变化：单复同形

manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildrensheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese5第五页，共27页。3.表示“某国人〞的名词，其变化有三种情况a

Japanese

five

Japanese(e.gChinese)aFrenchman

twoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman)aGermanfiveGermans

(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean)4.常以复数形式出现的名词集体名词：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面5.6第六页，共27页。5.复合名词的复数形式a.将主体名词变为复数e.gaboystudentboystudents

aflowershopflowershops

adiningroomdiningrooms

bananatree–bananatreesshoefactory–shoefactoriesb.当名词的第一个构成局部为man或woman时，将2个构成局部均变为复数

awomanteachertwowomenteachers

amannursetwomennurses7第七页，共27页。不可数名词{常见的不可数名词１.drink---coffe,milk,tea…2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German…7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice…物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)8第八页，共27页。不可数名词数量的表达法：

通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量abottleofmilk---twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat---threepiecesofmeat表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof,enough,plentyof……稳固练习:(1)一茶杯茶〔2〕一块冰〔3〕两公斤肉〔4〕五瓶橘汁〔5〕半公斤鸡肉〔6〕许多瓶牛奶

不可数名词没有复数形式9第九页，共27页。既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：

不可数名词可数名词paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人10第十页，共27页。专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节〕Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSUNITNBAIQEQPERMBVIP11第十一页，共27页。名词的所有格

单数的名词所有格Mike’sbagtheboy’sknife2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加’,读音与名词变复数同

thestudents’bookstheteachers’office3.不规那么名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后加’s,如:Women’sDaymen’sclothesshop4.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;

珍妮和海伦的房间

JennyandHelen’sroomJenny’sandHelen’srooms5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,那么在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西所有格用’s

的形式12第十二页，共27页。8..无生命的东西一般用“of+名词〞的形式表示其所有格thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark6.

有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加

-‘s构成所有格

2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室twohours’walkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaper

thestation’swaiting-roomatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup7.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格

后面的名词13第十三页，共27页。myteacher’sofficestudents’exercisebooksChildren’sPalacetoday’snewspaper15minutes’walk=a15-minutewalkatthebutcher’s=atthebutcher’sshoptoTom’s=toTom’shouse

1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去名词的所有格Practice14第十四页，共27页。8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些创造13他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsof

Edison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother15第十五页，共27页。主谓一致当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________arefilmfans.is

are2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is16第十六页，共27页。3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.gTheshoesarehers.

但是:

Apairofglasses_____onthetable.

Twopairsof

glasses______onthetable.

is

are4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_____peace.

love但是:people当“民族〞，youth当“男青年〞讲时，有单复数之分e.gHeis

ayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples

_____thisbook.

like17第十七页，共27页。5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer______overthereinthefield.

are6.Thepoetandmusician______attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_____justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_______ready.Breadandbutter____herusualbreakfast.涂了黄油的面包

was

has

are

is18第十八页，共27页。8.Both…and…的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Bothheandhisfather________there.

were7.采取就近一致原那么的句型结构：

Therebe…

e.g.There___abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.

notonly…butalso…

e.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe___right.

either…or

e.gEitherheorI____wrong.

neither…nor

e.gNeithershenorI_____right.

is

is

am

am表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。

e.gEighthoursofsleep_____enoughforyou.Tendollars_____toomuchtopay.

is

is19第十九页，共27页。

10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词

every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词

no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词manya+单数名词every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词

等结构做主语时，动词用单数。e.g.

Eachboyandeachgirl______seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent

_____comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon____tobebought.Eachofthestudents______adictionary.hashas

has

has20第二十页，共27页。(

)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.one B.apiece C.a D.apieceof

(

)2.Thistableismadeof_______.

A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glasses D.glass

()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe

_____800metreraceyesterday.

A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s.

(

)4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies

(

)5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs

课时训练选择填空：NOUN.21第二十一页，共27页。()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothers B.brother’s C.brothers’ D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish. A.businessletter B.businessletters C.businesses D.businessesletters

()8._____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used(

)9.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.

A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoe

C.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe______?

A.men'sroom B.mens'room C.men'srooms D.menrooms

NOUN.22第二十二页，共27页。1.Several_____aretalking

abouttheir______underthetree. A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.〔2000杭州〕 A．minute's

B．minutes

C．minutes'

3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春〕A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例题解析NOUN.23第二十三页，共27页。指点迷津Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberoft