呼吸系统组织学和胚胎学

呼吸系统组织学和胚胎学Respiratorysystem2021/4/272Nasalcavity,pharynx&larynx.Trachea&bronchi.Lung.2021/4/273一、trachea2021/4/274mucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea(HE)Mixedgland2021/4/275EM:epitheliumoftrachea4.SmallgranuleC1.CiliatedC2.BrushC3.GobletC5.BasalC2021/4/276Thewalloftrachea1.Mucosa=epithelium+laminapropriapseudostratiatedciliatedcolumnar…

CiliatedC,gobletC,brushC,basalC,smallgranularC.2.Submucosa=CT+mixedglands3.Adventitia=16-20‘C’shapedhaylinecartilagerings.2021/4/277

atmosphere&alveolialveoli&blood(blood&tissue)Gasexchangebronchiolelunglung二、lung2021/4/278Lung

Lowpower2021/4/279lungparenchyma:bronchialtrees&alveoli.Principalbronchi(Br)—lobular、segmentalBr—smallerBr—bronchiole—terminalbronchiole—respiratorybronchiole—alveolarduct、alveolarsac—alveoli.Conductionportion:aboveterminalbronchioles.Respiratoryportion:respiratorybronchioletoalveoli.Pulmonarylobule:bronchioleandit’sramifications.2021/4/2710Conductionportion－lobularBr&smallBrEpitheliumGobletCGlandsCartilageplateSMC2021/4/2711Conductionportion－bronchiole&terminalbrochioleSimpleciliatedcolumnar.GobletC（－）Gland（－）Cartilageplate（－）SMC2021/4/2712RulesofstructuralvarianceinconductingportionSmallBrbronchioleTerminalbronchioleEpiPseudostratifiedCiliatedcolumnarSimpleciliatedcolumnarSimplecolumnar**claracellGobletC

+++/--Mixedgland+++/--Cartilageplate+++/--SMC++++++2021/4/2713Respiratoryportion－RespiratorybronchioleThewallisinterruptedSimplecuboidalEpi,claraCSMC2021/4/2714Respiratoryportion－Alveolarduct&alveolarsacThewall,manyalveoliSMC**Simplecuboidal,squamousAlveolarductAlveolarsacNoSMC**2021/4/2715Respiratoryportion－alveolus肺泡管SimplealveolarEpi.2021/4/2716(1)

Respiratoryportion###constituents：respiratorybronchiole，alveolarduct，alveolarsac，alveolus。1.RespiratorybronchioleThewall,fewalveoliopeninto.SimplecuboidalEpi,SMC.2021/4/2717(2)

Respiratoryportion2.Alveolarduct&alveolarsacThewall,manyalveoliopeninto.KnobsinthewallofalveolarductKnobsissphincter-likeSMC.2021/4/2718(3)

Respiratoryportion3.alveolus:typeIalveolarCtypeIIalveolarCalveolarseptum.2021/4/2719TypeIIalveolarCmacrophageElasticfiber2021/4/2720typeIalveolarC2021/4/2721TypeIIalveolarCOsmiophilicMultilamellarbodies2021/4/2722blood-airbarrier2021/4/2723AlveoliTypeIcellsquamous,coveredmostsurfaceofthealveoli.TypeIIcellLM:roundorcuboidal,cellbodyprotrudeintothelumen.EM:

osmiophilicmultilamellarbody,withabundantphospholipids.Functions:secretsurfactant,reducesurfacetension,stabilizealveoli.2021/4/2724Alveolarseptum:continuousCap.,elasticfiber.macrophagedustC.@blood-airbarrierincludes:

1.mucuslayeronsurfaceofalveoli 2.typeIalveolarC 3.BMofalveolarC 4.delicatelayerofCT 5.continuousCap.BM 6.continuousCap.Endothelium.2021/4/2725TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolarductAlveolarsac12342021/4/2726RulesofstructuralvarianceinrespiratoryportionwallEpi.SMCRespiratorybronchioleNotintegratedAlveoliopenSimplecolumanSimplecuboidalthinAlveolarductManyalveoliopenintoSimplecuboidalAfewAlveolarsacofalveoliAlveolarEpi.noalveolusIrregularvesicularAlveolarEpi.no2021/4/2727AlveolarepithelialcellshapecytoplasmfunctionsTypeIsquamousPhagocytoticvesicleCovered95%ofthesurfaceofalveolitobenefitgasexchange.TypeIIroundcuboidalOsmiophilicmultilamellarbodySecretsurfactanttoreducesurfacetensionandstabilizethealveoli.TypeI

cellcannotregenerate.TypeIIcellcandifferentiateintoTypeIcell.**2021/4/2728