2022-2023年黑龙江省大庆市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年黑龙江省大庆市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Nowadays,pharmaceuticalsalesrepshaveshortervisitswiththedoctorthanthoseinthepastbecause______.

2.

Nonewerefullyawareoftheunsafeconditionsforloadingammunitionuntiltheexplosionoccurred.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Recruitersmaintain______anduseavarietyofmethods,includingsigningbonusesjustlikeproathletes,totrytocoaxthemtosignonthebottomline.

4.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Rivers

Byoriginalusage,ariverisflowingwaterinachannelwithdefinedbanks.Modernusageincludesriversthataremultichanneled,intermittent,ortransientinflowandchannelsthatarepracticallybankless.Theconceptofchanneledsurfaceflow,however,remainscentraltothedefinition.

Riversarenourishedbyprecipitation,bydirectoverlandrunoff,throughspringsandseepages(渗流),orfrommeltwaterattheedgesofsnowfieldsandglaciers.Thecontributionofdirectprecipitationonthewatersurfaceisusuallyminute,exceptwheremuchofacatchmentareaisoccupiedbylakes.Riverwaterlossesresultfromseepageintoshallowordeepaquifers(沙石含水层)andparticularlyfromevaporation.Thedifferencebetweenthewaterinputandlosssustainssurfacedischargeorstreamflow.TheamountofwaterinriversystematanytimeisbutatinyfractionoftheEarth'stotalwater;97percentofallwateriscontainedintheoceansandaboutthree-quartersoffreshwaterisstoredaslandice;nearlyalltheremainderoccursasgroundwater.Lakesholdlessthan0.5percentOfallfreshwater,soilmoistureaccountsforabout0.05percent,andwaterinriverchannelsforroughlyhalfasmuch,0.025percent,whichrepresentsonlyaboutonefour-thousandthoftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

Waterisconstantlycycledthroughthesystemsoflandice,soil,lakes,groundwater,andriverchannels,however.Thedischargeofriverstotheoceansdeliverstothesesystemstheequivalentofthewatervaporthatisblownoverlandandthenconsequentlyprecipitatedasrainorsnow—i.e.,some7percentofmeanannualprecipitationontheglobeand30percentofprecipitationonlandareas.

Thehistoricalrecordincludesmarkedshiftsintheappreciationofrivers,numerousconflictsinusedemand,andanintensificationofusethathasrapidlyacceleratedduringthe20thcentury.Externalfreighttradebecameconcentratedinestuarineportsratherthanininlandportswhenoceangoingvesselsincreasedinsize.

Demandonopen-channelwaterincreasesaspopulationandpercapitawateruseincreaseandasundergroundwatersuppliesfallshort.Irrigationuseconstitutesacomparativelylargepercentageofthetotalsupply.

Present-daydemandsonriversaspowersourcesrangefromthefloatingoftimber,throughtheuseofwaterforcooling,tohydroelectricgeneration.Logginginforestsreliesprimarilyonnotationduringtheseasonofmelt-waterhighflow.Largepowerplantsotherindustrialfacilitiesareoftenlocatedalong.rivers,whichsupplytheenormousquantitiesofwaterneededforcoolingpurposes.Manufacturersofpetrochemicals,steel,andwoolenclothalsomakelargedemands.Hydroelectricpowergenerationwasintroducedmorethan100yearsago,butthemajorityoftheexistinginstallationshavebeenbuiltsince1950.

Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasgivenrisetoavarietyofproblems.Extensivecommercialnavigationofrivershasresultedinmuchartificialimprovementofnaturalchannels,includingincreasingthedepthofthechannelstopermitpassageoflargervessels.Insomecases,thisloweringofthefiverbottomhascausedthewatertableofthesurroundingareatodrop,whichhasadverselyaffectedagriculture.Also,canalization,withitsextensivesystemoflocksandnavigationdams,ofte

A.aremultichanneledinflow

B.haveclearbanks

C.includebanklesschannels

D.existforonlyashorttimeinflow

5.

AccordingtoFreud'stheory,dreamscomefrom______.

6.

Naturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsisextractedby___________.

7.

Yourcaloricintakeforbuildingmassisdeterminedby______.

A.multiplyingyourbodyweightby24

B.multiplyingyourbodyweightby17

C.yourmetabolicrate,physicalactivitylevelandthermiceffectoffood

D.yoursleeppatterns,age,gender,bodymassandbodysize

8.

Whatunderwateractioncanleadtotheproductionofpollutionsimilartothatproducedbyfossilfuelpowerstations?

A.Massdyingofunderwatercreature.

B.Recyclingofunderwaterwasteproducts.

C.Decomposingfloodedvegetation.

D.Abstractingunderwateroil.

9.

InScotland,evenifyourspousedoesnotagreeonyourideaofdivorce,______maygrantyoutherighttodivorce.

10.

Marketsdonotnecessarilytotallyonthepriceofdemandedgoods.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Feverisa______toinfection,andnomajorproblemsgenerallycomefromfeveritself.

12.

IntheUnitedStates,mostoftheelectricityisgeneratedfrom

13.

Withaviewtoimprovinghybridperformance,youcanusecompositematerialstoreduceweight.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

ThestoryofJasonshowsthatalthoughgossipsareusuallyincredible,peopletendtobelieveinthe______.

15.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Stranglersaresocalledbecausethey______byblockingthesunlightandcompetingforthenutrients.

17.

Sugarlessfood,suchas______,playsaroleinthepreventionoftoothdecay.

18.

Alimitedliabilitycorporationprotectsinvestorsinthat______.

A.theyloseonlythefirstsumofmoneyputinthecorporation

B.theyonlydivideequallythecorporationdebts

C.theyneedn'tpaytaxtothegovernment

D.theycanputmoreinvestmentintothecorporation

19.AccordingtoMr.deWahl,whyisJoostignoringthetwobusinessmodels?

A.AllpeoplearenotfondofsimplywatchingTV.

B.TheyareirrelatedwithpleasuresderivedfromwatchingTV.

C.TheyarethesameasthepracticesthatTVhaslongbeenusing.

D.JoostwantsaninnovativebusinessmodeldifferentfromYouTube.

20.

Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(17)

A.Customerandsalesperson.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Bossandsecretary.

D.Guestandwaitress.

22.听力原文：W:Well,theexaminationisovernow.andwecangotothepicnic.

M:Goingtothepicnicistootiring,Whynotcometomyhometohaveaparty?

Q:Wherewillthemanoffertogo?

(13)

A.Tohishome.

B.Toherhome.

C.Togotothepicnic.

D.Togoshopping.

23.(36)

A.Becauseitwasmorenutritiousthanothertypeofbread.

B.Becauseitdidnotrequireyeast.

C.Becauseitstayedfreshforalongtime.

D.Becauseittooklesstimetobrake.

24.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Inthe18thcenturyFrencheconomistsprotestedtheexcessiveregulationofbusinessbythegovernment.Theirmottowaslaisserfaire.Laisserfairemeansletthepeopledoastheychoose.Intheeconomicsense,thismeantthatwhilethegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforthingslikemaintainingpeaceandprotectingpropertyrights,itshouldnotinterferewithprivatebusiness.Itshouldn'tcreateregulationsthatmighthinderbusinessgrowth,norshoulditberesponsibleforprovidingsubsidiestohelp.Inotherwords,governmentsshouldtakehandsoffapproachtobusiness.ForawhileintheUnitedStates,laisserfairewasapopulardoctrine.Butthingsquicklychanged.AftertheCivilWar,politiciansrarelyopposedthegovernment'sgeneroussupportofbusinessowners.TheWereonlytoogladtosupportgovernmentlandgrantsandloanstorailroadowners,forexample.TheirregulationskepttariffshighandthathelpedprotectAmericanindustrialistsagainstforeigncompetition.Ironicallyinthelate19thcentury,alotofpeoplebelievedthatthelaisserfairepolicywasresponsibleforthecountry'sindustrialgrowth.Itwasgenerallyassumedthatbecausebusinessownersdidnothavealotofexternalrestrictionsplacedonthembythegovernment,theycouldpursuetheirowninterests,andthiswaswhatmadethemsosuccessful.Butinfact,manyoftheseindividualswouldnothavebeenabletomeettheirobjectivesifnotforgovernmentsupport.

(27)

A.Competitioninbusiness.

B.Governmentgrants.

C.Atypeofeconomicpolicy.

D.Internationaltransportationpractices.

25.听力原文：W:Comealong,now.Openyourmouth.Ican'tgiveyoutheinjectionwithyourmouthclosed,canI?

M:Idon'twantaninjection.Ihateneedles.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?

(14)

A.Atthedentist's.

B.Atagrocery

C.Atalawyer's.

D.Atapsychiatrist's.

26.(46)

27.(39)

28.(31)

A.TheU.S.B.TheU.K.C.China.D.Japan.

29.听力原文：W:EricSchurenbergisthemanagingeditorofMoneyMagazineinthisAugustissue,inwhichthisquizaboutmoneypersonalitytypesappears.Whyisitsoimportanttocomeupwithyourmoneypersonalitytype?

M:Well,peoplearejustnotrationalabouttheirmoney.

W:Soaftertakingthisquiz,youshouldfindoutifyou'reaguardian,thatis,disciplineisthekeytosecurity.Isguardianthebesttypetobe?

M:Well,it'stheonethatmostAmericansare.Youhavealotofself-disciplineifyou'reaguardian.Financialsecuritymattersalottoyou.Ontheotherhand,youarelikelytobetooconservative.Sometimesyouhavetotakeriskstogetahead.

W:AndifyouranswersaremostlyCstoourshortpopquizthere,youareaguardian.Thenextpersonalitytypeisanidealist.Ithinkthat'sprobablywhatIam,becausemoneyjustisn'tthetoppriority.

M:That'sright.Youaremoreconcernedwithhelpingotherpeople,andthat'sagoodthingtooforlotsofreasons,anddoingfunstuffmattersalottoo.

W:So,ifyouranswersaremostlyBs,youareanidealist.What'snext?

M:Artisans.

W:SoifyouranswersaremostlyAs,youareanartisan.What'sanartisan?

M:Artisansarepeoplewhoarewillingtotakerisks.Theygooninstinctalot.

W:That'saprettygoodthing.

M:Ifyouarewillingtotakerisks,youmaybuyalotofstocks.Itworksoutforyouinthelongrun.Ontheotherhand,artisansarenotthetypetodoaseriesoflong-termfinancialplans.Sosometimestheyhavetoputthingsintoplacelikeautomaticsavingsplanssothattheycangetaregularfinancialplanninggoing.

(20)

A.Theyoftentakerisks.

B.They'retooconservative.

C.Theyhavenosenseofsecurity.

D.Theyhavenoself-discipline.

30.听力原文：W:Hello,thisisDoctorHillfromtheemergencydepartment.Ihavea52-year-oldpatientwithafracturedankle.

M:OK,sendhimtoward3.

Q:Whataretheytalkingaboutonthephone7

(18)

A.Theadmissionofapatient.

B.Diagnosisofanillness.

C.Theoldman'sseriouscondition.

D.Sendingforadoctor.

31.听力原文：W:IwishIdidn'thavetomakeaspecialtriptothepostofficetogetmypackage.

M:Well,ifyoucalltheminthemorning,they'llgivethepackagetoyourmailcarriertobringouttoyou.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(16)

A.Sheshouldphonethepostofficeforherrequestinthemorning.

B.Shecanhireamailcarriertohelpher.

C.Thepostofficedoesn'tofferthiskindofservice.

D.Thepostofficewillsendthepackagetoherinanycase.

32.(40)

33.听力原文：M:Ilovewatchingbasketballgamesathome.It'ssorelaxingtowatchthem.

W:IguessI'dfeelthesamewayifonlyIcouldunderstandtherules.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Shewantstolearnbasketball.

B.Shethinksplayingbasketballwillberelaxing.

C.Shedoesn'tunderstandthegamewell.

D.Shewantstowatchthegameagain.

34.

【B9】

35.

【B11】

36.(34)

A.Becausehewasoncebeatenblackandblue.

B.Becausebewasveryold.

C.Becausehewasknockedtotheground.

D.Becausehesufferedfromalongseriousdisease.

37.听力原文：W:NowI'vegotyourbackground.Let'stalkaboutthemanagementtraineescheme.Whatexactlydoyouthinkamanagerdoes?

M:Idon'tknowagreatdealaboutthework.

W:Buthaveyougotanyideasaboutit?Youmusthavethoughtaboutit.

M:Well,er,Isupposehehasalotof,er,whatiscalled,policymakingtodo.And,um,he'dhavetoknowhowtoworkwithpeopleandallaboutthecompany.

W:Um.

M:Yes,I,er,shouldthinkamanagermustknow,er,somethingaboutallaspectsofthework.

W:Yes,that'sright.Welikeourexecutivestafftoundergoathoroughtraining.Youngmenonourtraineeschemehavetoworkthrougheverybranchinthecompany.

M:Well,ifIhadtodoit,Isuppose.ButIwasthinkingthatmyFrenchandGermanwouldmeanthatIcouldspecializeinoverseaswork.I'dliketobesomesortofanexportsalesmanandtravelabroad.

W:Youknowthecharmoftravelingabroaddisappearswhenyou'vegottoworkhard.It'snotallfunandgame.

M:Oh,yes,Irealizethat.It'sjustthatmyknowledgeoflanguageswouldbeuseful.

W:Now,Mr.Smith,isthereanythingyouwanttoaskme?

M:Well,there'soneortwothings.I'dliketoknowifI'dhavetosignacontract,whatthesalaryisandwhattheprospectsare.

W:Withourscheme,Mr.Smith,thereisnocontractinvolved.Yourprogressiskeptunderconstantreview.Ifwe,atanytime,decidewedon'tlikeyou,thenthat'sthat!Wereservetherighttodismissyou.Ofcourse,youhavethesamechoiceaboutus.Asforsalary,you'dbeonourfixedscalestartingat870pounds.Forthesuccessfultrainee,theprospectsareverygood.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.HowdoesMr.Smithsoundwhenaskedwhatamanager'sroleis?

24.WhatdoesMr.Smithsayhewouldliketobe?

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanagementtraineescheme?

(20)

A.Confident.B.Hesitant.C.Determined.D.Doubtful.

38.(26)

A.Becauseitservesonlyafewspecialties.

B.Becauseit'stoocrowded.

C.Becauseit'stoocostly.

D.Becausetheserviceistooslow.

39.【B2】

40.听力原文：ThereisoneforeignproducttheJapanesearebuyingfasterthanothersanditspopularityhascausedanuneasyfeelingamongmanyJapanese.

Thatproductisforeignwords.Gairaigo—wordsthatcomefromoutside—havebeenpartoftheJapaneselanguageforcenturies.MostlyborrowedfromEnglishandChinese,thesetermsareoftenchangedintoformsnolongerunderstoodbynativespeakers.

Butinthelastfewyearsthetrickleofforeignwordshasbecomeaflood,andpeoplefeartheincreasinguseofforeignwordsismakingithardfortheJapanesetounderstandeachotherandcouldleadtomanypeopleforgettingthegoodqualitiesoftraditionalJapanese.

"ThepopularityofforeignwordsispartoftheJapaneseinterestinanythingnew,"saysuniversitylecturerandwriterTakashiSaito."Byusingaforeignwordyoucanmakeasubjectseemnew,whichmakesiteasierforthemediatopickup."

"ExpertsoftenstudyabroadanduseEnglishtermswhentheyspeakwithpeopleintheirownfields.Thosetermsarethenincludedingovernmentwhitepapers,"saidMuturoKai,presidentoftheNationalLanguageResearchInstitute."Foreignwordsfindtheirwayeasilyintoannouncementsmadetothegeneralpublic,whentheyshouldreallybeexplainedinJapanese."

Againsttheflowofnewwords,manyJapaneseareturningbacktothestudyoftheirownlanguage.Saito'sJapanesetoBeReadAloudisoneofthemanylanguagebooksthatarenowflyingoffbooksellers'shelves.

"Weareexpectingtosellthebookstoyoungpeople,"saidthewriter,"butitturnsouttheyaremorepopularwiththeoldergeneration,whoseemuneasyaboutthefutureoftheJapanese."

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.WhatadvantagesdoforeignwordshaveovertraditionalJapaneseterms?

27.WhatdoTakashiSaitosayaboutJapanesepeople?

28.Whichplaysanimportantpartinthespreadofforeignwords?

29.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookJapanesetoBeReadAloud?

(33)

A.Foreignwordsarebestsuitedforannouncements.

B.Theideasexpressedinforeignwordssoundnew.

C.Foreignwordsmakenewsubjectseasiertounderstand.

D.Theuseofforeignwordsmakesthemediamorepopular.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Thelossofhousingandstockmarketwealthaffected______most.

42.Theproblemthatthepopulationbecomesaging______.

A.isexceptionaltoGermany

B.hasbecomeuniversal

C.canberelievedinJapanwiththeshrinkageofitspopulationtoaround95m

D.makestheeconomicoutlookinthedevelopedcountriesevenmoregloomy

43.

Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasnotyetopeneditslabormarket?______.

A.BritainB.HollandC.PortugalD.Greece

44.Accordingtosomepeople,videogamesthriveinrecessionlargelybecauseinacheapform.gamesofferpeopleanescapeoutof______.

45.

AprimaryobjectiveinthedevelopmentofRestorationthoughtwas______.

A.tomodifytraditionalChinesesocietytoreflectnewconditions

B.tocreateanewsocietybasedontruth

C.theknowledgethatChineseconservatismissuperiortowesternconservatism

D.thedesiretofamiliarizationChinawithwesternmilitarytechnology

46.Itcanbeinferredthatwhenachildseehisfatherfeelfearatasnake,heprobably______.

A.regardshisfather'sreactionasfunny

B.feelsscaredbyhisfather'sunusualbehavior

C.learnthefearfromhisfather'sresponse

D.turnstohismotherforparentalprotection

47.

What'sthefunctionoftravelingaccordingtoParagraph1?

48.Asaharmlessrevenge,youmightcomefirstandgetaraiseby______.

A.pleasingyourboss

B.gettingupearlierthanyourcolleagues

C.destroyingyourcolleagues'cars

D.makingyourcolleaguescomelate

49.

Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethat______.

A.decisionsaboutthelocationsforpowerplantsshouldbelefttotheutilities

B.governmentleadersinthenineteenthcenturywereirresponsibleinnotsupervisingurbangrowthmoreclosely

C.naturalfeaturesofaregionarenolongerimportanttourbangrowth

D.modernsocietyiscomplex,sogovernmentsmusttakeresponsibilityfordecisionssuchaspowerplantsitting

50.

ThesearchersusedNOTtobelieve______.

A.otherstarsmayhavetheplanetsresemblingthosegoingaroundthesun

B.planetformsowingtothegasanddustinstarformation

C.theformationofstarissubsequenttothatofplanet

D.starisformedbythecollapsinginterstellarcloud

51.

【C10】

52.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdragtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendshavetwoadverseeffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproducebysuggestion--averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds,Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

Thefirstparagraphisintendedto______.

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.definewhatdiagnosismeansexactly

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

53.

Accordingtotheauthor,peopleofunderdevelopedculturescanhave______languages.

A.complicatedB.uncivilizedC.primitiveD.well-known

54.

【C7】______

55.

AllofthefollowingWeresuggestedasbeingusedbysleepresearchersEXCEPT______.

A.electrodesB.hypnosisC.chartsD.recorders

56.

Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

A.Mr.PotatoHead"gotmarried"whenhewasinhisforties

B.Mr.PotatoHeadwasfirstdesignedasatoythatcanbeeaten

C.thenon-toyfactoriesbegantomakeMr.PotatoHeadtoysatlasttoearnmoney

D.Mr.PotatoHeadwasnothingmorethanlovedbychildrennowadays

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly(垄)andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolorTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtohepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform.permanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasoforprint.Muchmodemtechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,intact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

Onlyunder______willthepatentperiodextendedwhenithasalreadyterminated.

58.Whenlookingforasubject,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantaspect?

A.Oneshouldchooseasubjectheknowsquitewell.

B.Oneshouldwriteaboutsomethingreadersdon'tknow.

C.Oneshouldlimithiswritingtoaspecificsubject.

D.Oneshouldchooseaninterestingsubject.

59.

Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.TheFSA'sstudyhasbeenprovedunscientific.

B.TheFSA'sstudyissupportedbythewell-educatedmiddleclasses.

C.TheFSA'sstudytellsalotaboutthebenefitoforganicfood.

D.TheFSA'sstudyhasbeendistortedbytheSoilAssociation.

60.Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官撩主义的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,welloiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,wellventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhitecollarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfind