2019年高考英语一轮复习专题04Makingthenews押题专练新人教版必修5

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!专题04Makingthenews第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。AOncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment，andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI'veeverhad：Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast，itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand，wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater，forcedbycourageorcircumstance，IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobite_off_more_than_you_are_sure__you_can_eat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy，skill，soundjudgment，creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly，thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine，Tim，wasanexcellentfootballplayer，eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline，”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)—andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely，therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife；boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So，alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou'llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.1．Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A．Hefacedhugerisks.B．Helackedmightyforces.C．Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.D．Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.2．Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?A．Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.B．Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C．Developmoremysteriouspowers.D．Learntomakecreativedecisions.3．WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?A．Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B．Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.C．Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D．Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.B．Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C．Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D．Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文，题材为人生哲理。作者通过朋友的建议告诉读者，要勇敢地去尝试自己没有把握的事情，即便是失败也比从未尝试过要好很多。答案：C2．解析：猜测词义题。根据本段下文内容可知，我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量，甚至包括体力，由此可推断出此处指“要做略微超出你的能力的事情。”答案：B3．解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Boldness...isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.”可知，勇敢无畏不能在一夜之间就被培养出来，D项意为“勇敢无畏可以逐渐得到”，符合该段段意。答案：D答案：ABItdidn'ttakelongforalotofpeoplewhoownedautomobilesinthelate1800stostarthiringthemout.Eventhoughthefirsttaxiswereodd­lookingmachinesthathadbatteriesweighingasmuchas800pounds,therewerealmost100oftheminNewYorkCityby1899.Theydidagreatdealofbusinesscompetingwithhorse­drawncarriages(马车),sincemanypeoplefoundthemnotonlyfaster,butalsoquieterandmuchcleaner.Thefirstgas­poweredcabsarrivedinNewYorkin1907,buttheywereimportedfromFranceandnotbuiltintheU．S.The1920ssawanexplosioninthetaxis，asthousandsofthemwereinuseeveryday.Thisburgeoningindustryneededregulation，andtheMayorofNewYork，FiorelloH．LaGuardia，signedtheHassActof1937.Theactforcedcabcompaniestoobtainlicensesandalsointroducedthemedallionsystem，whichisstillinusetoday.Thesearethesmallmetalplatesyou'llseeontopofthevehicle(车辆)thatcertifiesitislegallyallowedtopickuppassengers.Thesystemhelpedthegovernmentkeeptrackofnotjustthenumberoftaxis，butthequalityofthemaswell.Eventhoughtheyfacedseriouscompetitionfrombuses，subwaysandtrains，taxisinNewYorkremainedastaple(主要产品)formillionsofpeople.About12，000ofthemwereinserviceby1950.Whileyoumaythinkthatcabshavealwaysbeenyellow，itactuallywasn'tuntilthe1960sthattheywererequiredtobepaintedthaticoniccolor.Thereareabout40，000driversinNewYorkCityalone，andmillionsofothersthroughouttheU．S.andtherestoftheworld.Anestimated200millionpassengerstravelabout800millionmilesayear，andpayfarestotalingaboutD|S1billionayearinNewYorkalone.5．Theunderlinedword“burgeoning”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．competingfiercelyB．developingrapidlyC．recoveringquicklyD．disappearingtotally6．Themetalplatesweresetontopofthetaxiswhich________．A．werepaintedinyellowasrequiredB．providedqualifiedservicesforthepassengersC．wereallowedbythegovernmenttodobusinessD．couldn'tcauseanycaraccidentsalltheyearround7．What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．ToanalyzetheadvantagesofthetaxisB．ToadvertisethegoodservicesofthetaxisC．TointroducethehistoryoftaxisinNewYork.D．ToshowthedevelopmentofvehiclesintheU．S.语篇解读：在纽约，最原始的出租车诞生于19世纪初，经过几百年的发展，出租车已成为人们不可或缺的代步工具。5．解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，由于出租车行业发展迅速，所以需要纽约市通过立法来进行管理，故选B项。答案：B答案：C7．解析：写作目的题。全文主要介绍了出租车行业在纽约市诞生、发展和走向繁荣的历史。答案：C第二节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Manychildrengotobedlate.Ifyourchildseemsparticularlycomfortabletokeeplatehours，the____1____mayrundeeperthanyourhouseholdhabits.MaryCarskadonisthedirectoroftheChronobiologyandSleepResearchLaboratoryatBradleyHospitalinProvidence.Shehasstudiedthe____2____ofearly­rising“larks”and“nightowls”whogotosleep____3____amongteenagers.Dr.Carskadonsaysthatyoungerkids，too，tendtowardone____4____ortheother.Researchsuggeststhatourpreferencefor____5____orlatesleeppatternsmaybepartlyrootedinourgenes；besides,ourenvironmentandage____6____influencethem.Totellwhetheryourchildhasapreference，____7____yourself:Doesheorshesleepearly,nomatterwhat'sgoingon？Doesheorsheseemmore____8____andcheerfulatcertainhours?Admittedly，myown____9____，whoattendday­carecenterspart­time,havealreadyhadtheirshareofconflicts.They'vemissedafewearly­morningfieldtrips，andtheyaren'tespeciallytiredatnaptime.AfterTom____10____schoolfull­time,werealizewe'llhaveto____11____ourformerschedule.Itisbecausewewanttheboystogetenough____12____.Someexpertssaythesoonerchildrenmakethechange，the____13____itis.“Thelongerthispatterngoeson，themoredifficultyyou'llhave____14____it，”warnsRobertDoekel，M.D.,asleepspecialist.Butotherssuggestit'sallrightto____15____theadjustment，aslongasyoudoitgradually.____16____yourchildisusedtoturninginat10：00pm,don't____17____untilthenightbeforethefirstdayofschooltoaskthechildtosleepat8：00pm.Oncetheydostart____18____early，don'tletalltheattractionsanddistractions(分心的事物)ofmodern____19____lifekeepthemuplate.Turnoffthe____20____，pullupthecovers,andtucktheminfortheirten­plushoursofsleep.1．A.chancesB．influencesC．resultsD．reasons2．A.expectationsB．concernsC．habitsD．relations3．A.hardB．lateC．willinglyD．easily4．A.traditionB．wayC．strategyD．schedule5．A.strangeB．relaxingC．earlyD．regular6．A.alsoB．neverC．hardlyD．even7．A.comfortB．askC．confirmD．tell8．A.angryB．surprisedC．energeticD．disappointed9．A.teachersB．relativesC．parentsD．sons10．A.quitsB．startsC．leavesD．founds11．A.giveupB．makeupC．keepupD．setup12．A.tripsB．careC．sleepD．exercise13．A.cruellerB．funnierC．longerD．better14．A.findingB．changingC．creatingD．protecting15．A.requireB．putoffC．acceptD．payoff16．A.UnlessB．ThoughC．WhileD．If17．A.workB．attemptC．waitD．agree18．A.gettingupB．takingoffC．standingupD．runningaway19．A.careerB．familyC．companyD．school20．A.waterB．machinesC．gasD．lights语篇解读：小孩睡觉晚的习惯是可以慢慢调整过来的，父母需要在他们上学之前将这个习惯调整过来。1．解析：后面讲到睡觉晚受基因、环境以及年龄的影响，故这里是指“原因”。答案：D2．解析：MaryCarskadon在对小孩的睡眠进行研究，故她会研究他们的“(睡觉)习惯”。答案：C3．解析：nightowls是指睡觉“晚”的人。答案：B4．解析：这里是指他们有自己偏好的“作息表”，由下一句sleeppatterns和第三段的formerschedule也可推知。答案：D5．解析：这里需选一个跟late对立的词，故选C项。答案：C答案：A7．解析：后面列举了两个问题，故这里指“问”自己这些问题。答案：B8．解析：根据andcheerful可知需选C项，表示“充满精力”和高兴的时候。答案：C9．解析：根据下文中Wewanttheboys可知，这里是指作者的“儿子们”。答案：D10．解析：该段前半部分讲述孩子们上日托班的情况，后半部分则讲述其中一个孩子开始上学，故选“starts”。答案：B11．解析：作者的孩子上学后，跟之前上日托班会不同，故作者想“放弃”先前的作息安排。答案：A12．解析：作者想放弃之前的作息安排是为了能让孩子有充足的“睡眠”。答案：C13．解析：根据后文的解释可知，这里指越早改变“越好”。答案：D14．解析：前文讲越早改变越好，这里进一步从反面讲，越晚“改变”，面临的困难就越大。答案：B答案：B16．解析：这里表假设，故选if。答案：D17．解析：前面建议提早调整睡觉时间，故这里是指不要“等到”开学前最后一晚才要求改变睡觉时间。答案：C18．解析：这里是指他们开始早“起”。答案：A19．解析：孩子是在家里睡觉的，故这里指不要让现代化的“家庭”生活影响他们的睡眠。答案：B20．解析：睡觉前需要关“灯”，这样就不影响孩子的睡眠了。关掉water(水)、machines(机器)和gas(煤气)，不符合语境。故选lights。答案：D第三节语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。EveryFridaymeansatriptoaseniornursinghomedowntown.DuringeverysecondIspentinthenursinghome,Irealizedthe1.________(important)ofmyaction.Everyweek，Iwalkedaroundthedininghall，andonepersonafteranotherinvitedme2.________(have)atalk.Onewoman,whohappilysaidthatweshared3.________samefirstname,sharedsomeofherinterestingstorieswithme.Shetoldmesomething4.________inspiredmetovisitthenursinghome5.________(regular)．Shesaid，“You'retheonlypersonIamabletotellthisto.You'llcomebacknextweek，right？”Sheproudlyshowedmesomepostcards6.________(send)byherchildrenandshewouldtellmethestoriesofthem.Ofcourse，notalloftheconversationswere7.________(enjoy)．Whenshetalkedtomeabouthowher13­year­olddaughterwouldgraduatefrommiddleschoolthisyear，Ijustnodded8.________(do)nothing.BecauseIknewherdaughter9.________(graduate)frommiddleschooldecadesbefore.10．________Icouldnotaddmoreyearstothelivesoftheseelderlypeople，Icouldgivethemsomethingsimple.Imadethemknowthatinthisfast­pacedworld，theywererememberd.Andwe，youngpeople，stillcaredaboutthemandwerethereforthem.语篇解读：作者每周五的老人护理中心之行，让那些老人们感受到年轻人对他们的关怀。1．解析：考查名词。根据句意，我意识到我的行为的重要性。故用名词形式。答案：importance4．解析：考查定语从句。先行词是不定代词，并在定语从句中作主语，故用that引导。答案：that5．解析：考查副词。修饰动词visit，故要用副词形式。答案：regularly6．解析：考查非谓语动词。send与postcard之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。答案：sent7．解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语。答案：enjoyable8．解析：考查非谓语动词。I与do之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词作伴随状语。答案：doing9．解析：考查动词。根据句意，因为我知道她的女儿数十年前就从中学毕业了。graduate这个动作发生在know之前，故用过去完成时。答案：hadgraduated10．解析：考查连词。根据句意，尽管我不能增加这些老人的寿命，但是我可以给他们一些简单的东西。答案：Although第四节短文改错MybiggestproblemisthatI'mtoobusy.WhenIamyoung,Iusedtohavesomuchtime,andthesedaysIgetupearlyandstayinschoolallday.ThenIgorighttohomeandeatdinner.BeforeIstartedhighschool,Iusedtospendalotoftimeplaygameswi