




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
美国文学TheodoreDreiser的教案第1页/共35页4/23/20232IntroductionTheodoreHermanAlbertDreiser(August27,1871–December28,1945)wasanAmericannovelistandjournalistofthenaturalistschool.第2页/共35页4/23/2023TheoutstandingAmericanpractitionerofnaturalism.HewastheleadingfigureinanationalliterarymovementthatreplacedtheobservanceofVictoriannotionsofproprietywiththeunflinchingpresentationofreal-lifesubjectmatter.第3页/共35页BiographyDreiserwasborninTerreHaute,Indiana,toSarahandJohnPaulDreiser,astrictCatholicfamily.JohnPaulDreiserwasaGermanimmigrantfromMayenintheEifelregion,andSarahwasfromtheMennonitefarmingnearDayton,Ohio;shewasdisownedformarryingJohnandconvertingtoRomanCatholicism.Theodorewasthetwelfthofthirteenchildren(theninthofthetensurviving).ThepopularsongwriterPaulDresser(1857–1906)washisolderbrother.第4页/共35页From1889to1890,TheodoreattendedIndianaUniversitybeforedroppingout..Withinseveralyears,hewaswritingfortheChicagoGlobenewspaperandthentheSt.LouisGlobe-Democrat.HewroteseveralarticlesonwriterssuchasNathanielHawthorne,WilliamDeanHowells,JohnBurroughs,andinterviewedpublicfiguressuchasAndrewCarnegie,MarshallField,ThomasEdison,andTheodoreThomas.第5页/共35页
Afterproposingin1893,hemarriedSaraWhiteonDecember28,1898.Theyultimatelyseparatedin1909,partlyasaresultofDreiser'sinfatuationwithThelmaCudlipp,theteenagedaughterofaworkcolleague,butwereneverformallydivorced.
In1919DreisermethiscousinHelenRichardsonwithwhomhebegananaffairwithsado-masochisticelements.TheyeventuallymarriedonJune13,1944第6页/共35页LiterarycareerHisfirstnovel,SisterCarrie,publishedin1900,tellsthestoryofawomanwhofleeshercountrylifeforthecity(Chicago)andtherelivesalifefarfromaVictorianideal.Itsoldpoorlyandwasnotwidelypromotedlargelybecauseofmoralobjectionstothedepictionofacountrygirlwhopursuesherdreamsoffameandfortunethroughrelationshipstomen.Thebookhassinceacquiredaconsiderablereputation.Ithasbeencalledthe"greatestofallAmericanurbannovels."(Itwasmadeintoa1952filmbyWilliamWyler,whichstarredLaurenceOlivierandJenniferJones.)第7页/共35页Hewitnessedalynchingin1893andwrotetheshortstory,NiggerJeff,whichappearedinAinslee'sMagazinein1901.Hissecondnovel,JennieGerhardt,waspublishedin1911.HisfirstcommercialsuccesswasAnAmericanTragedy,publishedin1925,whichwasmadeintoafilmin1931andagainin1951(asAPlaceintheSun).第8页/共35页Thoughprimarilyknownasanovelist,Dreiserpublishedhisfirstcollectionofshortstories,FreeandOtherStoriesin1918.Thecollectioncontained11stories.Anotherstory,"MyBrotherPaul",wasabriefbiographyofhisolderbrother,PaulDresser,whowasafamoussongwriterinthe1890s.Thisstorywasthebasisforthe1942romanticmovie,"MyGalSal".OtherworksincludeTrilogyofDesire,whichwasbasedonthelifeoftheChicagostreetcartycoonCharlesTysonYerkesandcomposedofTheFinancier(1912),TheTitan(1914),andTheStoic.Thelastwaspublishedposthumouslyin1947.Dreiserwasoftenforcedtobattleagainstcensorshipbecauseofhisdepictionofsomeaspectsoflife,suchassexualpromiscuity,offendedauthoritiesandpopularopinion.第9页/共35页4/23/202310Novelssistercarrie,JennieGerhardt,TheFinancier,TheTitan,TheGenius,AnAmericanTragedy,TheBulwark,TheStoicShortstorycollectionsFreeandOtherSrories,TwelveMenChains,LesserNovelsandStories,AGalleyofWomenPlayPlaysoftheNaturalandSupernatural,TheHandoftheRotterCollectionsofpoemsMoodsAutoblographyATravelleratForty,AHoosierHoliday,ABookAboutMyself,Dawn,AnAmateurLaborerCollectionsofassaysHeyRub-a-Dub-Dub:AbookoftheMysteryandWonderandTerrorofLife,ThecolorofaGreatCity,DreiserLooksatRussia,TragicAmerica,AmericaIsWorthSaving,NotesonLifeWorksbyTheodorDreiser第10页/共35页PoliticalcommitmentPolitically,Dreiserwasinvolvedinseveralcampaignsagainstsocialinjustice.ThisincludedthelynchingofFrankLittle,oneoftheleadersoftheIndustrialWorkersoftheWorld,theSaccoandVanzetticase,thedeportationofEmmaGoldman,andtheconvictionofthetradeunionleaderTomMooney.InNovember1931,DreiserledtheNationalCommitteefortheDefenseofPoliticalPrisoners(NCDPP)tothecoalfieldsofsoutheasternKentucky,wheretheytooktestimonyfromcoalminersinPinevilleandHarlanontheviolenceagainsttheminersandtheirunionsbythecoaloperators第11页/共35页Dreiserwasacommittedsocialist,andwroteseveralnon-fictionbooksonpoliticalissues.TheseincludedDreiserLooksatRussia(1928),theresultofhis1927triptotheSovietUnion,andtwobookspresentingacriticalperspectiveoncapitalistAmerica,TragicAmerica(1931)andAmericaIsWorthSaving(1941).第12页/共35页HisvisionofcapitalismandafutureworldorderwithastrongAmericanmilitarydictatecombinedwiththeharshcriticismofthelattermadehimunpopularwithintheofficialcircles.Althoughlesspoliticallyradicalfriends,suchasH.L.Mencken,spokeofDreiser'srelationshipwithcommunismasan"unimportantdetailinhislife,"Dreiser'sbiographerJeromeLovingnotesthathispoliticalactivitiessincetheearly1930shad"clearlybeeninconcertwithostensiblecommunistaimswithregardtotheworkingclass."第13页/共35页AssessmentDreiserhadanenormousinfluenceonthegenerationthatfollowedhis.Inhistribute"Dreiser"fromHorsesandMen(1923),SherwoodAndersonwrites:p.14
Heavy,heavy,thefeetofTheodore.Howeasytopicksomeofhisbookstopieces,tolaughathimforsomuchofhisheavyprose...hefellowsoftheink-pots,theprosewritersinAmericawhofollowDreiser,willhavemuchtodothathehasneverdone.Theirroadislongbut,becauseofhim,thosewhofollowwillneverhavetofacetheroadthroughthewildernessofPuritandenial,theroadthatDreiserfacedalone.第14页/共35页●OneofDreiser'sstrongestchampionsduringhislifetime,H.L.Mencken,declared"thatheisagreatartist,andthatnootherAmericanofhisgenerationleftsowideandhandsomeamarkuponthenationalletters.Americanwriting,beforeandafterhistime,differedalmostasmuchasbiologybeforeandafterDarwin.Hewasamanoflargeoriginality,ofprofoundfeeling,andofunshakablecourage.Allofuswhowritearebetteroffbecausehelived,worked,andhoped."
●Renownedmid-centuryliterarycriticIrvingHowespokeofDreiseras"amongtheAmericangiants,oneoftheveryfewAmericangiantswehavehad."●In2008,theLibraryofAmericaselectedDreiser’sarticle“DreiserSeesErrorinEdwardsDefense”forinclusioninitstwo-centuryretrospectiveofAmericanTrueCrime.第15页/共35页第16页/共35页第17页/共35页Style1.Language:veryawkward,crude/ontheborderingoflineofgrammar2.Seriousintone:neversatiricalorcomic3.NaturalnarrativemethodfreefromarticleHisnarrativeisbasedonquantitiesofmaterialsanddetaileddescriptions第18页/共35页Areflectionofthedissatisfaction,envyanddespairthatafflictedmanypoorandworkingpeopleinAmerican’scompetitive,success-drivensociety.Dreiser'sgreatthemewasthetremendoustensionsthatcanariseamongambition,desire,andsocialmoralAmongotherthemes,hisnovelsexplorethenewsocialproblemsthathadariseninarapidlyindustrializingAmerica.Theme
第19页/共35页NaturalismDefinitionThetermnaturalismdescribesatypeofliteraturethatattemptstoapplyscientificprinciplesofobjectivityanddetachmenttoitsstudyofhumanbeings.Naturalismimpliesaphilosophicalposition:fornaturalisticwriters,sincehumanbeingsare,inEmileZola'sphrase,"humanbeasts,"characterscanbestudiedthroughtheirrelationshipstotheirsurroundings.Zola's1880descriptionofthismethodinLeromanexperimental(TheExperimentalNovel,1880)followsClaudeBernard'smedicalmodelandthehistorianHippolyteTaine'sobservationthat"virtueandviceareproductslikevitriolandsugar"--thatis,thathumanbeingsas"products"shouldbestudiedimpartially,withoutmoralizingabouttheirnatures.
第20页/共35页NaturalismCharacteristicsA.Characters.
Frequentlybutnotinvariablyill-educatedorlower-classcharacterswhoselivesaregovernedbytheforcesofheredity,instinct,andpassion.Theirattemptsatexercisingfreewillorchoicearehamstrungbyforcesbeyondtheircontrol;socialDarwinismandothertheorieshelptoexplaintheirfatestothereader.
B.Setting.
Frequentlyanurbansetting.C.Techniquesandplots.
Walcuttsaysthatthenaturalisticnoveloffers"clinical,panoramic,slice-of-life"dramathatisoftena"chronicleofdespair"第21页/共35页NaturalismThemes1.Walcuttidentifiessurvival,determinism,violence,andtabooaskeythemes.
2.The"brutewithin"eachindividual,composedofstrongandoftenwarringemotions:passions,suchaslust,greed,orthedesirefordominanceorpleasure;andthefightforsurvivalinanamoral,indifferentuniverse.Theconflictinnaturalisticnovelsisoften"managainstnature"or"managainsthimself"ascharactersstruggletoretaina"veneerofcivilization"despiteexternalpressuresthatthreatentoreleasethe"brutewithin."3.Theforcesofheredityandenvironmentastheyaffect--andafflict--individuallives.第22页/共35页NaturalismThemes4.Natureasanindifferentforceactingonthelivesofhumanbeings.5.Anindifferent,deterministicuniverse.Naturalistictextsoftendescribethefutileattemptsofhumanbeingstoexercisefreewill,oftenironicallypresented,inthisuniversethatrevealsfreewillasanillusion.第23页/共35页PLOTDissatisfiedwithlifeinherruralWisconsinhome,18-year-oldCaroline"SisterCarrie"MeebertakesthetraintoChicago,whereheroldersisterMinnie,andherhusbandSvenHanson,haveagreedtotakeherin.Carrietakesajobrunningamachineinashoefactory.Oneday,afteranillnessthatcostsherjob,sheencountersDrouetonastreet.Hepersuadeshertoleavehersisterandmoveinwithhim.
第24页/共35页Drouetinstallsherinamuchlargerapartment,andtheirrelationshipintensifiesasMinniedreamsabouthersister'sfallfrominnocence.BythetimeDrouetintroducesCarrietoGeorgeHurstwood,themanagerofFitzgeraldandMoy's.Hurstwood,becomesinfatuatedwithCarrie’syouthandbeauty,theystartanaffair,communicatingandmeetingsecretlyintheexpanding,anonymouscity.PLOTDrouetdiscovershehasbeencuckolded,CarrielearnsthatHurstwoodismarried,andHurstwood’swife,Julia,learnsfromanacquaintancethatHurstwoodhasbeenoutdrivingwithanotherwoman第25页/共35页anddeliberatelyexcludedherfromtheElkstheatrenight.HurstwoodmollifiesCarriebyagreeingtomarryher,andthecouplemovetoNewYorkCity.InNewYork,HurstwoodandCarrierentaflatwheretheyliveasGeorgeandCarrieWheeler.Hurstwoodbuysaminorityinterestinasaloon,atfirst,isabletoprovideCarriewithasatisfactory.Afteronlyafewyears,thesaloon’slandlordsellsthepropertyandHurstwood’sbusinesspartnerexpresseshisintenttoterminatethe
partnership.PLOT第26页/共35页PLOTCarrieturnstoNewYork’stheatresforemploymentandbecomesachorusgirl.HurstwoodultimatelyjoinsthehomelessofNewYork,takingoddjobs,fallingillwithpneumonia,andfinallybecomingabeggar.第27页/共35页CharactersCarolineMeeber:a.k.a.Carrie,ayoungwomanfromruralWisconsin;theprotagonist.MinnieHansonCarrie'sdoureldersisterwholivesinChicagoandputsheruponarrival.第28页/共35页
SvenHansonMinnie'shusband,ofSwedishextractionandtaciturntemperament.CharlesH.DrouetabuoyanttravelingsalesmanCarriemeetsonthetraintoChicago.GeorgeW.Hurstwoodawell-to-do,sophisticatedmanwhomanagesHannahandHogg'sresort.Characters第29页/共35页Themes
AmericanDreamEachofDreiser’scharactersinSisterCarriesearchfortheirown“AmericanDreams”-theonesofferedbyagrowingandprosperousdemocraticcountry.Carrie,apoorcountrygirl,arrivesinChicago,filledwiththeexpectationsofacquiringthefinerthingsinlife.
ChangeandTransformationCarrieandHurstwoodundergodramaticchangesfromthebeginningofthenoveltotheend.Thoughgradual,theirtransformationscreateimmediaterepercussionsalongtheway.第30页/共35页Themes
ChoicesandConsequencesHurstwoodmakesone
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025年毛发化学品:洗发精项目合作计划书
- 心理测评技术在学生个体差异评估中的应用
- 教学创新从设计思维出发的教育探索
- 2025年稀有金属及稀土金属材料项目合作计划书
- 商业视角下的教育机器人伦理与隐私的平衡
- 推动在线教育的办公模式革新
- 教育政策下提高基础教育质量的研究策略
- 企业中如何利用游戏化思维提高效率
- 教育机器人的商业化应用前景探讨
- 教育行业线上线下融合的商业策略与体验优化
- 血管活性药物安全输注
- 垫片基础知识培训课件
- 2024连续性肾替代治疗下抗菌药物剂量调整专家共识解析
- 三字经全文带拼音解释
- 设备更换申请书
- 2025年2月考勤表(含2025年日历表)
- 公共设施设备日常巡查记录表
- 税务局个人所得税业务培训
- 住院医师规范化培训入院教育指南(2021年版)
- 新初一数学小班衔接讲义书
- 钻机的基础知识介绍
评论
0/150
提交评论