世行东亚太平洋地区现有及将来拟进行的水电业务

现有及将来拟进行的水电业务

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RegionalContext地区背景OverviewofWorldBank’scontributiontohydropowerdevelopmentanditsinstitutional/social/environmentalimpacts世行开展的水电业务及其对机构、社会和环境的影响WorldBank’sEnergyAssistanceStrategyinEAP世行在东亚太平洋地区的能源援助战略–Howandwhatwecandotohelpsustainabledevelopmentofhydropower世行在水电可持续发展领域如何提供帮助？提供什么帮助？Themountainisstillyoung群山尚年轻Theregionisvibrantinbotheconomicgrowthandurbanization亚洲地区经济增长势头强劲，城市化发展速度迅猛RegionalContext地区背景RegionalContext地区背景The1997crisisdidnotdullpowerdemand1997年金融危机没有影响电力需求05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0001990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002EAPElectricityConsumption.TWh东亚太平洋地区电力消费TW/H

...oilimportshavegrownat6%ayearsince199005101520251990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002MillionsofbarrelsadayEAPOilConsumptionEAPOilProductionIMPORTS...oilimportshavegrownat6%ayearsince1990自90年以来，石油进口年增长6％05101520251990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002Millionsofbarrelsaday百万桶/天EAPOilConsumption东亚太平洋地区石油消耗EAPOilProduction石油生产IMPORTS进口EnergydemandisexpectedtogrowfastestinEastAsia(IEA2002)东亚能源需求将增长最快02,0004,0006,0008,00010,000200020102020MtoeUS&Canada美加EU15欧盟15国DevelopingEastAsia东亚发展中国家LatinAmerica拉美SouthAsia南亚RegionalContext地区背景CoaluseishighinEastAsia东亚用煤量大05001000NorthAmerica北美LatinAmerica&Caribbean拉美和加勒逼Europe&CentralAsia欧洲和中亚Africa非洲EastAsia东亚Aus-NZ新、澳SouthAsia南亚Mtoe,2002RegionalContext地区背景HighfossilfuelconsumptionisleadingtoincreasingGreenhouseGasemissions化石燃料高消耗导致温室气体排放增加012345671990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002BillionsoftonsofCO2fromfossilfuelconsumption化石燃料消耗产生数十亿的二氧化碳China中国Indonesia,Vietnam&Philippines印尼、越南和菲律宾S.Korea,Thailand南韩、泰国,Malaysia马来西亚USA美国Multilateralre-engaginginviablewaterresourceinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghydropower,buttakingintoaccountsocial&environmentalconsiderations.多边机构重新进行可行的水资源基础设施项目，包括水电，但同时更加重视社会和环境影响RegionalContext地区背景WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行的贡献和影响8722

NumberofActiveHydropowerProjects-byProductLine现有的水电项目数WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行的贡献和影响WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行贡献和影响Introducedprojectappraisalmethodwhichallowsincorporationofenvironmentalexternalitieswhencomparingdevelopmentalternatives;引进了项目评估法，在对不同开发方案进行比较时，将环境因素纳入其中Introducedmodernprojectmanagementpractice(competitivebidding,relationshipbetweenowner/contractor/supervisionbodies);引入了现代项目管理方法（竞争性招标，理顺业主/合同方和监理方的关系）DevelopedjointlywithChinesecounterpartadisciplinedapproachtohydropowerdevelopmentwithadequateattentiontosocialandenvironmentalsustainabilityincludingapovertyalleviationdimensionwhereverneeded;与中方共同发展了有效的水电开发方式，充分考虑社会和环境可持续性，同时还包括扶贫Usedresettlementasdevelopmentopportunities–Shuikou(FujianChina)example.开发式移民,如福建省水口项目WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行贡献和影响

WB’sEnergyAssistanceStrategyinEAP

世行东亚太平洋地区能源援助战略

Supporteconomicgrowthbyhelpingclientsmeetenergydemandinasustainablemanner帮助客户国,以可持续方式,满足能源需求，支持经济增长Improveenergysector’sabilityto

mobilizeinvestment

through

deepeningofreformandpublic-privatepartnerships深化改革和公共及私营部门合作，提高能源行业融资的能力

Promoterenewableenergyandenergyefficiency促进可再生能源发展,提高能源效率

Scaleupinvestmentstoincrease

accesstomodernenergyservices扩大投资规模，提高现代能源服务准入

Promoteregionaltrade

ofenergy促进地区能源贸易WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行东亚太平洋地区在水电领域的活动CurrentPipelineandPossibleFutureHydropowerProjects--someexamples目前滚动计划内项目和将来可能进行的水电项目NamTheun2–projectpreparationatadvancedstageNamTheun二期项目准备阶段即将完毕ChinaRenewableEnergyScale-upProject(includessmallhydrorehabilitationinZhejiang)–projectpreparationatadvancedstage中国可再生能源规模扩大化项目（包括浙江小水电改造）准备阶段即将完毕GreaterMekongSub-region(GMS)hydropowerdevelopment大湄公河流域水电开发Vietnamhydropowerdevelopmentprogram越南水电开发项目Timor-LesteIraLalaroproject东帝汶IraLalaro项目Whatcanwedotohelp?我们能做什么？Jointeffortswithgovernments/clientsforenvironmentalandsocialsafeguards–canwerelymoreoncountrysystems?与政府/客户国携手共抓环保和社会事宜－可否更多地依靠本国的系统体制？Financialassistanceinprojectpipelinepreparation–pre-feasibilitystudy;对项目准备的财务援助－预可研LeveragingprivatefinancingthroughIBRD/IDAinvestments,provisionofcreditenhancementsupportsuchasguarantees(MIGA,PRG,PCG),inadditiontopolicydialogue;除政策对话外，通过IBRD/IDA投资，提供信贷支持，如担保（MIGA，PRG，PCG）吸引更多的私营投资WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行东亚太平洋地区在水电领域的活动Whatcanwedotohelp?我们能做什么？Channelinggrants(GEF,Carbonfinancing,othertrustfunds)toimprovecommercialviability;争取赠款（全球环境基金，碳基金及其他赠款）提高商业效益Leveragingregionalenergyresourcesthroughenergytrade–StrategicframeworkforGMSgridinterconnectionandpowertrade.通过能源贸易，如大湄公河电网联网和电力交易战略框架，增加地区能源资源WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行东亚太平洋地区在水电领域的活动WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行东亚太平洋地区在水电领域的活动CarbonFinancing碳资助Hydropowergeneratesemissionsreductionbydisplacingfossilfuelgeneration水电代替化石燃料发电，减少排放Emissionreductionsarecalculatedrelativetoabaseline(“withoutproject”case)andsubjecttovalidationbyanindependentvalidator减排计算相对于基线而言，需要得到独立验证机构的验证WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行东亚太平洋地区在水电领域的活动CarbonFinancing碳资助Priceofcarbonemissionreductioncreditsdependson:碳减排得