机械工程专业英语

MechanicalEngineeringEnglish

Lesson2

Manufacturing

机械工程专业英语第一页，共四十四页。Introduction

ConversationsReadingExercises第二页，共四十四页。MethodTeachingDiscussionSelf-studyingQuestion第三页，共四十四页。BackgroundSituationManufacturing

Initsearliestform,manufacturingwasusuallycarriedoutbyasingleskilledartisanwithassistants.Trainingwasbyapprenticeship.Inmuchofthepre-industrialworldtheguildsystemprotectedtheprivilegesandtradesecretsofurbanartisans.BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,mostmanufacturingoccurredinruralareas,wherehousehold-basedmanufacturingservedasasupplementalsubsistencestrategytoagriculture(andcontinuestodosoinplaces).Entrepreneursorganizedanumberofmanufacturinghouseholdsintoasingleenterprisethroughtheputting-outsystem.第四页，共四十四页。

Tollmanufacturingisanarrangementwherebyafirstfirmwithspecializedequipmentprocessesrawmaterialsorsemi-finishedgoodsforasecondfirm.第五页，共四十四页。Background

Modernmanufacturingincludesallintermediateprocessesrequiredfortheproductionandintegrationofaproduct'scomponents.Someindustries,suchassemiconductorandsteelmanufacturersusethetermfabricationinstead.第六页，共四十四页。Background

Accordingtosomeeconomists,manufacturingisawealth-producingsectorofaneconomy,whereasaservicesectortendstobewealth-consuming.EmergingtechnologieshaveprovidedsomenewgrowthinadvancedmanufacturingemploymentopportunitiesintheManufacturingBeltintheUnitedStates.Manufacturingprovidesimportantmaterialsupportfornationalinfrastructureandfornationaldefense.第七页，共四十四页。Dialogue1

Mr.King:Doyouhaveanyhobbiesotherthanstudy?Lily:Oh,Ilikeplayingrugby.Wehaveagreatmen’srugbyteamwhichwonthechampionshipinthe6thNationalCollegeStudents’SportsGame.Mr.King:Doyouhaveaplanforyourownfuture?Lily:Ireallycannotdescribemyownfuturebecausetherearealotofuncertaintiesinthewayofmygrowingup.WhatIshoulddoistomakegooduseofthepresentandmakeeverydaycount.Mr.King:CanyousaysomethingaboutsomeofthefamouslandscapesinShenyang?译文第八页，共四十四页。

Lily:Shenyangisthecenterconcernedwitheconomy,culture,transportation,commerceandtradeofNortheastArea.ItistheimportantplaceofheavymachineinChinaandreputedcityofhistoryandculture.Shenyangisthefirstcitytobetheexcellentoneamongsomanyexcellenttradingcities.Nowtherearethousandsofculturalrelicsundergroundandabovetheground.Therearemanynaturallandscapesandman-madelandscapes.ThewholeworldisfocusingontheEXPOinShenyang.NorthMausoleum，itusedtobethemausoleumofHuangTaiji,EastMausoleum,theotherMausoleumforNu'erHachiandShenYang'sImperialPalacehavebeendeclaredasaworldculturalheritage.第九页，共四十四页。Mr.King:Howisthefoodservedinyourcollegedinningrooms？Lily:TheyofferusawidechoiceoffoodstylesfromSichuanFoodtoGuangdongFood.Drinksandsnacksarealsoservedthere.第十页，共四十四页。DialogueTwo

Mr.King:Whatdoyouthinkoftheinternet?Lily:Theinternetbringsustheageofinformation.Internetisalteringthestyleofourlife.Onlineeducation,onlinecommunicationandonlinebusinessareavailableonthenet.Butitisalsocausingsomenegativeeffectswhileweareenjoyingtheconveniences.Mr.King:Howistheclimatehere?Lily:Shenyanghasdistinctfourseasons,concentratedrainfallsandsufficientsunshine.第十一页，共四十四页。Mr.King:Canyousaysomethingaboutyourclassmatesorfriends?Lily:Zhangxueisahard-workingstudent.Sheisoneofthetopstudentsinourclass.She’stheteacher’sfavorite.Weareclosefriends.Noexamhaseverbotheredher.第十二页，共四十四页。Newwords&expressionsrugby['rʌgbi]

n.橄榄球relics['relik]n.遗物，遗迹，遗产，遗体commerce['kɔmə(:)s]

n.商业,贸易mausoleum[.mɔ:sə'liəm]

n.陵墓heritage['heritidʒ]

n.遗产,继承物reputed[ri'pju:tid]

a.名誉好的,被称为...的,有...名气的alter['ɔ:ltə]

v.改变distinct[dis'tiŋkt]

a.(from)独特的,不同的,明显的,清楚的第十三页，共四十四页。produce[prə'dju:s]

n.产品,农产品;v.产生,生产,提出distribute[dis'tribju(:)t]

v.分配,散布capital['kæpitəl]

n.首都,首府,大写字母,资产;a.首都的,重要的organize['ɔ:gənaiz]

vi.组织起来;vt.组织route[ru:t]

n.航线,路线;vt.按路线发送schedule['skedʒjul]n.时间表,一览表,计划;v.安排,计划,预定,编制目录dispatch[dis'pætʃ]

v.派遣;[计算机]分派layout['lei.aut]

n.布局,安排,设计defective[di'fektiv]

a.有缺陷的,欠缺;n.有缺陷的人第十四页，共四十四页。TextModernManufacturingEngineering

WhatIsManufacturing

Maybeyou’veneverthoughtaboutitbefore,butitisallaroundyou.Itaffectseverypartofyourlife.Whatisit?Inthiscase,“it”ismanufacturing.Actually“manufacturing”isnotallaroundyou.Butmanufacturedproductsare.Lookaroundyourightnow.Namesomethingsyouseethatweremanufactured.Chairs,notebooks,bluejeans,books,floortile,chalkboards,lightbulbs,pencils,eyeglasses—nearlyeverythingaroundyouwasmanufactured.译文第十五页，共四十四页。Themanufacturingindustryisimportanttooursociety.It’sessentialtooureconomy.Aneconomyisasystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservices.Manypeopleworkinmanufacturing.Theyhelpproduceproducts.Andtheybuyproductswiththemoneytheyearn.Themoreproductspeoplebuy,themoreproductsaremanufactured.Andthisallowsmorepeopletowork.Manufacturingisalsoimportanttotheeconomyinanotherway.Apieceofmaterialisworthmoreafterit’sbeenchangedintoausefulproduct.That’saddedvalue.Valueisincreasedbythemanufacturingprocess.译文第十六页，共四十四页。ModernManufacturingAmanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresources,Humanresources,Capitalresources.

Theelementsofindustryaresevenkeystepsfororganizingproduction:ResearchandDevelopment,ProductionTooling,ProductionPlanningandControl,QualityControl,PersonnelManagement,Manufacturing;Marketing.

R&Distheplanningofnewproducts,processes,ormaterialsandtheimprovementofoldskill.R&Dissuchalarge,importantpartoftheindustrialworldandrequiresmanypeoplewithdifferenttalents.

译文第十七页，共四十四页。ProductionToolingistheelementofindustryconcernedwiththesetools.ThePTobtainsthetools,machines,andequipmentneededtomakeaproduct.ThemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.Themachineryandequipmentmustbearrangedsothatproductioncantakeplacesmoothly,withoutwastedtimeandeffort.

译文第十八页，共四十四页。QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticles.Inthiswaymanagementtriestoinsurethataproductwillbeacceptabletothebuyer.

Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfrom、thosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandithelpstodelivertherightkindsofgoodstous,intherightformandamount,atthetimeandprice.

译文第十九页，共四十四页。ExercisesI

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatdoesR&Dstandfor?

Itstandsforresearchanddevelopment

第二十页，共四十四页。2.Whattypesofresourcesdoesamanufacturingindustryneed?3.WhatarethemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControl?Amanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresources,Humanresources,Capitalresources.ThemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.第二十一页，共四十四页。4.Whatisthedefinitionof“marketing”?5.Isabookprintedinabookshoporinaprintinghouse?Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfromthosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandithelpstodelivertherightkindsofgoodstous,intherightformandamount,atthetimeandprice.Inaprintinghouse.第二十二页，共四十四页。

IIAfterreadingthetext,pleasedecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.Everythingaroundusismanufacturedproducts.

2.Nomatterhowsmallorsimpleathingmaybe,itcanbeamanufacturedproduct.3.Themanufacturingindustryisapartofoureconomy,withoutwhichourlifewouldbeveryhard.(F)(T)(T)第二十三页，共四十四页。4.Byeconomyweactuallymeanthesystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservicesconcerned.5.QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticles.(T)(T)第二十四页，共四十四页。IIIReadthetwopassagesandthentrytoputthemintoChinese.Passage1

Nomarketsanywhere(forprofitableproducts,atleast)aredomesticanymore,andnoproducerneedbeadomesticproduceronly.Theadditionofhighcapacityinformationandcommunicationsystemstoexistingglobaltransportationsystemsopenseverymarkettoanyproducerforwhomtheeconomicsisattractive.Furthermore,itisincreasinglyeasytointegratedesign,production,marketing,anddistributionresourcesdistributedaroundtheworldintoacoherent“virtual”productionfacility

译文第二十五页，共四十四页。Asaresult,everycompanyhasthepotentialforlinkingsomeportionofitscapabilitieswithcomplementarycapabilitiesofothercompaniesregardlessoftheirlocation.第二十六页，共四十四页。Passage2

Thedevelopmentofnortheastindustrialbaseistheimportanttaskandstrategicpolicyproposedbycentralgovernment,andmeanwhileitisatremendouslysystematicproject.Asthecentralcityofnortheastdistrict,ShenyangcitycouncilandcitygovernmentbringsforwardaseriesofplansinthetopicofDevelopNortheast,StartwithShenyang.Thisarticlesystematicallyexplainstheoverallgoalsachievement,theconditionsandopportunitiestodeveloptheoldindustryinShenyang,aswellaselaborateshowtoimprovethecoreprofessionalabilityofcollegestudents,inordertoaccomplishthehistoricaltaskstoacceleratetheeconomicdevelopmentofShenyang.译文第二十七页，共四十四页。IVFillintheblankswiththeproperwordsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.Aflexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS)isamanufacturingsysteminwhichthereissomeamountof1thatallowsthesystemtoreactinthe2ofchanges,whetherpredictedor3.Thisflexibilityisgenerallyconsideredtofall4twocategories,ducecaseconsistunpredictedasflexibilitymanagefindintolike答案flexibility

case

unpredicted

into

第二十八页，共四十四页。

Thefirstcategory,machineflexibility,coversthesystem'sabilitytobechangedto5newproducttypes,andabilitytochangetheorderofoperationsexecutedonapart.Thesecondcategoryiscalledroutingflexibility,which6oftheabilitytousemultiplemachinestoperformthesameoperationonapart,aswell7thesystem'sabilitytoabsorblarge-scalechanges,suchasinvolume,capacity,orcapability.ThemainadvantagesofanFMSisitshighflexibilityin8manufacturingresources9timeandeffortinordertomanufactureanewproduct.ThebestapplicationofanFMS10intheproductionofsmallsetsofproductslikethosefromamassproduction.答案produce

consists

asmanaging

like

isfound

第二十九页，共四十四页。

Theend

Thankyou!第三十页，共四十四页。Translation对话1问：除了学习，你有什么其他爱好吗？答：我喜欢打橄榄球，我们学校有着一支非常棒的男子橄榄球队，他们赢得了第六届大学生运动会的冠军。问：你未来有什么打算呢？答：因为在成长过程中有许多不确定性，所以我无法具体描述我未来的情况，但是我应该把握现在，做好手中的每一件事情。问：能向我介绍下沈阳的名胜吗？Back第三十一页，共四十四页。Translation答：沈阳是东北地区的经济、文化、交通和商贸中心，中国的工业重镇和历史文化名城。沈阳是首批中国优秀旅游城市,现有地上、地下文物古迹数千余处,有众多自然景观和人文景观，全球关注2006沈阳世界园艺博览会。沈阳的“一宫两陵”已经申报为世界文化遗产。问：你们学校的食堂怎样呢？答：食堂每日供应许多样式的食品，从四川菜到广东菜不等，还有饮料和零食。

Back第三十二页，共四十四页。Translation对话2问：可以告诉我你关于网络的看法吗？答：因特网带领我们步入信息时代，而且正在改变着我们的生活方式。网络教育、网络聊天以及电子商务都可以通过网络进行。当然在我们享受网络带来便捷的同时，它也带来一些负面的东西。问：沈阳的气候怎么样？答：沈阳市四季分明、降水集中、日照充足。Back第三十三页，共四十四页。Translation

问：能向我谈谈你的同学或朋友吗？

答：张雪是一个刻苦学习/聪明的学生。她是我们班学习成绩优秀的学生之一。她是老师的得意门生。我们是很好的朋友，什么考试对她来说都没什么。Back第三十四页，共四十四页。Translation什么是制造这个问题，你以前也许从未思考过，但是制造就在我们周围，而且它影响着我们生活的方方面面。那么，到底什么是制造呢？在这里“它”说的是制造。说句实在话，在我们的周围所看到的并非“制造”，而是制造出来的产品。请你现在就环顾一下你的周围，说出你所看到的一些制品，如椅子、笔记本、蓝色牛仔裤、黑板、书本、地板砖、灯泡、铅笔、眼镜—在我们的周围，几乎每一样东西都是制造出来的产品。Back第三十五页，共四十四页。Translation制造业对于我们的社会非常重要，在经济中起着重要作用。经济是一个包括产品生产，销售和服务的运转体系。许多人从事制造业的工作，他们生产产品，同时也用他们赚来的钱购买制造出来的产品。人们买的产品越多，制造的产品也就越多，从事制造业工作的人也就越多。制造对经济从另一方面讲也非常重要。原材料一旦制造成有用的产品，它将值更多的钱，这就叫附加值。于是，制造过程就为产品增加了附加价值。Back第三十六页，共四十四页。现代制造技术

制造工业需要三种基本类型的资源：物料资源，人力资源，和资本。

在组织工业生产中有七种主要步骤：研究与发展,生产工艺,生产计划与控制，质量控制，人事管理，制造技术和市场营销。研究发展就是对新产品、新材料、新加工方法，以及旧技术提高进行计划和开发。研究发展是工业化世界中一个重要的、占比重很大的部门，并且需要许多不同潜质的人共同协作。Back第三十七页，共四十四页。生产工艺是在工业中主要同生产工具有关的一环。生产工艺包括需要加工产品的工具、机械和设备。生产计划和控制中最重要的部分是生产线安排、时序安排、生产分工和生产计划规划。机器设备必须安置妥当，以致顺利生产加工，而无浪费时间和效率的现象发生。Back第三十八页，共四十四页。质量控制可以定义为避免缺陷和次品的行为。在质量控制管理下可确保产品能被买方接受。市场营销是将产品从生产者处“交”到用户手中的过程，其以恰当的规格数量，时间和价格为我们准确地传递我们想要的商品，Back第三十九页，共四十四页。全球制造网络现在已经不存在仅仅的国内市场，也不存在只需