2022-2023学年山西省大同市阳高重点中学高一（上）期末英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年山西省大同市阳高重点中学高一（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AI'mastrongbelieverthatlearningdifferentlanguagesmakesyoulookquitegoodwhenyou'reinaforeigncountryandcanunderstandandspeakthelanguage.Thelistbelowis4apps（计算机应用程序）thatwillhelpyoulearnaforeignlanguage!Youcandownload（下载）themforfree.

Babbel-LearnLanguages

Babbelisanexcellentlanguagetooltohelpyouprogressstepbystepwithlearninganewlanguage.Ithelpsyoulearngrammaralongthewayasyouworkyourwaythroughthetasksandassignments（作业）.Youneedtopayeverymonth，butthiswillstillbecheaperthantakingphysicallessonswithateacher!

Duolingo：LearnLanguagesFree

Theapphasmanylanguagestochoosefromandwillworkthroughthebasicsallthewaytoadvancedwordsandsentences.It'sallcompletelyfreetoo!It'swelldesigned，looksgreatandwillhelpyoulearn，rememberandprogresswithjustalittlebitoftimeeveryday.

Tandem：LanguageExchange

Ratherthanhaveyouworkthroughtasksandmemorizedifferentthings，theappletsyoumatchwithpeoplewhoshareyourinterestsbutspeakthelanguageyouwanttolearn.Youcanthenhavetext，voiceandvideoconversationswithpeoplewhowanttolearnyournativelanguage，andinreturnyoulearntheirs，allbysimplycommunicatingwitheachother.It'sagreatwaytolearnwithonly＄1aday.

LearnEnglish-busuu

ThisappisperfectifyouwanttolearnEnglish.Thereareallsortsofaudioandvisuallearningaids.You'llfindyourselfworkingthroughinteractive（互动的）testsandlearningtoolsforvocabularyanddialogue.1.Whichappsuitsbestifyouwanttolearnthroughcommunication？______A.Babbel-LearnLanguages. B.Tandem：LanguageExchange.

C.Duolingo：LearnLanguagesFree. D.LearnEnglish-busuu.2.WhatisDuolingodifferentfromtheotherthreeapps？______A.It'completelyfreetouse.

B.It'sspeciallydesignedforEnglishlearning.

C.It'sunsuitableforbeginners.

D.It'sthebestappforEnglishlearning.3.Whatdothe4appshaveincommon？______A.Theycoveralllanguages. B.Theyareexpensive.

C.Theycontainmanytests. D.Theyarefreetodownload.BReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now，thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace，hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson，themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing，says，"Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth."

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses，intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe"real"butnotthevirtual（虚拟）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.4.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph？______A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto？______A.Thebook. B.Anadventure.

C.Apublicplace. D.Theidentificationnumber.6.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit？______A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit. B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.

C.Passitontoanotherreader. D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.OnlineReading：AVirtualTour

B.ElectronicBooks：ANewTrend

C.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBack

D.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooksCPeopleenjoytalkingabout"firsts".Theyliketoremembertheirfirstloveortheirfirstcar.Butnotallfirstsarehappyones.

Oneofhistory'sbadbutimportantfirstswasthefirstcaraccident.Carswerestillyoungwhenithappened.TheaccidenttookplaceinNewYorkCityinMay1896.AmanfromMassachusettswasvisitingthecityinhisnewcar.Atthattime，bicycleriderswerestilltryingtogetusedtothenewsetofwheelsontheroad.Noonewassurewhowastoblameforit.Anyway，thebikeandthecarhiteachotherhard.Themanonthebikewasinjured.Thedriverofthecarhadtostayinjailandwaitforthehospitalreportonthebicyclerider.Luckilytheriderwasnotkilled.

Threeyearslater，anothercaraccidenttookplace.ItwasagaininNewYorkCity.AmannamedHenryBlisssteppedoffastreetcar.Hewashitbyapassingcar.Onceagain，noonewassurejusthowithappenedorwhosefaultitwas.Thedriverofthecarwasputinjail.PoorMr.Blissbecamethefirstpersontodieinacaraccident.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue？______A.ThefirstdrivercamefromNewYorkCity.

B.Bothofthetwocaraccidentskilledaperson.

C.Thesecondcaraccidentdidn'thappeninthesamecityasthefirstone.

D.Nooneknewhowthetwoaccidentshadhappened.9.Inbothaccidentsthedriversofthecars______.A.couldnotdrivetheircarsverywell

B.hadtostayinjailforawhile

C.triedtorunawayaftertheaccidentstookplace

D.knewitwastheirfault10.Theword"jail"inthispassagemeans______.A.policestation B.prison C.school D.office11.Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.notallfirstsarehappyones B.twoofthefirstcaraccidents

C.twounhappy"firsts" D.bicycleridersgetusedtocarsDThenexttimeyoumakeyourselfahotcupofteaorcoffee，youmightwanttoletitcooldownabitbeforedrinking.Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffcouldhelpyouavoidsomekindsofcancer.

Infact，theUnitedNations'cancerresearchagencydecidestolisthotdrinkswithlead，gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic（致癌的）".Inotherwords，eachonecouldcausecancer.

ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerfoundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius，whenswallowed，cancausecanceroftheesophagus（食道）.

Theresearchersexaminedfindingsfromotherstudieswhereteaandcoffeewereoftenservedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswerecompletedinChinaandSouthAmerica.Indevelopedcountries，healthexpertshavelinkedesophagealcancertosmokingandalcoholicdrinks.

However，thisformofcancerismorecommoninareaswherepeoplehavedrinksatveryhightemperatures.

InEuropeandtheUnitedStates，manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degreesCelsius.Andtheyoftenaddmilkwhichlowersthetemperatureconsiderably.However，teadrinkersinSouthAmericaoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserto70degreesCelsius.

In1991，theWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic".WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhotdrinkisagreaterriskfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.

ChristopherWildisthedirectoroftheIARC.Hesaidthattheresultssuggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesisoneprobablecauseofesophagealcancerandthatitisthetemperature，ratherthanthedrinksthemselves，thatappearstoberesponsible.12.Whomostprobablysuffersfromcanceroftheesophagus？______A.Agirlwholikescoldmilk. B.Amanwhodrinksveryhottea.

C.Awomanwholikescoffee. D.AmanwhoworksatIARC.13.WhydidtheWHOremovecoffeefrom"possiblycarcinogenic"list？______A.Becausepeopledon'tlikecoffeeanylonger.

B.Becausepeopledrinkcoffeeat60degreesCelsius.

C.Becausecoffeehasnothingtodowithcancers.

D.Becausetemperatureismoredangerousthancoffeeitself.14.Howdoestheauthormainlysupportthethemeofthetext？______A.Bystudyingexamples. B.Bystartingarguments.

C.Byprovidingresearchresults. D.Byshowingbackgrounds.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.HotDrinksLinkedtoCancer B.ReduceHavingHotDrinks

C.DangerofDrinkingHotDrinks D.HealthyDrinks二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Todaywetakealookattheword"smart".Ifsomeonesaysyouaresmart，whatdotheymean？Isitagoodthingorsomethingbad？（1）______Thisisbecausetheword"smart"hasmanymeanings.

Forexample，someonecouldsayyoulooksmartoraredressedsmartly.Thatmeanstheylikeyourphysicalappearanceorwhatyouarewearing.

Butifsomethingsmarts，itcanbeunkindorhurtful，eitherphysicallyormentally.Ifyouaccidentallytripoverachairandfalldown，youmightshout，"Ow!Thatsmarts！"Orifafriendsayssomethingthathurtsyourfeelings，youcansayyouaresmartingfromthehurtfulcomments.（2）______

Ifyouarestandingtooclosetoacampfire，youcouldsayyoureyesaresmartingfromthesmokeofthefire.Heretheword"smarting"meansfeelingasharppain.

（3）______Ifsomeoneissmartasawhip，theyareabletothinkveryquickly.

（4）______Somepeopleareconsideredstreetsmart.Theymaynothaveastrongeducation.Buttheyaregoodatdealingwithpeopleandproblemsintherealworld.Otherpeoplemightbebooksmart.Thismeanstheyhavespentmanyyearsinschool.Buttheymaynotbesosmartwhendealingwithpeopleorrealworldproblems.

Andthenthereisadefinitionofsmartthatmeanstotalkorbehavedisrespectfully.Ifyousaysomethingdisrespectfultoyourparents，theymightsay，"Don'tgetsmartwithme！"Here，"smart"meansshowingalackofrespectbysayingsomethingunkind.Thisdefinitionofsmartcanalsobeusedasaverb.（5）______

A.Dotheyreallymeanyouaresmart？

B.Theanswerisnotaseasyasyoumightthink.

C.Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsbeingsmart.

D.Infact，maybethatpersonisnolongeryourfriend.

E.Butthemostcommonmeaningof"smart"istobeintelligent.

F.However，differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofbeingsmart.

G.Ifyousmartofftothewrongpeople，theycouldhityouintheface.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Asanoldsayinggoes,"Goodfences（栅栏）makegoodneighbors."Withmanypeople(21)tostayathomeduringthepandemic,somefindgoodfencescan(22)makegoodfriends.

Myfamilylivesnextto99-year-oldMaryO'Neill.AlthoughMary'sdaughtervisitsher(23)，thepandemicleavestheoldladyin(24).Amazingly,Marymanagestodevelopaspecial(25)withherneighbor-myson-BenjaminOlsen,agedtwo.Mary(26)throughthefenceasBenjaminlearnstowalk,talk,and(27)nunandplay.AndwhenBenjaminseesMary,heseesaclosefriend,and(28)her"Mimi".Marywillalsocallout.'HeyBenjamin!'whensheseeshim.It'sjustbeensopleasanttowatchthe(29)scene.Mary'sdaughterandI，both(30)therelationshiphasauniquefunctionthathaskepttheelderlywoman(31)thelongperiodofbeingseparatedfromothers.

Asthepandemiclimitationshavelifted,MaryandBenjamin'sfriendshipcontinuestogrowonbothsidesofthe(32)onlynow,thegatescanbeopened.Benjamin(33)Maryonherstepstoplaygames,blowbubblesandenjoytheactivitiesthatbringjoytothepair-oneatayoungage,andtheotherwitha（n）(34)heart.

Friendshipcanjusthappeninsomanydifferentways.Weare(35)theywereabletoformthisone-pandemicornot,becauseitmeansalottobothsides.21.

A.forced B.allowed C.invited D.sent22.

A.never B.also C.only D.already23.

A.moreorless B.onebyone C.nowandthen D.upanddown24.

A.panic B.loneliness C.freedom D.joy25.

A.custom B.agreement C.interest D.friendship26.

A.visits B.checks C.watches D.passes27.

A.actually B.eventually C.regularly D.suddenly28.

A.calls B.assures C.makes D.regards29.

A.warm B.cold C.bitter D.strange30.

A.doubt B.advise C.predict D.believe31.

A.resisting B.defending C.surviving D.involving32.

A.fence B.family C.society D.road33.

A.replaces B.sends C.joins D.inspires34.

A.old B.young C.close D.far35.

A.confident B.regretful C.disappointed D.moved四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.

ZhaoWenying,a65-year-oldwomanfromZhejiangProvince,recentlybecametheworld'soldestperson

(1)

(pass)theprofessionalRubik'sCube(魔方)B-levelexam.Shealsoholdstheworldrecordforapersonovertheageof60tosolvetheRubik'sCubeblindfolded(蒙上眼睛的).

Beforeretirement,Zhaowasamathteacher.Aftershestoppedworking,shebegantosolvetheRubik'sCubeas

(2)

hobby.Asagreenhand,Zhaolearnedalittle

(3)

(slow)atfirst.Yetshewasdeterminedtogetgood

(4)

it.Shefoundsomeonlinecoursesandspentmorethanfouryears

(5)

(learn)tosolvetheRubik'sCubebyherself.

Later,shelearnedhowtodoitblindfolded."WhenIfirstlearnedtosolveitblindfolded,Iwas

(6)

(curiosity)abouthowotherpeopledidit.Ijustthoughtiftheycoulddoit,Icouldtoo,"Zhaosaid.Thenshefoundaprofessionaltoteachher.Thoughitisdifficultforpeoplein

(7)

(they)60stolearntosolvetheRubik'sCubeblindfolded,Zhaodidherbesttolearnthe

(8)

(skill).Duringherlearningprocess,sheusedupfournotebooksinall.

"Everyone

(9)

(have)adreamandyoumustrealizeyourdreamsthroughhardwork.Whilerealizingdreamsisamoment,followingdreamsisaprocess

(10)

happinesstrulylies,"Zhaosaid.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.你校将举行以"善待野生动物，实现和谐共处"为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：

1.野生动物的重要性；

2.野生动物的现状及其原因；

3.发出号召。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Goodafternoon,everyone!

_____________

That'sall.Thanksforyourlistening.38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Lastweek,Iwatchedanoldcouplewhentheywalkedthroughalocalthrift（节俭）store.

IhadjustdroppedoffabagofclothesandafewotheritemsInolongerwanted.WhenIgottheopportunity,Istoppedbyjusttolookthroughtheoldrecords.Yes,Icalledthemrecords,notCDsorMP3s,simplyrecords,thoseroundplasticthingsfromancienttimesthathadmusicrecordedonthem.

Anyway,thiscouplemovedslowlyaroundmeinsearchofitemstheyhadonalinttheyheldtightinhand.Theydidn'tsaymuch,butoccasionallytalkedwiththeotherandpickedanitemup."No,it'snotsuitableforherandshedislikesit,"onewouldsayandmoveon.

MycuriosityalwaysgotthebestofmeuntilIsatisfieditbyasking."CanIhelpyoufindsomething？"Iasked.Theystopped,lookingatme.Thenthemansaid,"Wearelookingforoldthingsthatlooknew.Look,everynewyearinthepastwetriedtobegintheyearwithnewthings.Itwasagoaltosurroundourselveswiththingsfreshandnewsothatwehadnewdirection,newhopesanddreamsfortheyearahead.Moreimportantly,wecangivesomegiftstoEva."

"Eva？Whoisshe？"Iasked."Sheisalovely10-year-oldgirlweadoptedthreeyearsago.Herparentsdiedinaserioustrafficaccident.Shealwayswantstobeasinger,"themanrepliedWhenhearingthosewords,Ifeltsadandsaid,"I'msorryforthegirl.Canyoutellmehowdoesyoursearchworkout？"Theladysighedandsaid,"Ittookalongtimeforustofindaspecialgift,butwediscovereditwasinvain（徒劳的）."

Iknewit'sdifficultforthecoupletosolvetheproblem,soIdecidedtotakeactionimmediately.Isaidtothecouple,"Icandoyouafavor.Pleasewaithereforme."

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Iturnedaroundandranoutofthestore.

WhenIreturnedtothestore,thecouplesatnearthecounter（柜台）.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、A、D【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据Tandem：Language

Exchange中的"Youcanthenhavetext，voiceandvideoconversationswithpeoplewhowanttolearnyournativelanguage，andinreturnyoulearntheirs，allbysimplycommunicatingwitheachother"可知如果你想通过交流学习，Tandem：LanguageExchange最适合．故选B．

2．A．细节理解题．根据Duolingo：Learn

Languages

Free中的"Theapphasmanylanguagestochoosefromandwillworkthroughthebasicsallthewaytoadvancedwordsandsentences．It'sallcompletelyfreetoo!"可知Duolingo与其他三个应用程序的不同是它是完全免费使用的．故选A．

3．D．推理判断题．根据第一段"Youcandownloadthemforfree．"可知这些应用程序的共同点是他们可以免费下载．故选D．

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，文章主要介绍了我坚信学习不同的语言会让你在异国他乡的时候看起来非常好，并且能听懂和说英语．下面的清单是4个应用程序，可以帮助你学习外语!你可以免费下载．

此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"NowthewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup现在，图书交流网站翻开了传统图书团体的新篇章。"可知，作者提到bookgroups是为了引出BookCrossing.故选B。

（2）A.代词指代题。根据第二段中的"hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreader希望这本书能有一次冒险，与每一位新读者周游四方。"可知，此处的"it"指的是"thebook"。故选A。

（2）C.推理判断题。根据第段中的"BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace，hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit图书交叉处提供了一个标识号，可以粘贴在书中。然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书能有一次冒险，和每一个找到它的新读者一起旅行。"可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers将会把它继续传递给其他的读者。故选C。

（3）D.标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句"Now，thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup"以及下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了BookCrossing网站的功能及其创建的意义。故选D。

这是一篇说明文，介绍了BookCrossing网站帮助喜爱读书的人互相交流并传递图书。

1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】D、B、B、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段No

one

was

sure

who

was

to

blame

for

it.（没有人确定谁该为此负责。）以及最后一段Once

again，no

one

was

sure

just

how

it

happened

or

whose

fault

it

was.（再一次，没有人知道这是怎么发生的，或者是谁的错。）可知没有人知道这两起事故是怎么发生的。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The

driver

of

the

car

had

to

stay

in

jail

and

wait

for

the

hospital

report

on

the

bicycle

rider.（这辆车的司机不得不呆在监狱里，等待医院对骑车人的报告。）以及做后一段The

driver

of

the

car

was

put

in

jail.（汽车司机被关进了监狱。）可知这两起事故中，司机都不得不在监狱里呆一段时间。故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据第二段The

driver

of

the

car

had

to

stay

in

jail

and

wait

for

the

hospital

report

on

the

bicycle

rider.（这辆车的司机不得不呆在监狱里，等待医院对骑车人的报告。）可知jail的意思是"监狱"。A.police

station警察局；B.prison监狱；C.school学校；D.office办公室。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段People

enjoy

talking

about

"firsts".They

like

to

remember

their

first

love

or

their

first

car.But

not

all

firsts

are

happy

ones.（人们喜欢谈论"第一次"。他们喜欢记住自己的初恋或第一辆车。但并不是所有的第一次都是快乐的。）可知本文主要谈论了并非所有的第一次都是快乐的。故选A。

本文主要谈论了并非所有的第一次都是快乐的。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Researchers

say

letting

your

hot

drinks

cool

off

could

help

you

avoid

some

kinds

of

cancer.（研究人员表示，让热饮冷却可以帮助你避免某些癌症。）及第三段Researchers

at

the

International

Agency

for

Research

on

Cancer

found

evidence

that

drinks

at

temperatures

above

65

degrees

Celsius，when

swallowed，can

cause

cancer

of

the

esophagus

（国际癌症研究机构的研究人员发现有证据表明，饮用温度超过65摄氏度的饮料会导致食道癌。）可知，喝热饮易导致食道癌。所以B选项"喝热茶的人"最有可能患有食道癌。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In

1991，the

World

Health

Organization

listed

coffee

as

"possibly

carcinogenic".WHO

officials

have

since

changed

their

position

on

that

listing.They

now

suggest

that

the

temperature

of

your

hot

drink

is

a

greater

risk

factor

than

the

actual

drink

itself.（1991年，世界卫生组织将咖啡列为"可能致癌物质"。世卫组织官员后来改变了他们在这一名单上的立场。他们现在认为，热饮的温度比热饮本身的风险更大。）可知，世界卫生组织将咖啡从"可能致癌"清单上去掉，是因为相比于饮料本身，热饮的温度对健康的影响更大。故选D。

（3）写作手法题。根据第三段Researchers

at

the

International

Agency

for

Research

on

Cancer

found

evidence

that

drinks

at

temperatures

above

65

degrees

Celsius，when

swallowed，can

cause

cancer

of

the

esophagus

（国际癌症研究机构的研究人员发现有证据表明，饮用温度超过65摄氏度的饮料会导致食道癌。）及最后一段Christopher

Wild

is

the

director

of

the

IARC.He

said

that

the

results

suggest

that

drinking

very

hot

beverages

is

one

probable

cause

of

esophageal

cancer

and

that

it

is

the

temperature，rather

than

the

drinks

themselves，that

appears

to

be

responsible.（克里斯托弗•怀尔德是国际癌症研究机构的主任。他说，研究结果表明，饮用非常热的饮料是食道癌的一个可能原因，而且似乎是温度而不是饮料本身造成的。）可知，文章中反复提到"研究证据/结果表明"，所以作者主要是通过提供研究结果来支撑文章的主题的。故选C。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句Researchers

say

letting

your

hot

drinks

cool

off

could

help

you

avoid

some

kinds

of

cancer.（研究人员说，让热饮料冷却可以帮助你避免某些癌症）和最后一段中He

said

that

the

results

suggest

that

drinking

very

hot

beverages

is

one

probable

cause

of

esophageal

cancer

and

that

it

is

the

temperature，rather

than

the

drinks

themselves，that

appears

to

be

responsible.（他说，研究结果表明，饮用非常热的饮料是食道癌的一个可能原因，而且似乎是温度而不是饮料本身造成的。）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即过热的饮料会引发食道癌，因此推断A项"热饮料与癌症有关"为最佳标题。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——喝过热的饮料会引发食道癌。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】B、D、E、F、G【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据空前"If

someone

says

you

are

smart，what

do

they

mean？Is

it

a

good

thing

or

something

bad？（如果有人说你很聪明，那是什么意思？是好事还是坏事？）以及空后This

is

because

the

word

"smart"

has

many

meanings.（这是因为"聪明"这个词有很多意思。）可知，设空处应是对问句的回答或是"smart"

有多种含义的结果。B选项"The

answer

is

not

as

easy

as

you

might

think."答案可能并不像你想的那么容易。"符合语境。故选B。

（

2

）推理判断题。根据空前Or

if

a

friend

says

something

that

hurts

your

feelings，you

can

say

you

are

smarting

from

the

hurtful

comments.

（或者如果一个朋友说了一些伤害你感情的话，你可以说你正在为这些伤人的评论而痛苦。）可知，设空处应说明被朋友伤害后的结果。D选项"In

fact，maybe

that

person

is

no

longer

your

friend.

"事实上，也许那个人不再是你的朋友了。"符合语境。故选D。

（3

）主旨大意题。根据空后If

someone

is

smart

as

a

whip，they

are

able

to

think

very

quickly.（如果一个人像鞭子一样聪明，他就能很快地思考。）可知，此处应该说smart具有"聪明的"含义。E选项"But

the

most

common

meaning

of

"smart"

is

to

be

intelligent.但是，"smart"

最常见的含义是"聪明的"。"符合语境。故选E。

（4）主旨大意题。根据空后Some

people

are

considered

streetsmart.They

may

not

have

a

strong

education.（有些人被认为是街头智者，他们可能没有受过良好的教育。）以及本段第五句Other

people

might

be

booksmart.（其他人可能是书呆子。）

可知，本段讲了两种聪明：处世聪明和读书聪明。F选项"However，different

people

have

different

ways

of

being

smart.然而，不同的人有不同方式的聪明。"符合语境。故选F。

（5）细节理解题。根据空前And

then

there

is

a

definition

of

smart

that

means

to

talk

or

behave

disrespectfully.If

you

say

something

disrespectful

to

your

parents，they

might

say，

"Don't

get

smart

with

me！"

Here，

"smart"

means

showing

a

lack

of

respect

by

saying

something

unkind.This

definition

of

smart

can

also

be

used

as

a

verb.

（还有一个对聪明的定义，就是说话或行为不礼貌。如果你对你的父母说一些不礼貌的话，他们可能会说："别跟我耍小聪明!"在这里，"聪明"的意思是通过说一些不友好的话来表示对他人的不尊重。Smart的这个定义也可以用作动词。）可知，此处应该说明smart表示"不敬"时的动词用法。选项中的smart为动词，G选项"If

you

smart

off

to

the

wrong

people，they

could

hit

you

in

the

face.如果你跟错了人，他们可能会打你的脸。"符合语境。故选G。

本文是一篇说明文，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了关于聪明的定义和真正聪明的做法。

"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。

21~35.【答案】A、B、C、B、D、C、B、A、A、D、C、A、C、B、D【解析】（1）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.forced被迫；B.allowed允许；C.invited邀请；D.sent送。句意：正如一句老话所说："好篱笆造就好邻居。"疫情期间，许多人被迫呆在家里，一些人发现好篱笆也能造就好朋友。根据下文"stay

at

home

during

the

pandemic"（疫情期间，要呆在家里）可知，疫情期间，人们是不得不待在家的，所以是被迫待在家的。故选A。

（2）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.never从不；B.also也；C.only只有；D.already已经。句意：正如一句老话所说："好篱笆造就好邻居。"疫情期间，许多人被迫呆在家里，一些人发现好篱笆也能造就好朋友。根据上文"Good

fences（栅栏）make

good

neighbors."和本处"good

fences

can（2）make

good

friends"可知，这属于递进关系，好篱笆造就好邻居，好篱笆也能造就好朋友。故选B。

（3）C.考查短语及语境理解。A.more

or

less或多或少；B.one

by

one

一个接一个；C.now

and

then偶尔；D.up

and

down

上上下下。句意：虽然玛丽的女儿偶尔会去看望她，但疫情让这位老妇人感到孤独。根据上文"My

family

lives

next

to

99-year-old

Mary

O'Neill."（我家隔壁住着99岁的玛丽奥尼尔）可知，玛丽是作者的邻居，再结合上文可知疫情期间人们被迫待在家里，所以玛丽的女儿不能时常来看她，所以应该是偶尔来看她。故选C。

（4）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.panic惊慌；B.loneliness孤独；C.freedom

自由；D.joy快乐。句意：虽然玛丽的女儿偶尔会去看望她，但疫情让这位老妇人感到孤独。根据上文"Although

Mary's

daughter

visits

her（3），"中的Although和下文"the

elderly

woman（11）the

long

period

of

being

separated

from

others.可知这是转折关系，虽然玛丽的女儿偶尔会去看望她，但是由于疫情不能出门，长久与他人分隔，自己一个人还是感到孤独的。故选B。

（5）D.考查名词及语境理解。A

custom风俗；B.agreement同意；C.interest兴趣；D.friendship友谊。句意：令人惊讶的是，玛丽与她的邻居，我两岁的儿子本杰明•奥尔森建立了一种特殊的友谊。根据下文"And

when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend"（当本杰明看到玛丽时，他看到的是一个亲密的朋友）可知，玛丽和本杰明之间是朋友关系。故选D。

（6）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.visits拜访；B.checks检查；C.watches

看；D.passes经过。句意：玛丽通过篱笆看着本杰明学会走路、说话，最后跑和玩。根据上文语境和下文的"when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend,and（8）her

"Mimi.Mary

will

also

call

out.

'Hey

Benjamin!'

when

she

sees

him"可知，疫情封锁期间，人们被迫呆在自己家里，可得出玛丽并未越过篱笆和本杰明直接接触，她应该是通过第笆看着本杰明成长。故选C。

（7）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.actually事实上；B.eventually最终；C.reguarly有规律地；D.suddenly突然。句意：玛丽通过篱笆看着本杰明学会走路、说话，最后跑和玩。根据上文"Benjamin

learns

to

walk,talk"和下文"run

and

play"可知，玛丽通过篱笆见证了本杰明的成长，本杰明从学会走路、说话，到最后跑和玩。故选B。

（8）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.calls叫；B.assures使确信；C.makes做；D.regards认为。句意：当本杰明看到玛丽时，他看到的是一个亲密的朋友，称呼她为"咪咪"。根据下文"her"Mimi"和"Mary

will

also

call

out.

'Hey

Benjamin!'

when

she

sees

him."（"嘿，本杰明"当她看见他的时候，玛丽也会喊出来。）可知，"咪咪"是称呼，他喊玛丽咪咪，玛丽喊他本杰明。故选A。

（9）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.warm温暖的；B.cold寒冷的；C.bitter苦的；D.strange奇怪的。句意：看到这温暖的一幕真是太开心了。根据上文"And

when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend"（当本杰明看到玛丽时，他看到的是—个亲密的朋友）可知玛丽和本杰明的关系是非常好的，所以这两个人见面的场景应该是很温暖的。故选A。

（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.doubt怀疑；B.advise建议；C.predict预测；D.believe相信。句意：我和玛丽的女儿都相信这段关系有独特的作用，使这位老妇人在与他人长期分离的过程中艰难度过了下来。根据下文"Mary

and

Benjamin's

friendship

continues

to

grow

on"可知，他们两个人的友谊还在继续，所以我和玛丽的女儿是相信这段友谊的。故选D。

（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.resisting抵抗；B.defending防卫；C.surviving艰难度过；D

involving涉及。句意：我和玛丽的女儿都相信这段关系有独特的作用，使这位老妇人在与他人长期分离的过程中艰难度过了下来。根据上文第二段第二句"Although

Mary's

daughter

visits

her

now

and

then.the

pandemic

leaves

the

old

lady

in

loneliness."可知，玛丽独自一人居住，特别孤单，是本杰明和她之间的友谊让她在孤单的日子里有了快乐，度过了难关。故选C。

（12）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.fence篱笆；B.family家庭；C.society社会；D.road马路。句意：随着疫情限制的解除，玛丽和本杰明的友谊继续在双方的篱笆中成长，只是现在，大门可以打开。根据文章第一段"some

find

good

fences

can

also

make

good

friends."通过词义复现可知是篱笆。故选A。

（13）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.replaces代替；B.sends发送；C.joins联合；D.inspires鼓舞。句意：本杰明和玛丽一起在她的台阶上玩游戏，吹泡泡，享受给他们带来快乐的活动—个年轻，另一个年轻的心。根据下文"the

pair"可知，是两个人在玩耍，本杰明联合玛丽一起玩。故选C。

（14）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.old老的；B.young

年轻的；C.close亲密的；D.far远的。句意：本杰明和玛丽一起在她的台阶上玩游戏，吹泡泡，享受给他们带来快乐的活动—个年轻，另一个年轻的心。根据上文"Mary

and

Benjamin's

friendship

continues

to

grow

on

"和"99-year-old

Mary

O'Neill."my

son-Benjamin

Olsen,aged

two."可知，玛丽99岁，本杰明2岁，他们是朋友，所以玛丽是是有一颗年轻的心。故选B。

（15）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.confident自信的；B.regretful后悔的；C.disappointed沮丧的；D.moved感动的。句意：我们很感动他们能够形成这一局面，无论是否有疫情，因为这对双方都意义重大。根据下文"because

it

means

a

lot

to

both

sides."可知，这段老少友谊对于双方都意味着很多，所以它们之间的友是非常让人感动的。故选D。

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过描写疫情期间人们被迫待在家里，自己2岁的儿子和99岁的邻居玛丽成为朋友的故事，了解到友谊可以有很多不同的方式。友谊对于双方意义都很大。

近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】(1)topass

(2)a

(3)slowly

(4)at

(5)learning

(6)curious

(7)their

(8)skills

(9)has

(10)where【解析】(1)句意：近日，来自浙江的65岁老妪赵文英成为世界上通过魔方专业B级考试年龄最大的人。分析句子可知，此处应用不定式