高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit-2

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE12UNIT2ARTOFTHETABLE2Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3Task1

Chinesecuisinehasbecomewidespreadinmanypartsoftheworld—fromEastAsiatoNorthAmerica,AustraliatoWesternEurope.RegionalculturaldifferencesvarygreatlyamongthedifferentregionsofChina,givingrisetothedifferentstylesoffood.Thereareeightmainregionalcuisines:Anhui,Guangdong,Fujian,Hunan,Jiangsu,Shandong,SichuanandZhejiang.Workinpairstochoosetwodifferentregionalcuisineswithwhichyouarefamiliarfromtheeightalternativesabove.Comparethembydiscussingtheingredients,preparation,flavorsetc.(P35)What’syourfavoritedish?Why?Howisitprepared?Startingout4Task2

Withtheever-wideningopeninguptotheoutsideworld,Westernpracticesexertsomeinfluence,yettheyhavenotreallychangedtheeatinghabitsoftheChinesepeople.(P35)Startingout—Task2DoyouthinkglobalizationwillhaveaneffectontraditionalChineseeatinghabits?Ifso,whyandhow?Ifnot,whynot?5Task3Discusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions.

Globalizationiseverywhere.Inthefoodindustry,weseethatgiantssuchasKFCandMcDonald’shaveenteredChinesemarketandestablishedmanyfranchisesinmajorChinesecities.(P35)DoyouofteneatWesternstylefastfoodinKFCsorMcDonald’s?Ifyes,whatdoyouthink

ofthefoodservedthere?Ifnot,whynot?

Startingout—Task36

SomepeopleworrythatthepopularityoftheWesternstylefastfoodamongChinesepeople,youngpeopleinparticular,willgiverisetoadeclineinthepopularityoftraditionalChinesefood,suchas,thesteamedbun.

(P35)Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?ApartfromAmericanfastfoodand

hotelbuffets,whatdoyouknow

aboutwesterneatinghabits?Task3Startingout—Task37Withallthesenewchoices,wemustusefoodpyramidguidetomake_____________________.Thismostimportantgroupismadeupofallfood_________________________.Butvegetablegroupalsoincludescarrots,potatoesandother_____________________.___________isrichinprotein,vitaminsandmineralsincludingcalcium._____________________isthesmallestpart.

healthyfoodselectionmadefrom

wholegrainsslightlyedibleplantsDairyfood

Thetipofthepyramid

StartingoutFoodPyramidListencarefullytoanaudioclipaboutfoodpyramidandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.8CulinaryDelightsinChinaReadingFocus9

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation110ListentoadialogueonFoodandRestaurants,andcompletethegap-fillingexercise.

1.Ifyouwantahamburger,hotdogorfriedpotato,youcangotothose_________________or__________.2.Butremember,ifyouchoosetostaythereenjoyingyourfood,youshould____________afterfinishingthemeal.3.Andifyouwantsomevegetables,youcangotothe__________onthestreet.

4.Indinersorcoffeeshops,youcanorderfoodofvariouslevelsaccordingto___________________and______________.5.Finally,using__________________aretheeasiestwaytosolveyourfoodproblem.Youcanfindanythinginit.BackgroundInformationrefreshmentstandssnackbarspaysometipssaladbarsyourownpreferenceeconomic

statusvendingmachines11ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding2LocalChinesecuisines3Everydishhasastory4Warmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfood(Paras.2-5)(Paras.6-11)(Paras.12-15)①Introduction(Para.1)12LocalChinesecuisinesSichuancuisine:__________________________________________________________theuseofChinesepricklyashseedsandotherspiceslikechilipepper

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingdeliciousyeteconomicalfamous

foritsspicyandhotfood13

Guangdongcuisine:withits_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.famousfor

__________________________________________

__________________________________________C._____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingown

characteristicsthathas

exertedafar-reaching

influenceonother

partsof

Chinaandtheworlditsseafoodas

wellasforitsoriginality

andrefinedcooking

processesofferingvarioussoupsLocalChinesecuisines14Zhejiangcuisine:A.___________________B.____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinglightandexquisitewiththerefreshingflavors

ofnatureLocalChinesecuisines15EverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingGoubuli:A.Goubulisteamedbuns______________________________

_____________________________.B.Theywere________________________________________

_________________________________________________.DongpoMeat:A.___________________________________,agreatpoetoftheNorthernSongDynasty.B.________________________________________________.first

soldin

Tianjinabout

150

yearsago

sopopularthat

theownerhadnotimeto

answerhiscustomersThisdishwasnamedafter

SuDongpoHerewardedworkerswith

stewedporkinsoysauce16EverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingBuddhaJumpingovertheWall:Thisdishwascreatedinthe__________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________.B.Itisprepared_________________________________.C.______________________________.

GatheringSpringGarden

inFuzhou,Fujian,during

thereignofQingEmperor

Guangxu.withmore

than20mainingredientsApoetwroteapoemfor

thedish17WarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingEatinghabitshavenotchanged.A.Theoldandyoung__________________________________.B.Elders_____________________________________________

____________________________.C.Thehostessorhost___________________________________.D.Everyone___________________________________________.sitinorder

ofseniority

selectfoodforthe

youngand

theyoungmake

toaststotheeldersapportions

thedishestotreatgueststakesinto

considerationthe

needsofthe

group18ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingSpecialfoodforsocial

festivals:A.__________________________________________________.B.__________________________________________________.C.__________________________________________________.JiaozifortheSpringFestivalYuanxiaofortheLantern

FestivalZongziforDuanwuFestivalWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfood19Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.

(P43)

ReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformationKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-CDABDBBDAB20CriticalThinkingReadingFocus211.Everydishhasastory.Inthetexttherearethreestoriesaboutnames:Goubulisteamedbuns,DongpoMeatandBuddhaJumpingovertheWall.Tellthestorybehindafamousdishwithwhichyou’refamiliar.Howabout“过桥米线”？ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking22ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking2.“Thenamesofsomedishesaresoeccentricthattheymayconfusepeople,bothChineseandforeigners.Ifyouonlytranslatethenamesliterallywithnoexplanation,youcouldmakeafoolofyourself.”

Doyouagree?Provideexamplestosupportorargueagainsttheauthor’spoint.Howabout“蚂蚁上树”？23ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking3.Somepeoplesaythatyouarewhatyoueat.Inthetext,theauthorbelievesthatculinarycustomshavehadacertaininfluenceonthecharacteroftheChinesepeople.Doyouagreeornot?Drawonyourpersonalexperienceorcomeupwithfactstosupportyouropinion.24ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking4.NowmoreandmoreChinesealsocelebrateWesternfestivals.WiththepopularityofWesternfestivalsinChina.DoyouthinkthatChinesepeoplewillbelessconcernedaboutwhatfoodtheyeatatfestivals?Backupyouropinionwithexamples.251.Sichuan,knownasNature’sStorehouse,isalsoastorehouseofcuisine.Here,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.(Para.3)fare:(n.)1)food,especiallyfoodservedinarestaurantoreatenonaspecialoccasion

e.g.

traditionalChristmasfare2)thepriceyoupaytotravelsomewherebybus,train,planeetc.e.g.

Airfareshaveshotupby20%.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

262.

GuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.(Para.4)moderate:(adj.)neitherverybignorverysmall,veryhotnorverycold,veryfastnorveryslowetc中等的，适度的moderateexercise适度的运动amoderateincome过得去的收入havemoderatesuccess大致还算成功atamoderatespeed以适中的速度“produce”,usedasanoun,means

foodorotherthingsthathavebeengrownorproducedonafarmtobesolde.g.

freshlocalproduce新鲜特产

dairyproduce奶产品

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

273.Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.(Para.5)

light:(adj.)foodoralchholicdrinkthatislighteitherdoesnothaveastrongflavororiseasytodigest

e.g.1)Wehadalightwhitewinewiththefish.2)alight,refreshingdessertexquisite:(adj.)

extremelybeautifulanddelicate

精致的；精美的e.g.

anexquisitehand-paintedvase精致的手绘花瓶

ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint

284.BuddhaJumpingovertheWallwascreatedinarestaurantcalledGatheringSpringGardeninFuzhou,Fujian,duringthereignoftheQingEmperor,Guangxu(1875-1908).(Para.11)

reign:

(n.)theperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneiskingorqueen

e.g.

changesthattookplaceduringhisreignreign:

(v.)toruleanationorgroupofnationsastheirking,queen,oremperore.g.

GeorgeVIreignedfrom1936to1952.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

295.Theeldersselectfoodfortheyoungwhiletheyoungmaketoaststotheelders.(Para.12)

Ifyoumakeatoasttosomeone,youdrinksomethinginordertothankthem,wishthemlucketc.e.g.

I'dliketomakeatoasttothebrideandgroom.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

306.InChina,foodeatenduringfestivalsisparticularlyimportant.Atdifferentfestivals,peoplepartakeofdifferentfare.(Para.15)

partakeof:toeatordrinksomethingthatisofferedtoyou

e.g.

1)Grandmotherlikestopartakeofasmallglassofsherrybeforelunch.

2)

Willyoupartakeofaglassofwine?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

31Task1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P46)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ABBCBABCAC32Task21.budA.Ablossomdevelopsfroma

_______.B.Inthispoem,the

_____________

flowermeansyouth.2.accessA.Theonly

_________tothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.B.Userscan

_________theirvoicemailremotely.3.tasteA.Themedicinehadaslightlybitter

_________.B.Therewasalotofhardworkbeforewefirst

________success.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P47)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

bud(n.)budding(adj.)access(n.)access(v.)taste(n.)taste(v.)334.foolA.Katherinewasnobody’s

_______whenitcametomoney.B.It’snogood

_________yourself.He’duceA.Thefactory____________anincredible100carsperhour.B.Weselltinnedgoodsandlocal

_____________.6.garnishA.They

___________theroomwithmodernpaintings.B.Thechickenwasservedwith

_____________ofparsleyandgreenonion.7.reignA.TheQueen

___________butdoesnotrule.B.Theking’s

____________lastedfor30years.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

fool(n.)fooling(n.)produces(v.)produces(n.)garnish(v.)garnishes(n.)reigns(v.)reign(n.)348.concernA.Environmentalprotectionisagrowing___________inChina.B.Helovedhiswife,and_____________A.Thebuildingis__________afterasuccessfulentrepreneur.B.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirst_________?10.practiceA.I’ve_____________playingthepianoforfiveyears.B.Itishis_____________totakeawalkafterdinnereveryevening.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

concern(n.)concerned(v.)named(v.)name(n.)practiced(v.)practice(n.)35Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehand CuisineinChinaisaharmonious1)__________ofcolor,taste,shapeandfragrance.Forthecookingprocess,chefspick2)_______andvariedingredientsandseasoningsandemploytheunparalleledandcomplicatedskills3)_______downfromtheirfathers,always4)________totheiridealofperfectionforallthesenses.Amongthemanycookingmethodstheyuseareboiling,stewing,braising,frying,5)_________,crisping,baking,egrationchoicehandedaspiringsteaming36Whentheyfinishtheir

6)___________theyarearrangedonavarietyofplatesanddishessothattheyareareal7)__________

toview,tosmellandultimatelytosavor.Thefacilityto8)_________ofthesedelightsisalso

distinctive—chopsticks!Toseeeventhesmallestchildeatwithsuchdexterityisquite9)__________formanyforeigners.Theuseoftwosimplesticksinthiswayisanartinitselfandchopstickshave

determinedthewayinwhichChinesefoodis10)__________atthetable.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehand37PracticalTranslation38

1.融合法融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是therebe结构带有定语从句的句型。定语从句的翻译（2）原句中的主句部分thereisaman翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。1)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。392)Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。3)BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.企业要求员工能承受风险。原句中的主句部分therearemanypeople翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。与其将从句处理成带“的”的前置定语“接受风险是企业要求的东西”，或是后置的分句“承受风险，那是企业要求的”，都没有将主从句相融合译得更简洁紧凑。40

2．转换法

有些定语从句从形式上看是定语从句，但从意义上分析却具有状语从句的性质和功能。翻译时应分析原文主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后译成相应的分句。1)AshardworkingasDogwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.

尽管狗子工作非常努力，可他还是无法满足顾客们的需求，所以他们只能等很长时间。上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的结果状语从句。412)Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.

如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。3)Imetyourmother,whowasdoingshoppingatthesupermarket.你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的条件状语从句。这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的时间状语从句。424)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.

他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。5)Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument.为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。6)Icouldnotrecognizeher,whohadchangedsomuchinthepast10years.

我几乎认不出她了，因为在过去10年中，她变得太多了。这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的让步状语从句。这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的目的状语从句。这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的原因状语从句。43TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.ParagraphOneThedeclinegoeswellbeyondrecentsurveysthatshowgrowingcomplaintsaboutmediocrequalityandhighprices—nosmallconcerninacountrywheretourismegastronomiqueearned18billioneurosin2002,aquarterofalltouristrevenues.Moreandmorerestaurateurssaythatgovernmenttaxandeconomicpoliciesarelimitingtheirprofits,andtherebyhurtingtheircapacitytoinvestandhiremorestaff.TheyhavebecomeensnarredintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous—nottomentionedictsfromBrusselsthataffecteverythingfromsalestaxestothebacteriaintheBrie.44TranslationforReference:最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。45ParagraphTwoZhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.OnefamousdishisWestLakeVineg