2023年初中科普英语竞赛辅导讲义一

初中科普英语竞赛(辅导讲义一)科普英语竞赛

=

科普知识

+

英语能力

+

应试技巧MultipleChoice

选择填空一、

单项选择------以科普知识为基础的选择题

单项选择题是预赛第二部分的题型，通常为20道题，分值20分。做好单项选择填空需要掌握选择填空的答题技巧，以便提高答题的准确率。二、

题型特点

考点多，覆盖面广。在考察纯语法、词汇的基础上，更增长了科普英语的相关知识、特殊词汇、特殊语境中运用词法、句法、惯用法的考察。三、解题方法单项选择重要还是考察考生的词汇辨认、辨析能力（特别科普、科技词汇的掌握、辨析）、文化差异的感受能力和语言运用能力，语法上注重动词问题和一定的覆盖面。科普英语竞赛的单项选择题与一般的英语试题的单项选择不同；其题干的内容、语境通常是科普知识；这规定我们在答此类题目时，一方面要先了解其相关科普知识，然后再按照一般英语试题的解答技巧来选择对的答案。同学们在做选择填空时应将全句通读一遍，了解句意，再审查选项，将每道题要考的内容进行分类，判断一下属于语法、习惯用语、词汇还是科普知识。拟定了考点，在联系与考点相关的知识要点，对各选项进行比较、判断、进而选出答案。所以，可以这样认为：科普英语竞赛=科普知识+英语能力+应试技巧试看下例题：1．Whentheantsarefirsthatched,theyareverysmalland______.A.hopeless

B.useless

C.helpless

D.legless2．

However,theyoungwhale’s______healthcontinuedtotestYip,amarinescientistandhisfriends.A.delicious

B.delicate

C.delayed

D.dear3．Pigpoopishighinundigestedphosphorous,itleadstogreatdamagewhenit’s______manure.A.usedas

B.usedto

C.beenusedto

D.beingusedto4．Theabilityofthealligatorto______tochangingconditionshasalsohelpedtheanimalmakeabigcomeback.A.adopt

B.beadopted

C.adapt

D.beadapted5．Avoidingpredators______themostimportantreasonwhyanimalsfly.A.arereally

B.is

C.maybe

D.are6．Scientistsconcludedthatheat______killedthehornets.A.

lonely

B.alone

C.alive

D.lonesome答案：1.C

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.B

6.B在做单项选择题时,同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和科普知识外,掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的.单项选择解题思绪与方法总汇一一、

注意同义、近义词汇的积累、辨析

作为选择填空的基础考察内容，近义词汇或词组的积累与辨析，考得是英语学习平常的专心与工夫。例：1．Suddenlythebatteryonyourmobilephonehas______,youcan’tmakeanycallforhelp.A.

rundown

B.runafter

C.runoff

D.runoutrundown跑下、追溯、用完、浏览runafter追捕、追求、跟踪、runoff逃跑、流出runout跑出、离开、完毕、被用完、放逐2．

Feelingsofpain______whensignalsfromnerveendingsintheskinaresenttothebrain.A.recordB.resourceC.resultD.rescue3．Whenaplantoranimaldies,thecarbon14inthecellsbeginsto__A.breakinB.breakthroughC.breakupD.breakdown4．

Thegovernmentpassedthelawstoprotecttheplantsandanimalsonthe______specieslist.A.

endangeredB.dangerousC.endangeringD.danger二、

直接运用语法知识进行选择掌握初中阶段所出现的几种重要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完毕时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。例：5.--Willyoucometothenetbarswithme?--Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsme______there.A.notgo

B.go

C.nottogo

D.togo6.Cucumberbeetled,which,____,couldproduce33millionrootworms-aseriousagriculturalpest.A.ifallowedtolayeggs

B.ifallowingtolieeggsC.ifallowlayingeggs

D.iftoaloelyingeggs7.Allsubstancesare______verytinyparticlescalledatoms.A.madefrom

B.madeupof

C.madeby

D.madeof8.Asweallknowsoundmakesairvibrate,thus______soundwaves.A.makes

B.make

C.making

D.tomake9.Gerorge______inthiscollegeforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.hadworked

D.willbeworking三、注意排除思维定试的干扰在学习过程中,同学们进行了相称多的习题练习,因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地产生思维定试.当碰到一些已发生了变化的新题目,假如不作分析而是凭老经验,想当然办事,势必导致错误.为此,必须排除思维定试的干扰,以便选出对的的答案.10.—Haveyouseen______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.

__Isit______blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.

a/the

B.the/the

C.the/a

D.a/a11.Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.toclean

B.cleaning

C.cleaned

D.beingcleaned12.TheschoolsinChinaaredifferentfrom_______.A.Americaschools

B.thatofAmerica

C.America

D.thoseinAmerica四、找出关键词再进行选择许多题目中都有这样一些词,它们对于快速而准确地鉴定答案起着至关重要的作用.我们称这些词为关键词.找到句中的关键词,也就找到了解题的突破口.13.Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,______?A.doesn’the

B.didn’the

C.didhe

D.doeshe五.注意分析句子成分明确句子成分,特别是选项在句子中担任的句子成分,有时对于我们选择对的答案是很有帮助的.14.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket______somebananasandvisitedhiscousin.A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy15.______Marswouldbelikelivingonaveryhighmountain.A.Livedto

B.Livingon

C.Liveon

D.Livefor16.Whenwehangupwetclothednearafire,steamcanbeseen_____fromthem.A.rise

B.rising

C.raised

D.raise答案:1.D

2.D

3.C

4.A5.C6.A7.B

8.C9.B

10.D

11.A

12.D

13.C

14.A

15.B

16.六、注意句式的变化在考察考生对基础知识的掌握过程中,命题人会通过改变句子结构的方式来增长试题难度.碰到这类题材时,要沉着冷静,仔细分析,以便选出对的答案.1.

Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.

aswell

B.aswellas

C.sowell

D.sowellas2.

Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicycle.A.ride/ride

B.riding/rideC.ride/toride

D.toride/riding七、选项类推法假如对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小,不妨运用“假如A对,那么B也对”的类推法,从而可将A、B予以否认.3.—Who’sthemanatthedoor?--_________.A.Heisadoctor

B.Heisafriendofmine

C.Heisafamoussinger

D.Heistwenty八、比较排除法根据题干提供的休息,先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除,缩小选择范围,然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检查,辨别真伪.4.

Thegirlaskedtheteacher___________.A.whatdoesthemuseumlookslikeB.whatdidthemuseumlooklikeC.whatthemuseumlooksliked

D.whatthemuseumlookedlike,5.Thereis______milkhere,buttherearequite____emptyglasses.

A.little/afew

B.few/afewC.little/alittle

D.few/little6.Peopleshouldget______ofsleepastheyneedtofeelrested.A.asmanyhours

B.asmuchhoursC.somuchhour

D.somanyhour7.MyEnglishisverypoor.I_____maths

____English.A.prefer/to

B.like/thanC.learn/than

D.have/by8.--Pleasegivemea_____whenyouarriveinBeijing.

--Allright.I’lltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere.A.newspaper

B.ticket

C.calling

D.ring9.Frenchscientistshavefoundthatthemoonhasanotherunexpected______:itaffectsEarth’sclimate.A.insignificance

B.influence

C.instructionD.intelligence10.Seedsfromothertreescouldnotgrowbecausetherewere_____plantsontheforestfloor.A.toomany

B.toomuchC.agreatdealD.alargeamount11.Everybodyknowsthatnolivingthingscanlivewithoutairorwat