高考英语语法专题练习及答案

第第#页共17页高考英语语法专题练习及答案高考英语语法专题练习：I.单句语法填空（情态动词、虚拟语气）（2022合肥高三质量检测）TheplayersfromGuangzhouEvergrandeFootballClubhavebeendoingverywellrecently,sothey winthefinalmatch.答案：should解析：考查情态动词。句意：广州恒大足球俱乐部的运动员最近表现一直很好，所以按道理说他们应该能赢得决赛。根据句意可知，此处用情态动词should表示一种预期，常译为按道理说应该。（2022山东潍坊高三联考）Oneofourrulesisthatnostudents carrymobilephoneswhiletakinganexam.答案：shall解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一项规定是，学生参加考试时禁止带手机。shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、威胁、许诺等。（2022福建四地六校高三联考）CouldIsurftheInterfortwentymoreminutes,MumOh,dear,ifyou .答案：must解析：考查情态动词。句意：妈妈，我能再上20分钟的网吗噢，亲爱的，如果你一定要的话，那好吧。ifyoumust（表示虽不赞同但允许）如果你一定要，符合语境。（2022湖南五市十校高三联合检测）Youneedtotakeabreakfromallthishardwork.Remember:nothing makeupforthelossofyourhealth.答案：can解析：考查情态动词。句意：在辛苦工作之后你需要好好休息一下。请记住没有什么能弥补你失去的健康。（2022沈阳高中质量监测）Wecantimaginethattwochildren bekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse!答案：should解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟会被她们家里的洗衣机杀死。should可表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。Dayslater,Itriedtogetmysistertotellmewhatwasgoingon，butshe sayanything.答案：wouldnt解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我设法让姐姐告诉我发生了什么，但她什么都不肯说。Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourposition.You havefixedfullattentiononit.答案：should解析：考查情态动词。句意：看!你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示本应该做但实际上没有做应该用shouldhavedone结构。(2022杭州高考科目教学质量检测)Thevoluntaryservicesavedyouasumofmoneythatyouotherwise (spend)ontheagencyresponsibleforfindingyourpets.答案：wouldhavespent解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定语从句中用wouldhavedone表示本来要做某事。You neverworktoohardinlearningalanguage.Thatswhatittakestolearnalanguagewell.答案：can解析：考查情态动词。句意：学习一门语言时你再努力也不为过，那是学好一门语言所必需的东西。cant(cannever)...too...再也不为过，符合语境及句子结构，故选B。（2022成都高中毕业班诊断性检测）YoutalksomuchaboutLondon.You havebeenthere.Yeah,Iwentsightseeingonatourlastsummer.答案：must解析：考查情态动词。根据youtalksomuchaboutLondon.可知，空处应表示对过去事实的肯定推测，因此用musthavedone。can表示推测时常用于否定句或疑问句。（2022山东潍坊高三联考）HowaboutyourtriptoHawaiiWonderful!I haveenjoyedmyselfmore.答案：couldnt解析：考查情态动词。根据Wonderful可知，此处意为我不可能过得比那更愉快了，暗指当时过得最愉快。cant/couldnt...+比较级可表达最高级含义。（2022福建福州高三质量检测）Whatifyou （forget）tosendallessaywithyourapplicationIwouldhavebeenrejected.答案：hadforgotten解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知，问句表示对过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。Theconstantriseofmeatpricerequiresthateffectivemeasures (take)bythegovernment.答案：betaken解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：肉价的持续上涨要求政府采取有效措施。require后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，betaken前省略了should。(2022北京海淀区高三期末)Butforthemistakeshemade,LiMing (pass)theentranceexamlastyear.答案：wouldhavepassed解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：李明要不是在去年的入学考试中犯了那些错误，他原本可以通过考试的。由Butfor和made可知，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语应用wouldhave+过去分词。(2022北京东城区高三检测)DoyouliketheschoolYeah.Ionlywishtheclasses (be)alittlesmaller.答案：were解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你喜欢这个学校吗是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。II.阅读理解(人物故事类+社会文化类)(2022届高三大联考一)(CNN)-Shetraveledtheworldwithherhusbandfor22monthswithoutmajortrouble,butamonthafterreturningtotheUnitedStates,LeanneHechtBeardenismissingaftershewentforawalk.AsearchisunderwayinTexas,northeastofSanAntonio,fortheDenverwomanwhotookawalkalmostaweekagoandhasnotreturnedtoherresidencewheresheandherhusband,Josh,werestaying.Bearden,33,wentmissingFridayintheearlyafternoon,andpoliceareencouragingthepublictoprovideanyinformation.Whilefamilyandfriendssaypoliceareengagedinthiscaseandarebeingdiligentintheirefforts，theyhavedecidedtotakethesearchintotheirownhandsandhavehiredprivatehelicopterstohelplookforBearden.Herbrother,MichaelHecht,toldCNNtwohelicopterssearchedfornearlythreehoursThursdayfollowinggroundsearchestheprevioustwodays.BeardenandherhusbandJoshhadjustreturnedtotheUnitedStatesinDecemberafterspendingnearlytwoyearstravelingaroundtheworld.Theydocumentedtheirjourneyinablog.SheandherhusbandoffouryearsweresupposedtoflytotheirhomeinDenveronTuesdaytoresumejobsearches.MichaelHechtsaiduponreturningtotheUnitedStatesthecouplehadspentashorttimeinGeorgia,thenwenttoTexasforafewweekstovisitJoshsfamily.HesaidtheywereworkingtofindjobsinDenver,wherethecouplewasmarriedandhadsettled.Herpoorhusbandisjustdevastated，saidMichaelHecht.JoshBeardentoldCNN,Sheleftonherownfreewill.Thatiswhatshedid.Thatisabsolutelytrue,butwhathappenedaftersheleftthehouseonherownfreewillIdontknow.GardenRidgepolicehavesentoutaMissingPersonAlert.GardenpolicesaidaformalsearchinthemunitywilloccuronSaturday..AfterLeanneBeardenwaslost .thepolicegotsomeinformationfromthepublicthehusbandturnedtothepoliceforhelptimelythepolicesenthelicopterstosearchforherthehusbandaskedhisbrothertohuntforher.Accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphswecanknowthat .thecoupleprefersnothingtotravellingthecoupledecidedtosettleinTexasthecouplehavegotjobsinDenverthecouplehavebeenmarriedfor4years.WhichcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedworddevastatedA.Astonished.B.Disappointed.C.Crushed.D.Abandoned.4.WhatdoesJoshthinkofhiswifesmissingHiswifewaslostonlybyaccident.Hiswifelefthomevoluntarily.HiswifewastiredofthelifeinTexas.HiswifehasgonetoDenverforjobs.答案：1.B解析：细节推断题。依据文章第一、二段可知，LeanneBearden走失后不久，她的家人就开始寻找，第三段的警方加入表明他的丈夫给警方报告了妻子失踪的事件。故选B项。.D解析：细节理解题。依据文章第三段的Sheandherhusbandoffouryearsweresupposedto...可知，这对夫妇结婚四年了。故选D项。.C解析：词义猜测题。文中的MichaelHecht在描述妹夫当时的情况，因为妻子走失，丈夫心中一定是非常着急，几天寻找无果的状态一定令他感到心情崩溃。故选C项。.B解析：细节理解题。依据文章倒数第二段的Sheleftonherownfreewill.Thatiswhatshedid.可知，妻子是自愿离开这里的。故选B项。BWASHINGTON-WhatwillthecitiesofthefuturelooklikeThatwasthechallengeaddressedby40,000middleschoolstudentsfrom1,350schoolsacrosstheU.S.inanannualpetitiontodesigntheurbanlandscapeoftomorrow.ThirtyseventeamsmadethefinalsandtraveledtoWashington,D.C.,todefendtheirideasbeforethejudgesattheFutureCitypetition.Theannualcontestaimstodirectyoungpeopletowardcareersinscienceandtechnology.Thestudentsbuilttabletopscalemodelsoftheirdesignsusingrecycledmaterials,costingnomorethan$100.Theteamsalsohadtowriteessaysabouttheirsolutions,explaintheirideastothecrowdandanswerthequestionsaskedbyasixmemberexpertgroup.UrbantransportationThisyearsthemewasurbantransportation-anincreasinglyimportantissuefortheworldscities.EighthgradersfromthesouthernstateofGeorgia-DavidStraub,KatherineBarriandRebeccaNorth-imaginedtheircityfarintothefuture.Straubsaidtheypredictedthatpublictransportwouldbeeffortlessandecofriendly.YoungteenspeteLeilaMezza,OhaHassanandMousaSeidfromHouston,Texas,imaginedacityinBrazilin2084,withtransportrelyingonelectriccars.TheFutureCitypetition,nowinits22ndyear,ismainlyfocusedonyoungteens.BecauseatthatageintheUnitedStates,theyhavetoelectthemathcourses,theadvancedmathcourses.Iftheyarentatthatage,theywillneverbeanengineer.Thegrandprizeof$7,500wenttoSt.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan.TheteammemberswonatriptoU.S.SpaceC.Eveniftheydidntwin,theexperienceofworkingonanengineeringprojecthasencouragedmanyofthekidstothinkaboutacareerinscienceandtechnology.OneofthemisEricSwylerfromNewMexico,whosaid,Iplantobeeascientistofsomekind,butImnotsureexactlywhatkind..HowmanyteamstookpartinthefinalpetitionA.1,350.B.40,000.C.37.D.6..WhatsthepurposeofholdingtheannualcontestA.Toleadteenstocareersinscienceandtechnology.B.Tochoosetheexcellentteenagerstoworkinscience.C.Tofindthebetterdesignsofbuildingfuturecities.D.Tofindoutwhatthecitiesofthefuturelooklike..WhichteamwonthegrandprizeoftheFutureCitypetitionA.AschoolteamfromNewMexico..AteamfromHouston,Texas.C.AteamfromthesouthernstateofGeorgia.D.St.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan..WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Themathcoursesareveryimportanttobeanengineer.ThewinnersofthegrandprizewonatriptoBritishSpaceC.C.ThestudentsattheFutureCitypetitionwereallfromNewYork.D.Publictransportisbeingeffortlessandecofriendlynow.答案：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了学校的学生们所设计的未来的城市。.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Thirtyseventeams,madethefinalsandtraveledtoWashington，D.C.，todefendtheirideasbeforethejudgesattheFutureCitypetition.可知，答案为C项。.A解析：目的意图题。根据第二段的首句Theannualcontestaimstodirectyoungpeopletowardcareersinscienceandtechnology.可知，举办每年比赛的目的就是指导青少年通向科学和技术上的事业。故选A项。.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Thegrandprizeof$7,500wenttoSt.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan.可知，该题选D项。.A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的BecauseatthatageintheUnitedStates,theyhavetoelectthemathcourses…theywillneverbeanengineer.可知，数学对于想成为一个工程师来说是非常重要的。故A项正确。.七选五FishFisheinallkindsofshapes,sizesandcolors.Theyfirstappearedintheoceansoftheearthabout500millionyearsago.Todaytherearetensofthousandsofdifferentkindsoffishandnewspeciesarediscoveredeveryyear.Wherefishlive__1__Theypreferablyliveinareaswherewarmandcoldcurrents（水流）meet.Andabout40%offishspeciesareinfreshwater.Someofthemliveintheclearwaterofriverswhileothersprefermuddypondwater.Afewtypesoffishcanswiminbothsaltandfreshwater.SensesFishhaveorgansthattellthemwhatishappeninginthewateraroundthem.Theycanseeleftandrightatthesametime.Theynotonlycanhearsoundsinthewaterbutcanalsosensesoundsthathappenonthesurface.__2__BodiesoffishFishhavenoneck.Theheadandthebodyarebined.Mostfishareshapedlikecigarssothattheycantravelveryquickly.Fisharecold-blooded.__3__Theskinofmostfishismadeoutofaspecialslipperysubstance（物质）.Fishbreatheoxygenfromthewatertheylivein.__4__Fishwereamongthefirstanimalshuntedbyprimitive（原始的）humanbeings.Millionsofpeopleallovertheworlddependonfishasamainformofnutrition.Inmanycoastalcountries,suchasJapanorNorway,peopledependonfishingtomakealiving.__5__Theyeatotherseaanimalsandareeatenbyotherseacreatures,thuskeepingupthebalanceofnature.DangerstofishTheimportanceoffishFishareapartofthefoodchain.Mostoftheworldsfishliveinsaltwater.Theirbodytemperaturechangeswiththeirsurroundings.Fisharealsoendangeredbypollutionoftheworldsoceans.Fishcanalsofeelwatermovements,thusfeelingthedangersthatapproachthem.2. 3. 4. 5. 答案：1.D2.G3.E4.B5.CW.语法填空OnThursdayMrs.Clarkelockedthedoorandwe