语法填空解题技巧市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

语法填空

解题技巧

第1页第1页1、阅读/理解语篇能力;2、分析句子结构能力;3、纯熟利用语法能力。1.语法填空题—能力要求第2页第2页What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?三步完毕:概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查语法词法句法章法惯使用办法思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂语法点，我们到底该如何入手呢?

第3页第3页GroupWork

Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutgarmmarofblanksfrom21to30.讨论归纳语法填空以要求依据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考察各项语法内容。第4页第4页

3.语法填空题—空格设计纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等有提醒词谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词比较级或最高级第5页第5页3.Thelittleboypulled[33]________righthandoutofthepocket…

冠词或(物主)代词无提醒词可数名词单数之前1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.

2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.

the

a

his考察语法点:定冠词,不定冠词,物主代词使用办法讨论归纳第6页第6页归纳总结：假如句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应当考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a/the)、不定代词(any,no,some,all,every….)和形容词性物主代词(my,her,their,its…)，名词所有格等进行修饰。

第7页第7页连词或从句引导词无提醒词两个主谓结构连接1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrol

it.

before考察语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词使用办法讨论归纳

找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次

理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成份but第8页第8页归纳总结：1从句子结构考虑，假如空格前后都有句子。则要依据上下文逻辑关系，选择适当副词或连词。表原因：because,for,since等表结果：so,therefore,hence,thus等表递进：further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等表转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,While,althouhgh,though等第9页第9页2假如两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没相关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词

that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引导定语从句)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引导名词性从句)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引导状语从句)and,orbut(连接并列句）第10页第10页介词无提醒词与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语,表语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]__________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.

of

at考察语法点:介词基本使用办法及惯用搭配讨论归纳第11页第11页归纳总结名词或代词前面空格也也许填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前如：atnight,onSunday也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor第12页第12页特殊句式结构1Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2Little____weknowhislife.3____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.4I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.5Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.itdoSodidthat第13页第13页归纳总结由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填词1由itis...that...强调句型2由it作形式主语或宾语句式3so\such...that...句型4构成倒装条件only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等5强调谓语动词要填do,does,did.第14页第14页★有提醒词解题技巧分析句子结构上下文语境谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词比较级或最高级有提醒词第15页第15页动词给出提醒词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再详细解题。第16页第16页谓语动词有提醒词与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI[39]_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure[36]__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.

wastold

kept考察语法点:谓语动词时态及语态,及主谓一致讨论归纳第17页第17页技巧1①：句中没有谓语，或者即使已有谓语动词，但需填词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例1.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.

closed第18页第18页例2.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__________(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.Thismovement(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.

areleaving第19页第19页例3.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry___________________(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.isproducing第20页第20页例4.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.wouldhavehappened例5.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand___________(help)peoplekickthehabit,____________(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.helpwassigned第21页第21页例6.……Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon’tnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_______(come)es例7.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout.haschanged第22页第22页非谓语动词有提醒词除谓语动词以外动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.

receiving

tocomplete

included考察语法点:非谓语动词及变形使用讨论归纳第23页第23页技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要拟定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间关系。第24页第24页例10.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.tomemorize例11.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……Speaking注意：作主语或宾语时，通惯用doing/beingdone形式表示习惯或普通情况；用todo/tobedone形式表示详细情况或未来；作状语用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已发生。第25页第25页例12.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass第26页第26页例15.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”saying注意：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语关系拟定形式。第27页第27页例16.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.learned注意：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间关系拟定形式。starting例17.…….Lessons_________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.第28页第28页例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarchⅡ-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina’sthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries_____________(send)astronautsitnospace.注意：名词前有first,second,…last,only修饰时，后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定语。tohavesenttheonly第29页第29页例19.Mr.Greenwasdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______（repair）gowrongagain.注意：固定结构如：havesth.done,seesth.done,thewaytodo等。repaired例20.Canyoutellmethewayyouthoughtof___________(work)outtheproblem.towork第30页第30页词性转换

有提醒词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).2.Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.

rudely

worst

suggestion考察语法点:各类词性正确使用及转化讨论归纳第31页第31页技巧2：词类转换题要先拟定在句中成份。dangerous例19.Ina_________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto……例20.Theremustbesomething_________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.seriously第32页第32页varieties例21.…….ZhengShouying,aprofessorattheFordScienceandTechnologyCollegeofNanjingAgricultureUniversity,believesChineseshouldlearntopickthebestmilkfromthe__________(vary)thatfillstoreshelves.第33页第33页harder例23.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould….Hejumpedeven________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.unnecessary例22.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessity)workintheoffice.第34页第34页请用刚刚总结考点,尝试用下面短文,进行语法填空命题1挖出你认为会考10个空；2注明理由（比如：介词+名词）；3时间：3分钟。

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.第35页第35页考点分布考点数量动词(谓语/非谓语)名词连词(从属连词/并列连词)介词代词冠词形容词副词第36页第36页

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire___1_____destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths___2_____thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25___3____oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.__4____firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire____5__onthe11thfloor.___6___knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan___7___(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8___itwasimpossibletocontrol__9__.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove____10___(escape).Onepossibleversion

第37页第37页Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire________destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths________thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25_______oftheofficebuildingwerecomp