2018年浙江高考新题型概要写作训练及指导

［考纲解读］提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。［原题分析］.原文材料350词以内，概要写作40〜80词。.原文以说明文、议论文为主。.概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。.要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。［写作注意事项］.找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。.各要点的表达要相对独立。.各要点之间要有适当的衔接。.句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词which,who等引导的定语从句，而采用ing形式和ed形式作定语。.多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。［概要模板及句型］.表示文章的内容以及研究目的①Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...②Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof....表示研究的结论①Theresultshowedthat...②Theauthorfoundthat...③Itwasconcludedthat....表示推荐、观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat…Suggestionsaremadefor...实战演练1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Asmostchildrenreturntoschool,manyaffluentfamiliesarechoosingtopulltheirchildrenoutofthemainstreameducationsystemaltogetherinfavorofhavingatutorathome"Around50percentoftheinquirieswe,regettingatthemomentareforlong-term,dailyhometutoring,"SteveSpriggs,managingdirectorofLondon-basedprivatetutoringserviceAnd,headds,thetrendhasgrownfromfamiliesaskingforpersonaltutorstoreplicatetheclassroomenvironmentintheirownhomes.Manyfamiliesthatweremakingtheinquiriesforfull-timehometutors,Spriggssaid,wereeithertravellingsofrequentlythatsendingtheirchildrentooneschoolwasimpracticalandothersdidnotwanttheirchildrentogointoboardingschool.Hometutoringisnothingnew,andmanytuitionfirmsalsoofferextratutoringservicestofamilieswantingtheirchildrentohavealittleextrahelplearningaheadofentranceexamsatcompetitiveprivateschoolsinthe.,suchasHarrow,St.PaulsorEton."Wealwaysmakeitcleartoparentsthatwewillonlyofferfull-timehomeschoolingforayearthough,"Spriggsexplained."Anymorethanayearandchildrenstarttoloseoutonwhataschoolenvironmentcangivethem,suchassocialskillsandthatvitalinteractiontheyneed-althoughwetrytomitigatethatanywayinourhometutoringwithsportsclubsofmuseumtripsaspartoftheteachingprogram."Spriggssaidthatthecostsofhiringafull-timetutorwouldexceedthefeesofatopboardingschool,whichusuallychargearound£35,000($54,400)ayear.Somefamiliesemploytwofull-timetutors,onetocoverhumanitiesandtheothertocoverscienceandmaths.Devisinganeducationalplanforyoungstersinthesesituationsisnotaquickprocess,however,takinguptosixweekstoplan,Spriggssaid,withatutorbeingmatchedtothechildtoensuretheyarecompatible.参考范文：Hometutoringisn,trareinsociety.SomerichfamilieschoosefuHtimetutorsbecauseoffrequenttravellingorbecausetheydon,twanttheirchildrentogointoboarding5由。。1.（要点1）Meanwhile,toperformbetterinentranceexams,somechildrenneedextratutoringservices.（要点2）Sometuitionfirmsaddsomeactivitiestoimprovethesocialskillsofthechildren.要点3）Althoughthecostsofhometutoringarehigh,somefamiliesstillemploytwofull-timetutorstoensuretheirchildrencangainbalanceddevelopment.（要点4）实战演练2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingridofdirtintheopinionofmostpeopleisagood,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublic1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhisdidthekingofEnglandinbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslylearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit好处）ofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18speaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtowatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventing，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea：clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhiteclothseversofter,surfacestothehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist免疫学家），encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunethelatter（后者）positionisgainingsomeground.【参考范文】Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（要点1）Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearshavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.（要点4）附：概要写作评分原则及给分范围一、评分原则.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。.评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。.词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。二、各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述一理解准确，涵盖全部要点。第五档一能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。(21—一有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。25)一完全使用自己的语言。一理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。一所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表第四档达。(16—一比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧20)凑。一有个别整句抄自原文。

第三档(11—15)