2022-2023年湖北省荆州市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年湖北省荆州市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

TwoopposingcampshavedifferentideasabouthowtorespondtoIran'sdecisiontorestart______.

2.

TheeconomicbenefitstotheNorthfromfastergrowthinthethirdworld______thecosts.

3.

Ifwecanjoinbillionsofcomputercircuitstogetherlikebillionsofbraincellswhichworktogether,thenthecomputercanreceive______.

4.

WhenwillKellycontactyouonceyouhaveregistered,forworkandofferedallyourdetails?

A.WhenyouchaseKellytoaskaboutyourjob.

B.Whentherightjobcomesup.

C.AfteryougiveKellyaprivateemailaddress.

D.WhenanemployerisinterestedinyourCV.

5.

Themajorproblemofwaterefficiencyinindustryisa______.

6.

OsierwasafamousscholarinEnglishliteratureaswellasagreatphysician.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

WhenBricklandandhersisterwerelittle,theykeptthehomekeybecause______.

A.theywantedtobetrusted

B.theirmotherhadtowork

C.theirmotherdidn'tliveathome

D.theywereverynaughtyandwild

8.Evenastheeconomyimproves,ajoblessexecutivemayfaceuptoayearormoreofunemployment.Thisisalotoftime,especiallyforhardcharginghigh-performerswhoarenotusedtohavinganyfreetime.Whilesomejobseekersspendhundreds—eventhousands--ofhoursdiscoveringdaytimetelevision,othersseemtothriveonactivitiesthatboosttheirprofessionalcareersorresolvefamilyissueswhentheyaren'tworking.

Havinganextendedperiodoffreetimeintheprimeofone'slifecaninfactbeauniqueopportunitytofocusonvolunteerservice,professionaleducationorpersonalgrowth.

CommunityInvolvement

ForLisaPerez,thewakeupcallwasburnedporkchops.Anexecutivewhopreviouslyhadn'tbeenparticularlyinterestedinhomeandhealthhadbecomeobsessedwithhomemakingduringastintofunemployment.

Sherealizedthatcleaningandorganizingherhomewasn'thelpingherjobsearch.Nevertheless,"Imadelistsof50thingstodoeveryday,"saysMs.Perez,apoliticalandpublic-relationsconsultantinScottsdale,Ariz."Myhousewasspotless,justsoI'dhavesomethingtodo."

Oneday,herboyfrienddidn'tarriveontimefordinnerbecausehehadtoworklate,andherporkchopswereruined.Shethrewafit."I'dneverbeenapersonlikethat,"shesays."SoIdecidedtostopfeelingsorryformyself,andgooutanddosomethingproductive."

Ms.Perez,35,resolvedtobecomeanactivevolunteerforthedurationofhersearch.Shegavehertimetoahealth-careconcern,ahousingprogramandapoliticalcampaign.

Theworkbolsteredherself-confidence."Volunteeringtakesthefocusoffofyou.Onethingyouhavethat'sstillvaluableisyourtime.And,ofcourse,youlearnthattherearethousandsofpeoplewithalifethat'smuchworsethanyours,"shesays.

Volunteerassignmentsarealsogreatwaystomeetpowerfulandwell-connectedpeople.Overasix-monthperiod,hervolunteeringevolvedintoworkingasapaidconsultantandthenasafull-timeemployee,ajobshestillholdstoday.Inall,shewasunemployedforeightmonths.

Beforeherjobloss,shethoughtshedidn'thavetimetovolunteerwhileworking."Now,eventhoughIhaveademandingjob,Istillvolunteer,becauseofwhatIgotoutofit,"saysMs.Perez.

ContinuingEducation

GeneBellavance,a36yearoldinformation-technologyprojectmanager,tookanotherrouteduringhisunemployment.WhenhewaslaidofffromasteelcompanynearCleveland,heknewhisimmediateprospectswerebleak.Heexpectedhissearchtotakeayear.Hefacedadecision:takeajobthatwouldsetbackhiscareerorholdoutforanofferhereallywanted.

Mr.Bellavanee,singleandvirtuallydebtfree,shiftedhisfinancesintosurvivalmode.Hecashedouthispension,soldhishouse,unloadedthingshedidn'tneedatgaragesales,andrentedanapartmentwitharoommate.Then,hesays,"IsignedupforeverybenefitIcouldfind."

Buthewasn'tjustwaitingouttheyear.Hespenttherestofhissearchupdatinghisskills,includingbecomingcertifiedinnewdatabaseandprojectmanagementsoftware."Youhavetoinvestinyourself,"Mr.Bellavancesays."Iestimatedwhattechnologywasgoingtobethemostbeneficialandchoseapplicationsthatweregoingtobepervasive,thatwererightformymarket,andthatweregoingtoensuretoppay."

InadditiontoincomefromtheoccasionalIT-consultingassignment,hereliedonacombinationofdisplaced-worker-retraininggrantsandunemploymentbenefits."Iwentoutandfoundtheclasses,submittedthepaperwork,anddealtwiththebureaucracy.Youhavetostayafterthem,keepingyourbenefitsmovingforward.It'suptoyoutomakeitworkwithyouroveralltransitionplan,"hesays.

Hisjobsearchwasonemonthshyofthe

A.YB.NC.NG

9.WhichyearisthefewestinviolationoffederalsmogstandardsinLosAngeles?

A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004

10.

MakingsurethatBluetoothanditsconnecteddevicesdon'tinterferewithoneanothercanbedifficult.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

In1954,whileflyinganaeroplane,CaptainHowardsawaUFOwhichhedescribedasratherlike______whenitflewaway.

12.

Thefactthatcomparativeadvantageofanactivitydisplacesthatoftheotheronecouldmoderatetheconflictof______.

13.

Eatingmustardatthepropertimeisbelievedtobeableto______.

14.

Accordingtotheauthor,theeasiestwaytorememberyourdreamsisto______.

A.putanotebookandpennexttoyourbed

B.trytorecallthedreams

C.re-enterthepreviousdreams

D.keepadreamjournal

15.

Withitsbodyalmosttotallyunderwater,theNirbacanstillbreathebecauseitsnostrilsareontopof_____

16.

ThomasandWhitehead______bottleCoketofranchisersineverypartofthecountryaftertheymadeagreementwithCandler.

17.Thearticledealswiththelinkbetween______andthesuggestionstopreventthem.

18.

Weshouldbeinformedofthepotentialharmaboutcloning.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Inthisarticle,theauthorrelieschieflyon______tosupporthismainideas.

20.

Ifyouwanttohavethesamekindoflivingasaretiree,youmayspend20%lessmonthlythanyoudonowbecause______.

A.olderpeopletendtobemorefrugal

B.expensesinvolvedinworkaresaved

C.publictransportationwillbecheaperthen

D.olderpeoplecandotheirowncleaningthen

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B5】

22.(47)

23.(19)

A.$2.75.B.$1.25.C.$1.50.D.$3.9.

24.(36)

A.Thediscussion.

B.TheEuropeanUnionteam.

C.TheEuropeanUniondeputyforeignministers.

D.TheUNinvestigation.

25.(13)

A.Joanwillgiveouttheassignments.

B.Joanwillspeakintheseminar.

C.Joanwon'tbepresentattheseminar.

D.Joanwon'tsignthepetitions.

26.

【B10】

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptheirfulladult(36)______,theireducationmustbe(37)______tothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselves(38)______theirenvironmentaswell.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefull(39)______ofsociety'sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatare(40)______ontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,the(41)______,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecades(42)______thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,(43)______theopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.(44)____________.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—(45)____________.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildrentoanappropriateeducation,(46)____________.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

28.【B3】

29.

【B2】

30.【B5】

31.听力原文：M:Oh,Anna,thatwasawonderfuldinner.That'sthebestmealthatI'vehadinalongtime.

W:Oh,thankyou,thankyouverymuch.

M:CanIgiveyouahandwiththedishes?

W:Ohoh,don'tbother.I'lldothemmyselflater.Hey,wouldyoulikemetofixsomecoffee?

M:Oh,thanksalot.I'dloveso.Eh,wouldyoumindifIsmoke?

W:Why?Notatall.Here,letmegetyouanashtray.

M:Oh,thanksverymuch.Anna,Ididn'trealizeyouweresuchagoodcook.

W:Actually,I'vejustlearnedhow,youknow.It'sbecauseI'vebeentakingthesecourses.

M:Why,Ican'tcookatall.Can'tevenboilanegg.

W:Nokidding?Well,youknow,ifyouwantto,youcouldtakeacoupleofclassesoveratPodunCollegeandlearnhowtodoit,too.

M:Thanksalot.ButI'mprettybusythesedays.Oh,Ijustremembered.IwonderifICouldpossiblyuseyourphone?

W:Oh,I'msorry.Butit'soutoforder.Isitreallyimportant?

M:Well,yousee,Ihavetocallmyforemanabouttomorrow'sworkschedule.Excuseme,wouldyoumindifIjustwentoutforafewminutes?I'llcallhimatthephoneboothonthecomer.

W:Notatall.Solongasyouknowyourwayback.

(23)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Fatheranddaughter.

D.Friends.

32.听力原文：M:Harryseemstobeinabadmoodtoday.

W:He'llsnapoutofitwhenhefinisheshisbiologyprojectthisafternoon:

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutHarry?

(16)

A.Hehasfinishedhisbiologyproject.

B.He'llfeelhappierwhentheprojectiscompleted.

C.He'sannoyedwitheveryone.

D.Hetookanapinbiologyclass.

33.(26)

A.Hethinksflieswilltakeovertheearth.

B.Hethinkshumanwilldieoffquitesoon,

C.Hethinksmassdiseasecouldbethenextpathtoextinction.

D.Heseeshumanbeingsasdestructive.

34.(21)

A.It'soverpriced.

B.Itmakespeoplecrazy.

C.It'sdifferentfromothercoffeehouses'coffee.

D.AllthecoffeeisfromBrazil.

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Hills，areyougoingtoJack'spartytonight?MaybeIcangiveyouaride．

W:Thanks，Tom．I'dliketogoforachange，

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydotonight?

(12)

A.Gototheparties.

B.Goforaridewiththeman.

C.Studyforherexam.

D.Changeherclothes.

36.听力原文：W:Thenortheastisexperiencingareallyterriblewinter.Fuelsuppliesarerunninglowandalotofpeoplecan'tevenkeeptheirhousesadequatelyheated.

M:Iguessthat'swhyfuelpriceshavegoneupacrossthenation.

Q:Whatistheproblem?

(18)

A.Fuelcannotbetransportedtothenortheasternstates.

B.Therearetoofewhousesinthenortheast.

C.Peopleinthenortheastareinexperiencedindealingwithsnow.

D.Coldweatherinthenortheasthasincreasedthedemandforfuel.

37.

【B9】

38.听力原文：Youmaybeallthesethingsattheoffice,andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead,expertssay,theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP,forpolitics,asinofficepolitics.

Hardworkalonedoesn'tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas,bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet,despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics--abetterjob,araise,praise—manypeoplearestillunableorunwillingto"playthegame."

Peopleassumethatofficepolitiesinvolvesometactfulbehaviors,butpoliticsderivefromtheword"polite".Itcanmeancommunicationandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventryingtopleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn.

Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehavior.usedtopursueone'sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeform.ofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment--notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell.

Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirability,butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It'ssimplehumannature.Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery,fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirboosforfavors.Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.

(30)

A.Thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers.

B.Theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany.

C.Thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer.

D.Thecodeofbehavior.forcompanystaff.

39.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Jack,wouldyoupleasereadthisletterofapplicationI'vejustwritten?I'dliketohaveyouropinion,

M:IfIwereyou,Iwouldchangethebeginning.Youshouldwriteaboutyoureducationfirst.Youshouldincludemuchmoreinformationaboutyourworkexperienceandyoushouldsaysomethingaboutyourfamily,too.

Q:Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Themanmustbeacareeradviser.

B.Thewomanisamodestperson.

C.Theletterhastoberewritten.

D.Theletterdoesn'thavetoberewritten.

40.听力原文：W:Didn'tyoutellTomaboutthemeeting?

M:WhateverIsaytohimgoesinonecarandouttheother.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Tomisunabletohearwell.

B.Tomdidn'tsayanythingatthemeeting.

C.Tomdoesn'tlistentohim.

D.Tomwentoutbeforethemeetingwasover.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtothepassage,thesmart-highwaytechnologyisaimedto______.

A.deploysophisticatedfacilitiesontheinterstatehighways

B.providepassengervehicleswithavarietyofservices

C.optimizethehighwaycapabilities

D.improvecommunicationbetweendriverandthepeoplewhomonitortraffic

42.

Whatisthetypicaloffolkcultures?

43.

Thephrase"agreatopportunity'mentionedinthelastparagraphreferstoanopportunityto______

A.carryoutreform

B.boomeconomy

C.animatethevoters

D.attackchiefexecutive

44.

ParentslikeCamellaPricethinkthechildrenhadbetterhavecellphonessothattheycanaskforhelpontheway______.

45.

Themostimportantcharacterexclusivetohumanbeingsis______.

A.humorB.courageC.determinationD.initiative

46.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthereconstructionofThePentagonandtheWorldTradeCentre?

A.Supporting.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Hostile.

47.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthevalueofolderpeopleis______byemployers.

48.

WhatdoesthelastparagraphtellusabouttheeducationinUS?

A.Itissuccessfulinhelpingthestudentspassvariousexams.

B.Itencouragesthestudentsinconceptualthinking.

C.Itnurturestheabilityinsolvingcomplexproblems.

D.Itaimstotrainskilledworkersforthesociety.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

TheactofGooglingoneselfhasbecomethedigitalage'sleadingguiltypleasure--anactivityenjoyedbyallandadmittedbyfew.Thephenomenonhasevenbeenthesubjectofscholarlyresearch.Lastyear,astudyconcludedthatthepracticeofself-Googlingcanpartlybetracedtoariseinnarcissism(自恋)insociety,butthatitisalsoanattemptbypeopletoidentifyandshapetheirpersonalonline"brand".

Thereasonpeoplesearchforthemselvesisthatthey'recuriousaboutwhatotherpeopleseewhentheysearchfortheirname.Oneproblemistheydon'thaveanycontroloverthesearchresultsandtheywillneverappearonthefirstpageofthesearchresults.IfyournameisBrianJonesandyou'renottheformerRollingStonesguitarist,youdon'texist.

Togivepeopleabitmorecontroloversearchresults,Googleintroducedafeaturethisweekcalleda"Googleprofile"whichuserscancreate,sothatalittlepersonalinformationappearsatthebottomofUSnamesearchpages.OnceuserscreateaGoogleprofile,theirnames,occupation,locationsandphotosiftheychooseappearsinaboxonthefirstpageofthesearchresultsfortheirnames.Besides,there'salinktoafullGoogleprofilepagethatinmanywaysresemblesaFacebookpage.

ThesimilaritytoFacebookisnoaccident.Bygivingusersalittlecontrolovertheresultsthatappearonasearchfortheirnames,GooglehopestoestablishasocialnetworkbaseandtakeonwildlypopularsiteslikeFacebookandMySpace.Facebookuserswhootherwisecouldn'tbebotheredtosetupaseparateprofilepageonGooglemightfindtheideaappealingifitgivesthemsomecontrolovertheGooglesearchresultsfortheirnames.

Themoreinformationyouaddtoyourprofile,thehigheryourpageislikelytoberankedonaGooglesearchforyournameandassociatedkeywords,suchasthenameofyourhometown,yourjobtitleorwhereyouworkorgotoschool.AndthemorerichlydetailedyourGoogleprofileis,themoreGoogleknowsaboutyou.There'snoadvertisementattachedtoGoogleprofiles,butinthefuture,thecompanycouldeasilyselladstargetedtoyourpersonaldetails,muchasthey'vealreadydoneonGmail.

Whatisthepossiblemeaningof"guiltypleasure"(Line1,Para.1)?

A.Illegalactivities.

B.Shamefulactivities.

C.Disgustingactivities.

D.Secretactivities.

50.Recently-marriedwomencan'tsleepassoundlyasthosemarriedlongerbecausetheymaybe______withtheirhusband.

51.

Whatcanbeinferredaboutopera?

A.Itrequiresformaltraining.

B.Itisoftenenjoyedbythosewithstronganalyticalability.

C.Itisdislikedbyblacks.

D.Itismoredifficulttolearnthanclassicalmusic.

52.

Sometoughguysandschoolyardbullieslearnthat______.

53.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Notsolongago,predictionmarkets(市场预测)werebeingconsideredasafantasticnewwaytoforecasteverythingfromthecompletiondateofavitalprojecttoafirm'sannualsales.Butalthoughtheyhavespreadbeyondearly-adoptingcompaniesinthetechnologyindustry,theyhavestillnotbecomemainstreammanagementtools.Evencrazyadvocatesadmitmuchremainstobedonetoconvincedoubtfulmanagersoftheirvalue."It'sstillaprettyblessingbusiness,"saysLeslieFineofCrowdCast,oneofthefirmsthatprovidetradingplatformsforcompanieskeentopoolthecollectivewisdomoftheiremployees.

Predictionmarketsworkbygivingpeoplevirtualtradingaccountsthatallowthemtobuyandsell"shares"thatcorrespondtoaparticularoutcome.Sharesinanoutcomethatisconsideredmorelikelytooccurthentradeatahigherpricethanthosethatrepresentalesslikelyoutcome.Thisprovidesawaytoapproachthetacit(默许的)knowledgethatexistsincompanies,especiallyonesthathavemanydifferentdivisionsoroffices.

KochIndustries,anAmericancompanyinarangeofbusinessesincludingchemicals,fertilizersandcommoditytrading,hasbeenrunningpredictionmarketsforthepastninemonthsinvolvingabout200ofitsstafffromdifferentareas.Thegroup,whichhasrevenuesofsome$100billion,haslaunchedcontractson,amongotherthings,thefuturepricesofrawmaterialsusedinitschemicalsdivisionandthelikelihoodofbanknationalizations.Kochsaystheresultssofarhavebeenprettyaccuratecomparedtoactualoutcomes,butstressesthatmarketsarecomplementarytootherforecastingtechniques,notasubstituteforthem.

Abigobstaclefacingmanagersusingpredictionmarketsisgettingenoughpeopletokeeptradingafterthenoveltyhaswornoff.Manyfirmsusegaming-style.leaderboardstoencourageinternalcompetition,oroffermodestprizestothemostsuccessfultraders.LloydsTSB,abank,launchedamarketinwhichparticipantsidentifythebestnewideasbytradinginacurrencycalledBankBeanz,whichcanthenbeexchangedforcash--aschemethebank'sheadofinnovationcalls"anexceptionalmotivator".

Anotherreasonpredictionmarketsfailedisthatemployeescannotseehowtheresultsareused,sotheyloseinterest.WellsFargo,abigbankthathasbeenrunninginternalmarketsforoverayeartoidentifywaystoimproveservicetosomecorporatecustomers,saysitsmosteffectiveteststookplaceinareaswheremanagerscoulddosomethingwiththeirfindings,makingstafffeelthattradingwasworthwhile.

Bossesmayalsobewaryofrelyingonthejudgmentsofnon-experts.Yetmanypilotprojectsrunsofarhaveshownthatjuniorstaffcanoftenbesurprisinglygoodforecasters.Perhapsthebestwaytofindoutwhenpredictionmarketswillfinallytakeoffistoaskyouremployees--usingapredictionmarket.

Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutthepredictionmarketinthepassage?

A.Itnowhasbecomeamajormanagementwayformostcompanies.

B.Theadvocatesaretoooptimisticaboutpredictionmarket.

C.Itisawaytoknowfirms'owncovertknowledge.

D.Itworksbygivingtradersanactualtradingaccounts.

54.

【C4】

55.Lifeonearthdependsonwater,andthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater-whetherfordrinking,agriculture,industryortheraisingoffish-willalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise,therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequitable(平衡的)accesstowaterormoredrasticengineeringsolutions.

Lookingattheengineeringsolutionfirst,alotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasins,particularlyinAfrica.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalregimeoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadam,yougenerallywreckthedownstreamecology.Inthepast,suchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.Butinthiscentury,governmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorance.

Theengineers'abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfish,lessgrazingandlessfloodplain(泛滥平原)agriculture,noneofwhichwereanticipated.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon'texistforever,butwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.

Thechallengeforthenextdecadeistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnologywillallowustobreedbetterdry-landcrops,thereisnomarketincentiveforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfrica.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?

Thisbringsustothekeyissueinanydiscussionofwater:money.Totalkaboutawatercrisiscoversdifficultproblemssuchaspoverty.InthenextdecadeeveryhouseholdinBritainwillhaveawatermeter,andwewillpayforwhatweusejustaswedoforgasorelectricity.ThatcanberesolvedandasimilarsystemwilleventuallybeadoptedacrossEuropeandtheUS.ButconsidertheproblemsofwatersupplyinMexicoCityorDelhi.Ifyou'rerich,youdrinkmineralwaterandmayevenhaveaswimming-pool—yetmillionsinsuchcitiescan'tgetsafedrinkingwater.Thereisacomingwatercrisiswhichisoneforthepoor.

Theword"premise"(Para.1)probablymeans"______".

A.assumptionB.promiseC.needD.crisis

56.

"Thetheory"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferstothat______.

A.thebaby-boomerswillupsetthepattern

B.therearemoredemographicproblemsinJapan

C.theresultconcludedbyJohnLlewellynandCamilleChaix-Viros

D.theemergingmarketscanbeawayinapproachingtheproblem

57.

AccordingtoJamesAlanFox,thechallengetocriminaljusticeintheU.S.A.is______.

58.

Accordingtothedrugmanufacturers,thepills______.

A.onlyprovidetemporarytreatmentforthemorbidobesity

B.aretoodangeroustobeused

C.aremeantforallthepeoplewhoyearnforslimness

D.arethemostimportantweightlossdiscoveries

59.

Fromthepassagewelearnthat______.

A.thereisaclearrelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates

B.theeconomyalwaysfollowsparticulartrends

C.thecurrenteconomicproblemsareentirelypredictable

D.thepresenteconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

60.Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears______.

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.manknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

四、5.ErrorCorrection(5题)61.

【S4】

62.Earthquakesareprobablyoneofthemostfrighteningand

destructivehappeningsofnaturethatmanexperiences.They

havecausedthedeathofmanyhumanbeings,muchsuffering

andgreatlydamagetoproperty.Today,thestudyofearthquake【S1】______

hasgrowngreatlywithscientistsalloverthe