人教版八年级上册语法总结

PAGE4八年级上册英语基础语法综合讲解八上语法复习Unit1-Unit3一般现在时：表示现阶段的动作或状态

一般现在时表示现在的状态，如：Heis12.Sheisathome.表示现阶段经常的或习惯性的动作，如：Igotoschoolat7:30everyday.客观真理：Thesunrisesfromtheeast.在一般现在时中，主语是第三人称且是单数时，动词用现三单形式：动词现三单变化规则动词原形第三人称单数形式

一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音或元音后读/z/，在t后读/ts/，在d后读/ds/。

helplikeswimlistenknowplaygetfindhelps/helps/likes/laiks/swims/wimz/listens/’lisənz/knows/nəʊz/plays/pleiz/gets/gets/finds/faindz/以字母s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词加-es,读/iz/。如果动词原形词尾已有e，则加s。以o结尾的动词也加-es，读/z/。teachgoteachesgoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先边y为i，再加-es，读/z/。studystudies2.少数不规则的要记：do-does，be-is，have-has一般过去时；英语动词过去式变化规则及不规则动词的过去式PastEvents动词过去式规则动词原形过去式原形过去式呼叫

callcalled行走

walkwalked搬运

carrycarried观看

watchwatched跟随

followfollowed相信

believebelieved发生

happenhappened邀请

inviteinvited帮助

helphelped喜欢

likeliked看

looklooked住

livelived玩

playplayed爱

loveloved展示

showshowed使用

useused听起来

soundsounded尝试\努力

trytried冲浪

surfsurfed担心

worryworried转动

turnturned失败

failfailed等待

waitwaited拜访

visitvisited[1]直接加d或者ede结尾的动词,直接加d:smile--smiled;hope--hoped.[2]

双辅音结尾的情况:

直接加ed:helped;learned.[3]重读闭音节:一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.

stopped;planned;preferred(重读在fer前);admitted(重读在mit前);referred;deferred;[4]y结尾的情况:辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed:worried;studied.不规则动词原形过去式原形过去式是

amwas是

iswas是

arewere知道

knowknew买

buybought见到

meetmet会\能够

cancould看见

seesaw抓住

catchcaught睡觉

sleepslept做

dodid拿着

taketook挖

digdug穿

wearwore喝

drinkdrank写

writewrote吃

eatate驾驶

drivedrove寻找

findfound骑

riderode给

givegave让

letlet八上语法复习Unit4-Unit8形容词副词比较级和最高级形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则：1一般情况加-er,-esttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词加-r，-stlarge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er,-estbig→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottest4以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i再加-er,-esteasy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest,lucky-luckier5以ow,er结尾的双音节词加-er,-estclever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest6其他双音节词（副词）和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostbeautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuleasily→moreeasily→mosteasily常见不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离,further程度farthest,

further(提高进一步)oldolder时间,elder顺序oldest,eldest1.原级比较①as+原级形容词+as，表示前后两者一样Maryisashonestashersister.②否定（注意肯定不能用so）notas/so+形容词+as表前者不如后者Maryisnotas/sohonestashersister.③Maryisnotsohonestagirlashersister.原本语序是ahonestgirl,只是so修饰的是形容词，所以形容词提前在so后面2.比较级①比较级+than+…..Theweathertodayiscolderthanyesterday.注意than连接的的两个比较对象要一致如Mary‘shatissmallerthanTom错误应为Mary‘shatissmallerthanTom’s②比较级别+and+比较级：越来越…（若比较级为more+形容词原级，则为：moreandmore形容词原级）Thebuildingsaretallerandtaller.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger③the+比较级，the+比较级越…..（就）越……the+比较级+ofthetwo….,特指两者中更…..的那个3.最高级The+形容词最高级+名词（+表范围的），表示三者或三者以上之间最…..,因为是特指，所以通常有the4.the+形容词，表某一类人：theold老人thepoor穷人therich富人一般将来时表示将要发生的动作、将来会存在的情况或状态，可用多种形式来表示，常常伴有表示将来的时间状语，如in+一段时间：在…之后基本结构：shall/will+do(will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称)将来势必会发生的事，或未经计划而临时做出的打算Hewillbe17yearsoldnextyear.②主语+begoingto+do表现在的意图（经过考虑），既打算在最近或将来做某事已有迹象表明即将发生某事，主语通常是物Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.therebe句型表示（某地）有某人或某物1.结构“Therebe+名词+（地点）这一句型。There无词义，主语为therebe后面的名词。be也可以是其他如lie,stand,liveusedtobe,seemtobe,情态动词+be等，但基本不用have如：Therestandsabigtreeinthegarden.时态：therebe句型可以有多种时态变化注意：①Therebe句型中的主谓一致：Be动词的单复数形式取决于与be动词最靠近的名词，即“近主原则”Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.②如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：Thereisfivehundreddollarstopay.需要付500美元。3、some

和any

在there

be

句型中的运用：some

用于肯定句，any

用于否定句或疑问句。

5.have，has表示：某人或某物“拥有”什么东西，强调“所属关系”，而且某人某物作为句子的主语。therebe意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；有时可替换，如：中国有许多长河。TherearemanylongriversinChina.Chinahasmanylongrivers.6.“Therebe结构”的一般现在时：Thereis/are+某物/某人+某地/某时一般过去时：Therewas/were+某物/某人+某地/某时Therewasaschooltenyearsago.一般将来时：Therewillbe+某物/某人+某地/某时.=Thereisgoingtobe+某物/某人+某地/某时.Therewillbeasportmeetingnextweek.=Thereisgoingtobeasportmeetingnextweek.几组量词后面加名词的区别afew+可数名词复数：有一些、有几个 few+可数名词复数：几乎没有（表示否定）alittle+不可数名词：有一些little+不可数名词几乎没有（表示否定）many+可数名词复数：很多，许多much+不可数名词：很多，许多few的比较级是fewer,little的比较级是lessmany\much的比较级都是moreTherewillbe______polutioninthefuture.在未来将会有更少的污染。Weshouldplantmoretrees.我们应该种更多的树。Therewillbefewercarsinthefuture.在未来将会有更少的汽车。Howmany+可数名词复数：多少…Howmuch+不可数名词：多少…some+可数名词复数/不可数名词肯定居中或者当说话者希望得到肯定回答、邀请或料想对方会给予肯定回答的。any+可数复数/不可数当some表示某一，后面可接单数名词;any意为任一，后面可接单数名词alotof=lotsof都+可数名词复数/不可数名词toomany+可数名词toomuch+不可数名词toomany和toomuch都表示太多muchtoo+形容词太……表程度much作为副词可修饰形容词（比较级和原级都可以）alot表示程度“非常,很”Thanksalot的八上语法复习Unit9-Unit10感叹句感叹句的形成，均由How或What引导。l)What+(整体)名词（十主语＋谓语动词…..）！由于此处Wlat为形容词，译成“多么的”，之后一定要加名词，以供修饰。例子：单数名词：Whatagreatmanheis!（agreatman整体名词）（他是个多伟大的人呀！)复数名词Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!（beautifulgirls整体名词,主语they,谓语are）c.不可数名词Whatbadweatheritis!（badweather整体名词,主语it,谓语is）整体名词2)How十形容词（adj）或副词（adv）．十主语十谓语动词……！How+adj+a(n)+单数名词(+主语+谓语动词)（由于此处How为副词，译成“多么地”，之后一定要加形容词或副词，以供修饰）例如：a.谓语动词是Be的：Howbeautifulsheis!（beautiful形容词，主语she,谓语is）b.谓语动词是do的：Howfastherun!(fast副词，主语He,谓语run)if引导的条件状语从句结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时含义：如果……，将要……主语用将来时，If条件句中用一般现在时（表示将来）——主将从现构成条件从句主句时态If＋一般现在时主语＋shall/will+动词原形例句Ifhecomes,hewilltakeustothezoo.2.注意：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，而应该用shall，will。Ifyouaskhim,heisgoingtohelpyou.(错误)Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.(正确)(2主将从现：if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Ishan’tclimbthehills.IfIgotocollege,Iwillneverbecomeagreatsoccerplayer.八年级上册英语基础语法综合练习题一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1.Ifyougivemetime,I________(find)thesolution.2.Ifyouwanttopass,you_________(haveto)studyhard.3.What_________(happen)iftheydon’tagreewitheachother?4.Beckhamisafamousfootball________(play).

5.Myfathermadealivingby_______(sell)smalltoyswhenhewasyoung.

6.Didthechildrenenjoy_______(they)inthepartylastSunday?

7.Thecollegegraduateenjoyed_______(teach)inthepoormountainarea8.He______(have)agreattimeifhe______(come)tothepartytomorrow.

9.Ithinktomorrowisagoodtime______(have)theparty,Everyone______(have)funatthattime.10.Halftheclass_______(stay)athomeontheweekendnow.

11.Iwillalsobeable_______(work)outsidesometimes.

12.Whatabout_______(listen)totheradio?

13.The______(three)shirtisthenicestofall.

14.Thisbagismuch_______(big)thanthatone.

15.Moststudentsspentmorethanonehour_______(write)thecomposition.

16.Allofusweresurprised____(see)howAmericansabusedtheIraqiprisoners.

17.Idon'tknowifhe__(come)tomorrow,butifhe__(come)tomorrow,I'llletyou.

18.________(join)theLions,andyou_______(become)agreatsoccerplayer.

19.Inthepast,Peter______(spend)alotoftimeeveryday_______(play)football.20.Ifhe_____(stay)athome,he'llbesorry.21.Iamlearninghow_______(swim).22.Manyof

myfriendsare_____(lawyer).

23.______（watch）TVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.

24.Couldyoutellusthe______（different）betweenthesetwostylesofmusic?25.Mikegoestoseehisgrandparents_________(one)aweek.26.Hespendsmorethananhour__________(exercise)everyday.27.Hedidn’tgotoschool.Hecould________(hard)readorwrite.28.It’sagoodhabittobrushyour(tooth)everyday.29.Tokeephealthy，Idecide_______(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.30.Look!Yourpetdogis(die).31.Exerciseis(health)forthemindandthebody.32.Yoursweaterisbeautiful.Iwant_________(buy)one，too.33.Howabout(go)shoppingonSundays?34.HeusuallystudyEnglishby(read)itinthemorning.35.Wedecided(go)tothebeachnearourhotel.36.Ireallyenjoy(walk)aroundthetown.37.Wewanted(walk)uptothetop.38.Myfamily(go)tothebeacheverysummer.39.Didyouhaveagreattime(talk)ingroups?40.Lucyusually_______toschoolearly.Buttodayshe________toschoollate.(go)41.Wheredidyou______(study)lastnight?--No,I________(help)mymother_______(clean)theroom.42.Doyoufeellike(drink)someorange?43.Ourteacheroftenkeepsus(read)Englishinthemorning.44.It’sveryinteresting_____(feed)thepets.45.Heis____(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch_____(bad)atChineseandheisthe____(bad)atEnglish.46.AnniesaysSallyisthe______(kind)personintheworld.47.Heisoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.48.Adictionaryismuch_________(expensive)thanastory-book.49.Anorangeiaalittle______(big)thananapple,butmuch________(small)thanawatermelon.50.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.51.Sueisalittle___________(beautiful)thanhersister.50.Myroomisnotas_________(big)asmybrother's.53.--Howdifficultisphysics?--I'mnotsure.--Isit________(difficult)thanmath?--Idon'tthinkso.54.--Annieplaysthepianovery___________(well).--Sueplaysit_____(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe__________(well).55.Saturdayismy_________(busy)dayinaweek.56.Hermotherisgetting____________(fat)and________(fat).57.Ithinkit'stooexpensive.I'dlikea_____________(cheap)one.58.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.59.Thisbookisnotas_____________(interesting)asthatone.60.Yourclassroomis__________(wide)and___________(bright)thanours.61.Practiseas__________(much)asyoucan.62.The________(much),the____________(good).63.Nowadays(现在)Englishis__________(important)thananyothersubject,Ithink.64.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch______(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe______(dangerous)animalintheworld.65.It’stosaythantodo(easy)66.Whichdoyoulikeofallthecoats?(well)67.Theapplesintheothershopareand.(cheap;good)68.Manyofthestarsaresoawaythatwecan’tseethem.(far)69.TheYangtzeRiverisvery(long).Infact,it’sriverinChina(long)70.Didyoudecide________________(visit)yourgrandparents?71.Therearemany_______________(different)betweenthem.72.Ican’tstand_________________(hear)thebadnews.73.LucyandLilyarethe______________(win)ofthetalentshow.74.Thisshirtisn’tas_________________(good)asthatone.75.Heisthe_____________________(bad)studentinhisclass.76.Thenews___________________(be)soterriblethatweallcan’tstand.77.Ireallyenjoyed____________________(walk)aroundtown.78.Itisgoodtorelaxby_________________(use)internet.79.Didyouhavefun__________________(play)attheparty?80.

Mary’s

brother

is

as

__________

(health)

as

her

sister.

81.

My

pen

is

new,but

hers

is

___________(new)

than

mine..

82.

It’s

necessary

for

us

______________

(learn)

English

well.

83.

The

storybook

is

____________________

(interest)

of

the

three.

84.Ican’tstand(listen)tothenoisymusic.85.There(be)someexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.86.Wouldyoumind(open)thewindow?87.Didyouwatch(sport)showonTVyesterday?88.Wheredoyouplan(go)thisSunday?89.Doyouwant(watch)thenews?90.Sallythinkssoapoperasare(educational)thansitcoms.91.Ihope(watch)theactionmovieoneday.92.YaoMingisa(success)playerinNBA.93.IthinkXiYangyangisas(famous)asMikeyMouse.94.Heis(funny)thantheotherstudentsinhisclass.95.Didyouhavefun(learn)something?96.Nellypracticed(dance)alotmorethanLisa.97.Hismotheroftenmakeshim(clean)hisroomonweekends.98.Lisapracticedalotmoreandwanted(win).99.It’snecessaryforus(learn)Englishwell.100.Heis(different)fromhisbrother.Theyhavesome(different).二.句型转换。

1.IfIgototheparty,I'llbringthemsomeflowers.(提问）________________bring______ifyougototheparty?

2.Studyhard,andyou'llpasstheEnglishexam.=___________studyhard,______passtheEnglishexam

3.Wearjeans,andwewon'tletyouin.=_____

______wear

jeans,wewon'tletyouin.5.IwillstudyEnglishhard.IwillteachEnglishinaschool.(用if合并)__________________________6.

Mary

is

eighteen

years

old.(同义句)Mary

is

_____________________

girl.

7.We

walked

for

another

two

hours.(同义句)We

walked

for

________________

hours.8.Igotodancethreetimesaweek.(提问)________________doyougotodance?9.Doyouwanttocome?(同义句)___________you_________tocome?10.Tomisn’tasgoodasTimatplayingthedrum.(同义句)Tomis_______atplayingthedrum__________Tim.11.Sheistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass.(同义句)Sheis___________________studentinherclass.12.Ithinkmymotherissmarterthanmyfather.(否定句)I__________mymother___________smarterthanmyfather.13.Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?(同义句)___________________themovie?14.Heisgoingtogotoacookingschool.(提问)ishegoingto？15.Myfatherwantstobeapilot.(一般疑问句)yourfathertobeapilot?16.It’sagoodtimetomakeresolutionsatthebeginningoftheyear.(同义句)Theoftheyearisagoodtimeforresolutions.17.Willyoumakeamodelplaneforher?(同义句)youtomakeamodelplaneforher?18.Johnwantstowatchtalkshowsbecausethey’reenjoyable.(对划线部分提问)Johntowatchtalkshow?19.Over80yearsago,hefirstappearedinthecartoonSteamboatWhile.(同义句)80yearsago,hefirstappearedinthecartoonSteamboatWhile.20.Whatdoyouthinkoftalkshow?(同义句)doyoutalkshow?21.TheothercartoonsarenotasfamousasMickey?(同义句)Mickeyistheothercartoons.Mickeyisofallthecartoons.22.Ithinkheisgoodatplayingsoccer.(改为否定句)Ihegoodatplayingsoccer.23.Johnenjoysswimming.Peterenjoysswimming,too.(合并)JohnPeterswimming.24.TheEnglishStudyCenterneedsaweekendstudenthelperforprimaryschoolstudent.(提问)theEnglishStudyCenterforprimaryschoolstudent?25.LarryworksharderthanHuangLei.(改为否定句)LarryharderthanHuangLei.三.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子1.他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。Ifhe________TVtoomuch,hisparents____________________unhappy.2.如果他有空，他会帮助你的。Ifhe_____________,he__________you.3.如果我们不去开会，会发生什么？_______________ifwe____gotothemeeting?4.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_______pencilis_________,______or________？________is.Ithink.________.5.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_____________________________Jim.6.多做运动，你会更强壮。________moreexercise，you’ll_________________soon.7.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.8.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.四.单项选择()1.___yourfriend__theguitarattheconcert?Yes,hewill.A.Will;playsB.Shall;playC.Will;playD.Do;play()2.Ifhe______gotocollege,hewillhavetowork.A.toB.doesC.doesn’tD.isn’t()3.Therearemanytalltreeson_______sideofthestreet.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither()4.Whynot____forhelpwhenyouwereintrouble?Nexttime,Iwill.A.youaskB.askC.askingD.toask()5.Ifyougototheparty,you___agoodtime.A.wouldhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.had()7.Don'tbringfoodtoschool.Ifyoudo,theteacherswill__A.takeitawayB.takethemawayC.takeawayitD.takeawaythem()8.Please________yourbigdictionarywhenyoucomehere.A.bringB.takeC.carryD.fetch()9.Don’t______jeanstotheparty.

A.puton

B.wear

C.wearing

D.dress

()10.Jimaskedme_______himwithhismath.A.helpB.helping

C.helped

D.tohelp()11.－Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?－_____.A.Nothingmuch

B.MuchnothingC.Notanything

D.Nothing()12.Ifwegetthereearly,we________thingstoashop.A.buy B.bought C.willbuy D.wouldbuy()13.Thetextisveryhardforyou.Thereare_____newwordsinit.A.afew B.alittle C.few D.little()14.____ofthetwonewbooksareinteresting.A.AllB.BothC.Any D.Either()15.Theydidn’tgotobed______theyfinishedtheirhomework.A.untilB.becauseC.whenD.if()16.Thankyoufor______methenews.I’mgladtohearthat.A.tell B.tellingC.tellsD.told()17.Isthere______Icandoforyou?A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing()18.Mywatchisnothere.Maybe______tookit.A.somebody B.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody()19.Thisworkis______formethanforyou.A．difficultB．themostdifficultC．mostdifficultD．moredifficult()20.Lily_________stayathomebecauseofthebadweather.A.hadtoB.musttoC.mustD.should()21.Thereis__________junkfoodhere,anditis__________terrible.A.toomuch,toomuchB.muchtoo,muchtooC.toomuch,muchtooD.muchtoo,muchtoo()22.—Doyouenjoy____here?—No,Iwant______therebybike.A.walking,togoB.towalk,togoC.walking,goingD.towalk,going()23.Westopped___and___becauseweweretiredandthirsty.A.working,todrinkB.towork,drinkingC.towork,todrinkD.working,drinking()24.Helikesplaying_____tennis,andhedislikesplaying_____drum.A.\,\B.\,theC.the,\D.the,the()25.Lisais_________thanhersister.A.moresmarterB.muchsmarterC.moresmartD.verysmarter()26.Sheoftenpratices____Englishby____totheforeigners.A.speaking,talkingB.tospeak,totalkC.speaking,totalkD.tospeak,talking()27.Heisdifferent___hisbrother,butheissimilar__hisfather.A.from,fromB.to,toC.from,toD.to,from()28.Heoften____jokesandmakesus______.A.talks,laughB.tells,laughC.talks,tolaughD.tells,tolaugh()29.Thanks_________me!A.fortellB.totellC.totellingD.fortelling()30.—____isitfromyourhome?—10minutesbybus.A.HowfarB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Howsoon()31.Parentsusually_____arolein_____theirkids.A.play,helpingB.make,helpingC.play,helpD.make,help()32.Studentsshouldstudyhardtomaketheirdreams______.A.comeout